Unit Chapter 8
Unit Chapter 8
Sunday
UNIT 8: accounts and
Sustainer:
José Leonor Cabral Rodríguez
documents to collect
Enrollment:
100563407
21-10-2021
exercises
QUESTIONNAIRE
1. Compare and explain the two basic methods for estimating losses from accounts.
uncollectible when the provisioning system is used and analyzes the main ones
differences.
The sales percentage method estimates losses from uncollectible accounts using a
percentage of net credit sales to reach a reasonable amount.
Accounts receivable percentage method estimates the amount of losses in accounts.
uncollectible, based on a percentage of the existing balance for the customer account.
Differences:
The first analyzes the collections made and the other the credit sales.
The rate is applied to each account.
In the accounts receivable percentage method, the debtor balance of sum and creditor balance
it is subtracted.
7. Under what circumstances would a customer account that had previously been closed be reopened?
was canceled as a loss in uncollectible accounts and what would the entry be?
When the date is later, it is charged in full or in part. When the payment is received, it must be
invert the cancellation entry and keep track of the records to make the entry in the account
of the client.
It is a written promise made by one person to another to pay a certain amount of money on a specific date.
determined. When money is needed to be borrowed or a term of a credit sale.
10. Explain the difference between transferable with recourse and transferable without recourse.
In a non-recourse transfer, the company creates or transfers the documents for
charging does not commit to paying on the part of the clients, that is to say, it is not done
is not responsible nor has any obligation to pay them in case they expire and have not
have been charged.
Transfer with resources the company requesting the discount of the documents shares the
risk with the financial institution that receives it, that is, if at the maturity of the document the
debtor did not pay the financial institution owed to the company that transferred the document for
charge. The difference is that in the resource-free transfer, the company does not commit to paying the
debt contrary to the company with resources where it does commit to pay it
TRUE OR FALSE:
Answer true or false; if it is false, explain why.
1. Bad debts are recorded as an expense at the end of the accounting period.
TRUE
The money taken by any partner for personal expenses must be recorded in the
customer account, because it is not a distribution of dividends.
FALSE IS REGISTERED IN OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES
3. The term customers is only used for those collection operations of the product of
the sale of goods or provision of services to third parties.
TRUE
4. Receivables with a maturity period longer than one year are classified
within fixed assets.
TRUE
5. The only method normally accepted by tax laws for recognition
The method of percentage of sales is for uncollectible accounts.
FALSE IN A UNIQUE METHOD ACCEPTED BY TAX LAWS IS
THE DIRECT CANCELLATION
6. Simple interest is the cost of borrowing money at a certain rate.
specific period.
TRUTHFUL
The maturity value of a promissory note is the capital or sum that was borrowed minus
the generated interests.
FALSE, ITS VALUE IS THE CAPITAL OR THE AMOUNT PLUS THE INTERESTS
DEDUCED TO THE EXPIRATION DATE
8. In the transfer of receivables without recourse, the person who transfers the
the document is not responsible if the subscriber does not comply with the payment of this.
TRUE
9. Accounts receivable in foreign currency are valued at the bank exchange rate at the
date of the financial statements for their presentation in these.
TRUE
The higher the accounts receivable turnover, it means we are not collecting.
our credit sales efficiently.
FALSE
RELATE
Select the appropriate account to record each of the following
transactions:
Promissory note pending collection. Employee advances (8)
Loan to a relative of a public official. Officials and employees (3)
3. Loan to officials. Income from exchange rate fluctuation (5)
4. Adjustment for uncollectible accounts. Documents receivable (1)
5. Increase in the value of the dollar. Estimation for uncollectible accounts (4)
6. Outstanding debt for the rental of a premises Discount on transferred documents (7)
of our property. Dividends receivable (9)
7. Difference between the value of a document and Various Debtors (2)
money received from a transfer. Accounts receivable (6)
8. Employee advances.
9. Earnings from profit sharing
pending collections.
QUESTIONNAIRE
A promissory note signed by a client as a guarantee for the payment of their debt must be registered.
in the account:
a) Clients.
b) Interest receivable.
c) Temporary investments.
d) Documents receivable.
2. This account is not part of the accounts receivable category:
a) Foreign currencies.
b) Clients.
c) Accounts receivable in foreign currency.
d) Interest receivable.
3. The account that contains the total balance of all customers of the business is known as:
a) Customer auxiliary account.
b) Customer relationship.
c) Control account.
d) Documents receivable.
4. The resulting expense from the sale of merchandise on credit that became uncollectible is
register as:
b) Interest receivable.
d) Contingent liability.
5. Method of estimating uncollectible accounts that is calculated by applying an estimated rate
of uncollectible accounts on the Accounts Receivable:
a) Percentage of sales.
b) Percentage of clients.
c) Direct cancellation.
