AST = Job Safety Analysis

For a person to be able to perform the work efficiently, it is necessary that:

a) Have the technical knowledge that this job contains.

that I have learned and developed the manual skills that this job
causes.

c) Be aware of the different risks inherent at each stage of the work.

Therefore, any company that wants to have a truly productive worker in

Your group must ensure that all of the above is fulfilled.

"WORKPLACE SAFETY ANALYSIS" is a method to identify the

potential accident risks related to each stage of a job and him
development of solutions that in some way eliminate or control these risks

How to make an A.S.T

The four basic steps to carry out an A.S.T. are:

1) Select the work that will be analyzed.

2) Divide the work into successive stages.

Identify potential accident risks.

4) Develop ways to eliminate potential accident risks.

Let's analyze these four basic steps.

[Link] the work that will be analyzed.

Some jobs are more dangerous than others.

Some have a history of accidents.

Some are executed by new workers.

Some will be executed for the first time... etc.

Due to the differences between one job and another, it is necessary to establish a criterion.
to determine the order to carry out the [Link].

2. Divide the work into successive stages.

At this point, the work being analyzed must be divided into stages that describe
orderly what is done. It should not detail how they are carried out, mentioning the
risks, nor describe precautions.

The reason for doing it this way is to not get distracted from the goal and therefore not omit.
no stage of the work.

If a stage is omitted, the associated risks will be overlooked. It is important

Then, do not get distracted and make an exact record of all the steps of the work.

THE STAGES MUST BE RECORDED IN THE SAME ORDER IN WHICH

HAPPEN.

3. Identification of risks and potential accidents.

Each stage must be analyzed for potential risks and accidents associated.
with her.

This thorough analysis must identify all risks, whether they are part of the
environment or work procedures.

A good way to identify them is to analyze the stage keeping in mind the types of
possible accidents.

Ask yourself, for example: Can an accident occur due to impact? Due to contact? ...
etc.

This way of doing it increases the likelihood of detecting them all.

4. Develop ways to eliminate potential accident risks.

IT IS NOT ENOUGH TO IDENTIFY THE RISKS, IT IS NECESSARY

AVOID THEM

There are five ways to develop strategies to avoid risks:

Find a better way to execute the work.

Study the possibility of changing the work procedure.
Study the changes in the environment, if the procedural changes are
insufficient.
Consider methods that allow the work to be done less frequently.
possible.
•Verify the solutions through repeated observation by discussing with the
personal.

Methods used to make an A.S.T.

Observation method - Discussion method - Method of recalling and verifying

a) The observation method

It consists of observing the work to establish the stages and determine the accidents.
potentials associated with each of them.
It is generally necessary to observe several times before completing the identification of
risks. It is advisable to observe different workers performing the job, as this will allow us to
You may notice significant differences in work practices.

Advantage of observation

Stimulates Ideas
Helps the supervisor learn from the work
It stimulates the exchange of ideas.
Helps the supervisor get to know his men.

b) The discussion method

It requires several supervisors who are experts in the work. In the discussion, the ...
basic stages and then the associated risks for each one.

Each supervisor leverages their own experience; soon, the discussion shifts to
to the development of solutions.

Advantage of the discussion

Combine experiences and ideas.

Improves the acceptance of the A.S.T.
•Does not expect that the work has to be done to prepare the A.S.T (there are some
which are performed very infrequently.

c) The method of remembering and checking

The supervisor conducts a preliminary A.S.T. based on their memory of the work. This
version A.S.T. is then verified through observation and/or discussion with
workers who carry out the work or with other supervisors.

Its main advantage is flexibility. It can be done in jobs that are not possible.
observe frequently. It only produces acceptable results when the supervisor
carry out a good job of verifying the preliminary version.

The method of remembering and checking should not be used in any case, if any of the
two other methods are feasible.

As a general procedure, it can be established:

Develop the A.S.T. through the direct observation method of reality.

Complement said A.S.T. by means of the other two methods.

The role of the worker in the development of a A.S.T.

The workers together represent a great experience.

A supervisor should try to benefit from this collective experience.
When developing a J.S.A., the supervisor should discuss the work with their
men and once finished, do a review with the group.
 Another reason to stimulate worker participation is that success
the end of an A.S.T. depends on the reception it has among those who carry it out
work. Workers will be more inclined to follow the A.S.T. if they feel that
they have contributed to its preparation.
It is necessary to remember that some ideas suggested by the working group will be
excellent, but there will also be others of dubious value. The supervisor must
apply your criteria when accepting ideas that will be included in the A.S.T.

The role of senior supervision in an A.S.T. program.

The efficiency of the A.S.T. program largely depends on the support it receives.
Provide the Management. It is the line supervisor's responsibility to get the work done.
effective from the A.S.T. but at the same time it is the management's responsibility to train, guide and
control the results.

Management must:

Select the suitable jobs for the A.S.T. program.

Establish dates to complete the A.S.T.
Give instructions to line supervisors to carry out the A.S.T.
Provide advice from a security technical advisor to the supervisors.
Have a good disposition to discuss A.S.T. problems.
Establish controls to verify the progress of the program.
Review the completed A.S.T.
Arrange the distribution of the A.S.T.
Ensure that the established rules in the A.S.T. are followed.

Importance and use of A.S.T

As a result of doing A.S.T., Supervisors learn more about the jobs that
They supervise. When workers participate in the development of the A.S.T., they improve their
security attitudes. Conditions of the environment and methods are improved
work.
Benefits of establishing an A.S.T. program.

The A.S.T: assist the Supervisor in achieving the following objectives

Continuous analysis of the work being supervised.

b) Discovery of potential risks existing in the workplace.

c) Discovery of hidden unsafe conditions.

d) Discovery of inadequate work procedures.

