Entropy Changes in Thermodynamic Processes
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ScribdTranslationsEntropy Changes in Thermodynamic Processes
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- Air is compressed using a 30 kW compressor, of P1a P2The air temperature is
keep constant at 25 °C during this process, as a result of the thermal transfer to
around 17 °C. Determine the rate of change of entropy of the air.
2.- During the isothermal heat rejection process in a Carnot cycle, the working fluid
experiences an entropy change of -0.7 Btu/R. If the temperature of the thermal sink is
95 °F
the total change in entropy for this process.
3.- An isolated cylinder-piston device contains 5 L of saturated liquid water at a pressure
constant of 150 kPa. An electric resistance heater inside the cylinder is now turned on.
and an energy of 2,200 kJ is transferred to the water. Determine the change in entropy of the water during
this process.
4.- Isentropically, refrigerant R-134a expands from 800 kPa and 60 °C at the entrance of a
uniform flow turbine up to 100 kPa at the outlet. The outlet area is 1 m2and the entry area is
0.5 m2Calculate the inlet and outlet speeds when the mass flow rate is 0.5 kg/s.
5.- Refrigerant 134a at 240 kPa and 20 °C undergoes an isothermal process in a closed system until
that its quality is 20 percent. Determine, per unit of mass, how much work and transfer of
heat is needed.
6.- An isentropic steam turbine processes 5 kg/s of water vapor at 4 MPa, most of which
which exits the turbine at 50 kPa and 100 °C. At 700 kPa, 5 percent of the flow from the turbine is diverted.
to heat the feed water. Determine the power produced by this turbine, in kW.
7.- Refrigerant R-134a enters a uniform flow, adiabatic turbine as saturated vapor at 1
200 kPa, and it expands to 100 kPa. The power produced by the turbine is determined to be 100 kW
when the process is also reversible.
a) Draw the T-s diagram with respect to the saturation lines for this process.
b) Determine the volumetric flow rate of the refrigerant R-134a at the turbine outlet, in m³.3/s.
8.- Steam enters an adiabatic nozzle of uniform flow with a low inlet velocity.
as saturated steam at 6 MPa, and expands to 1.2 MPa.
a) Under the condition that the output speed must have the maximum possible value, draw the
T-s diagram concerning the saturation lines for this process.
b) Determine the maximum steam exit velocity, in m/s.
8.- A 30 kg block of aluminum initially at 140 °C is placed in contact with a 40
kg of iron at 60 °C in an isolated container. Determine the final equilibrium temperature and the
total change of entropy for this process.
9.- A cylinder-piston device contains 0.75 kg of nitrogen gas at 140 kPa and 37 °C. The gas is
compress now slowly in a polytropic process during which PV1.3= constant. The
the process ends when the volume is reduced by half. Determine the change in entropy of the
nitrogen during this process.
10.- Air is compressed in an isentropic compressor, from 15 psia and 70 °F to 200 psia. Determine the
outlet temperature and the work consumed by this compressor per unit mass of air.
12.- A rigid insulated container is divided into two equal parts by a partition.
Initially, one side contains 5 kmol of an ideal gas at 250 kPa and 40 °C, and the other side is at
empty. Now the partition is removed and the gas fills the entire tank. Determine the total change of
entropy during this process.
13.- Air is compressed in a cylinder-piston device, from 90 kPa and 22 °C to 900 kPa, in a
reversible adiabatic process. Determine the final temperature and the work done during this
process, assuming for air a) constant specific heats and b) variable specific heats
variables.
14.- A rigid insulated container contains 4 kg of argon gas at 450 kPa and 30 °C. It is now opened a
valve and allows argon to escape until the internal pressure drops to 200 kPa. Assuming that the
The argon that remains inside the container has undergone a reversible adiabatic process, determine the
final mass in the container.
15.- A piston-cylinder device contains air at 427 °C and 600 kPa. The air expands.
adiabatically until the pressure is 100 kPa. Determine the mass of air required to
produce a maximum work of 1,000 kJ. Assume that the air has constant specific heats.
evaluated at 300 K
16.- Liquid water enters a 25 kW pump at a pressure of 100 kPa, at a rate of 5 kg/s.
Determine the maximum pressure that liquid water can have at the pump outlet. Neglect.
the changes in kinetic and potential energy of water, and took the specific volume of water as
0.001 m3/kg.
17.- Water vapor enters an adiabatic turbine at 7 MPa, 600 °C, and 80 m/s, and exits at 50 kPa, 150 °C.
and 140 m/s. If the turbine power output is 6 MW, determine a) the mass flow rate of
vapor that flows through the turbine and b) the isentropic efficiency of the turbine.
18.- A cooling unit compresses saturated vapor of R-134a at 20 °C to 1,000 kPa.
How much power is needed to compress 0.5 kg/s of R-134a with a compressor efficiency
of 85 percent?
19.- An adiabatic diffuser at the entrance of a propulsion engine increases the air pressure, which
It enters the diffuser at 13 psia and 30 °F, at 20 psia. What will be the speed of air at the outlet of the diffuser if
The isentropic efficiency of the diffuser is 82 percent and the inlet speed is 1,000.
pies/s?
20.- In an ice production plant, water is frozen at 0 °C and atmospheric pressure.
evaporating saturated liquid R-134a at -16 °C. The refrigerant exits this evaporator as vapor
saturated, and the plant is designed to produce ice at 0 °C at a rate of 2,500 kg/h. Determine the
entropy generation rate in this plant
21. Steam enters an adiabatic nozzle at 2.5 MPa and 450 °C, with a velocity of 55 m/s, and exits at
1 MPa and 390 m/s. If the inlet area is 6 cm2, determine a) the temperature of
output and b) the entropy generation rate for this process.
22.- Water vapor expands in a turbine at a rate of 40,000 kg/h in a stationary manner.
entering at 8 MPa and 500 °C and exiting at 40 kPa as saturated vapor. If the power generated by the
The turbine is 8.2 MW, determine the entropy generation rate for this process. Assume
that the environment is at 25 °C.
23.- Liquid water at 200 kPa and 20 °C is heated in a chamber by mixing it with steam.
superheated at 200 kPa and 150 °C. The liquid water enters the mixing chamber at a rate of 2.5
kg/s, and it is estimated that the chamber loses heat to the surrounding air at 25 °C at a rate of 1,200 kJ/min. If
The mixture exits the mixing chamber at 200 kPa and 60 °C, determine a) the mass flow rate of the vapor.
overheated and b) the rate of entropy generation during this mixing process.