6. Written promise that one person makes to another to pay a certain amount of money in a
specified date
Promissory note.
b) Check.
c) Invoice.
d) Performance bonds.
a) Interest.
b) Flow.
c) Rate.
d) Principal.
8. Financial ratio referring to the average number of days in which a credit sale
takes time to convert into cash
a) Non-recourse transfer.
a) Liquidity.
b) Profitability.
c) Investment.
d) Operating leverage.
EXERCISES
2. For each of the sales listed, calculate the deadlines for granting the
early payment discounts and the amount to be charged in case the discounts are taken advantage of:
A company calculates the expense for bad debts for the period based on the method of
percentage on sales at a rate of 3%. In the year 200X, it had the following results:
Considering that 20% of the sales were made in cash and the rest on credit, calculate the amount of the
estimation for uncollectible accounts for the period.
b) The amount of the estimated uncollectibles for the period if the percentage method is used
sales at a rate of 3.5%.
$4,374,000 X 0.035 = $1,530,900
c) The amount of the estimate for uncollectibles for the period if the percentage method is used.
accounts receivable at a rate of 3.5%. $ 5,798,000 X 0.035= 2,029,300
6. During the first year of operations, a company had $3,050,000 in net sales, from the
The $52,800 was written off as uncollectible according to the write-off method.
directly and a net profit of $112,800 was reported.
It is requested:
$340,000
On September 13, a company goes to the bank to discount a promissory note for $500,000.
signed on August 10 for a period of 75 days and with an interest rate of 10% per year. The
The bank charges a discount rate of 13%. Determine:
a) The maturity value of the document.
500,000 X 10% X 75/360 = 10,415
b) The amount to be received when discounting the document.
PROBLEMS
1. La Comercial del Estudiante, S.A. operates in its credit sales under conditions of
2/10, n/30.
The operations for June are shown below:
200X - June
Merchandise was sold on credit for $50,000 to the company Doze, S.A.
5. Merchandise was sold for cash for $80,000.
7. Merchandise was sold on credit for $52,000 to Dipasa.
A return was received and a credit note was issued to Doze, S.A. for merchandise.
damaged
for a value of $8,000.
11. The company Doze, S.A. paid off its total debt with La Comercial del Estudiante, S.A.
15. Merchandise was sold on credit to NORCO, S.A. for $20,000.
18. A return was received and a credit note was issued to Dipasa for $4,500, for
merchandise
damaged.
20. A payment of $40,000 was received from Dipasa for the purchase of merchandise.
carried out the
early June.
Merchandise was sold on credit for $35,000 to LOWELL.
25. Merchandise was sold on credit for $70,000 to Librería Mellado.
30. Dipasa paid the total of their bill with La Comercial del Estudiante, S.A.
It is requested:
2. The following data was obtained from the records of the Product Distributor
Basics,
S.A. of the year 200X:
Balances as of January 1, 200X:
Clients $120,000
Estimation for uncollectible accounts 6,000
The company offers terms of 3/10, n/60 on its credit sales. During the year, it...
they made the following transactions:
Sale of merchandise for cash at $228,000.
Sale of merchandise on credit to Abarrotes don Chuy for $12,000.
Sale of merchandise on credit to Casa Chonita for $26,000.
Two days after the purchase, Abarrotes don Chuy returned merchandise worth $1,000 and
a credit note was issued to him/her.
Sale of merchandise on credit to Abarrotes La Esquina for $24,000.
Abarrotes don Chuy paid off the total of his debt taking advantage of the early payment discount.
payment.
They collected $98,000 from clients to whom sales had been made the previous year; all had
right to a discount for early payment.
Casa Chonita paid the total of its debt minus the discount for early payment.
Merchandise was sold to Super Regio for $17,000.
Three days after having paid, Casa Chonita returned some items whose value
it was $1,500 and it was refunded in cash.
$7,000 was collected from sales made the previous year. The deadline for the discount for
the prompt payment had already expired.
Sales amounting to $2,900 from last year were canceled, which were considered uncollectible.
1% of sales on credit for the year was recognized as an estimate for uncollectibles.
It is requested:
a) Make the necessary journal entries to record the previous transactions. Use
auxiliary ledger accounts for each of the distributor's clients.
b) Obtain the balance of the auxiliary ledgers for each of the clients, the balance of
clients and the estimated balance for uncollectible accounts.
c) Prepare a list of clients as of December 31, 200X.
d) Determine the amount of expense for bad debts that should appear in the statement of
results of 200X.
3. The company El Ejecutivo is engaged in the wholesale sale of school supplies. All of its
sales are made wholesale and on credit; in addition, it does not offer discounts for early payment.
continuation, a summary of its operations is presented: the sales made, the collections to
clients and the cancellations of uncollectible accounts over a period of two years.
The Executive uses the direct write-off method to record losses from accounts.
uncollectible.