It provides a means to improve harmonious relationships with its staff to

motivating it in the subject of Security.

f) Training of workers in the different operations.

g) Study of operations to improve work methods.

h) Accident investigation
What is risk analysis?
It is to carefully examine the conditions and acts involved in a
activity to determine the hazards of it, the possibility of accidents occurring
And as an objective, to find a way to eliminate the risk or, failing that, to minimize it.
What are the results of the risk analysis?
The result should be nothing other than a series of recommendations regarding the conditions.
as from the possible actions of people to achieve the set objective
previously.
Is risk analysis then theory?
It should not be so in any way. Risk analysis requires going beyond the simple
paper. In the end, the written document has no importance in itself.
Requires disclosure and knowledge from people to fulfill its function; and the
disclosure is often a major failure.
The knowledge of risk analysis
The person responsible for the analysis is also responsible for disclosing it and ensuring its
knowledge, taking into account a fundamental premise: "Nothing should be taken for granted"
"fact" nor should it be assumed that something "is obvious" because that is appealing to common sense of
people that we do not know or do not know how they will react.

Teaching to analyze to avoid assumptions

A task that we all should think about is teaching others to identify
dangers. This is an exercise that over time will bear fruit by improving the culture of
safety and facilitating overall performance. Once those hazards are identified,
let's do risk analysis exercises in which other people can with
certainly knowing and valuing the possibility that these dangers could end in accidents and
thus, take appropriate measures to prevent them.

Risk analysis is unfortunately underestimated or worse yet, ignored by

complete and the consequences of these bad practices being regrettable, not always
They lead to recognizing the need to do it right the next time.
The process of analyzing the risks
[Link] the context
This point refers to knowing and identifying the environment and conditions in which one
the activity will be carried out, as it is not the same to paint a wall at ground level as to do it at 4 or
5 meters in height is not the same as work done by a single person as one in the
that a working group of 15 or 20 is required, or one in which different activities are carried out
simultaneous activities.
[Link] of the risk analysis group

At this point, it is often criticized and labeled as 'bureaucratic' when in

Reality is basic for an adequate analysis. In fact, someone from security is asked.
industrial that does it alone or hires an expert in the subject to carry it out.
to avoid "bureaucracy". Nothing could be more wrong. The group must be made up of several
people from different disciplines related to the work to be done, including
workers; the purpose of this is to ensure various points of view and experiences of
who are already familiar with the work and the dangers involved.

3. Determine the activities

This is the first task of the analysis group: Each activity must be listed.
to carry out taking into account the people involved and other tasks that are performed in it
area of influence.
For example: Personnel transportation or trench excavation
4. Hazard identification

At this point, the hazards present in each activity are identified and listed.
For example, in trench excavation we can find sliding hazards.
earth.
5. Determination of consequences

Once the hazards have been identified, it is time to determine the consequences
possible for people, property, and the environment. As an example, taking the case
of excavations and the risk of landslides, the possible consequences
for people are: death by asphyxiation when someone is trapped under the collapse,
blows or fractures from the collapse itself. The possible consequences for the property
partial or total damage to tools and equipment, or damage to nearby structures.
For the environment, the possible consequences are: The impact on a water source, or
damage to wild vegetation.
[Link] of the consequences
To assess the consequences, a numerical scale from 1 to 4 is typically used where:
smaller
2 = moderate
3 = mayor
4 = disastrous
Thus, a death is level 4 while the loss of a shovel is level 1.
7. Current Controls
Identified the hazards and the possible consequences, proceeding with the identification.
of the existing controls to prevent the occurrence of those consequences.

Continuing with the excavation, the usual controls are geotechnical studies, the
structural control of the excavation and the periodic inspection of the walls.
The important thing here is that those controls exist within the organization and that they are indeed
are practiced.
8. Determination of risk (Probability of occurrence)

With the information collected up to this point, the risk is determined. That is,
probability of the accident or loss occurring. The risk is classified as:
low, medium or high. Then, it is determined whether the risk of being buried underground in case of
slippage is low, medium, or high with the existing controls. This is known as
residual risk and is the basis for deciding on additional controls or adjusting the existing ones.
For example:
This AST is used by the staff who perform work with hoses.

It is applicable in various industries such as construction, oil, and mining.

Work Safety - AST Format

No. Description of Identify Consequences Assessment of Controls Controls Risk of

the task Dangers Consequences current additional Occurrence
What can go wrong

1 Load and Plot of the Falls, Indicate: Withdraw Indicate here Indicate the
download hoses Hits, 1 = less obstacles, the controls probability of
manual of Excess weight, Cuts, moderate additional occurrence:
hoses Falls equal to the same, Traps, 3 = greater, appropriate which requires Low, Medium or
different level Injuries 4 = disastrous Gloves its High operation, according to its

lumbar appropriate operation

Contact with Protection
substances facial
dangerous Positions
corporals
adequate

2 Management of Elements Injuries due to Indicate: Training, Indicate here Indicate the
cutting components, blow 1 = smaller Use of PPE the probability controls of
of the Entrapments, Injuries 2 = moderate, adequate, additional occurrence:
hoses Hits, lumbar, mayor Order and cleanliness, which requires Low, Medium or

Inadequate PPE or Cuts, 4 = disastrous Use of its operation High, according to its

misused Hits wheelbarrows operation

Manipulation of
metal parts
Misuse or state
of tools
manuals

3 Repair or Parts or equipment in Injuries Indicate:

replacement of movement, eyewear, 1 = less
hoses and Hits, Injuries from moderate
parts Trapping, blow 3 = mayor
Falls to the same Injuries 4=
different level, lumbar,
Injuries Contact with
musculoskeletal, substances
Slips, dangerous,
Spill of Containment
substances environmental
dangerous