Answer the following questions:
a) What will be the amount for losses on uncollectible accounts that will be recorded each year?
Prepare the journal entries for their registration each year.
b) What will be the total amount of clients in the statement of financial position at the end of
every year?
1= 180,000 2= 75,000
4. The company La Mexicana, S.A. uses the percentage of sales method to calculate
the provision for bad debts. Credit sales for the period were $1,525
400 and returns on sales of $123,600 were received. According to experience
From previous periods, 3% of credit sales may be uncollectible.
It is requested:
a) Prepare the journal entry necessary to record the estimate for uncollectible accounts of the
period.
b) If the balance from the previous period of the estimation for uncollectible accounts was $3
150, what should the journal entry be to record the period estimate?
c) Determine the balance at the end of the period for the estimation of uncollectible accounts.
1,525,400
% = 3%
Returns on sales = 123,600
1,525,400
123 600
1,401,800
3%
42,054
5. The following table shows the book balances of some accounts of the
Metropolis, S.A., as of December 31, 200X before making the entries of
adjustment.
Based on the previous information, do what is asked of you below (each item is
independent):
a) Prepare the journal entry necessary to record the bad debt expense for the period,
according to the percentage of sales method, assuming that in recent years the
the company has experienced losses on clients equivalent to 2% of net sales.
b) Prepare the journal entry according to the percentage of accounts receivable method,
assuming that 3% is considered on the customer balance.
c) According to the accounts receivable percentage method, if 2% of the customers' balance is considered
uncollectible, and before the adjustment entry, the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts has a
credit balance of $7,500, what would be the amount of bad debt expense for the period?
d) Assume that the percentage method on accounts receivable is used at a rate of 2% on
customer balance, what would be the amount of the expense for uncollectible accounts if before the entry of
Adjust the allowance for doubtful accounts has a debit balance of $2,500?
6. Jeney, S.A. is a department store that offers its customers payment terms of
3/10, 1/15, n/30. The credit and collections department requires a detailed record of the
movements of each client for better control; due to the fact that no cases have been reported of
alarming delinquent clients, the company has not established any recognition criteria
of uncollectible accounts. The following are some transactions carried out during
200X:
Credit sales were made to the following clients during January: on the 8th, $112,750 to
Magdalena Treviño; el día 12, $333 890 a Cristina Salinas; el día 20, $287 550 a Jaime
González and on the 30th, $464,785 to Sonia García.
On February 4, $320,000 was received from clients who had owed since November.
the payment of Jaime González for his purchase in January.
On February 6, Cristina Salinas returned part of what she bought and paid the rest. The value
The amount refunded was $20,000.
On May 15, the collector reported that Magdalena Treviño does not live at the address that
reported, and the neighbors say that they live in another city. The accountant canceled the balance of
the account in your records.
On May 30, it was decided to create an Allowance for Uncollectibles account starting in May.
The percentage of sales method was chosen. The company considers that only
1% of its credit sales are at risk of being uncollectible.
Total sales in May amounted to $5,430,000, of which 75% were on credit.
During this month, $45,300 in early payment discounts were granted and $23 was received.
460 merchandise returns.
On September 20, two customers were reported as uncollectible, one for $89,700 and the other
for $135,650. As of that date, the balance of the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts was
of $190,443.
On October 31, it was decided to change the method of estimating uncollectibles to the method
of accounts receivable balance, considering it to be more aligned with the reality of the store. It
considered 4% as a representative percentage.
On November 4, a letter was received from Magdalena Treviño apologizing for her delay in
the payment of your account and notifying your change of address. He attached a check to the letter for
$75,000 and promised to pay the rest in one more month.
It is requested:
a) Present the journal entries to correctly record what is indicated in each previous item.
b) Determine the balance of Accounts Receivable and the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts after everything
occurred.
c) Calculate the accounts receivable turnover, considering that total sales for the year were 15%
more than the balance as of October 31, and the accounts receivable balance at the end of the year was $3,230,000.
On March 10, El Ofertón, S.A. received a promissory note for $200,000, with annual interest at 60.
days of 15%, as payment for a customer's bill. On April 20, El Ofertón is seen in the
need to discount the document at the bank at an annual rate of 18.5%.
It is requested:
Present the journal entries, with their correct dates according to the following:
a) Reception of the document.
$201,583.33
Expense or loss 902.57
c) If the document had not been discounted at the bank, record the collection of this in its
expiration date.
On March 1, Delta, S.A. discounted a document at Bancos del Sur with a nominal value
of $300,000. The document was issued on January 1 for four months and at a rate of 18.4%
annual payable at maturity. The bank has a discount rate of 23.6% per year.
It is requested:
$302,300
Expense or loss $5,816.54
d) If the document were discounted on April 15, how much would Delta receive? Present the record.
corresponding.
10. A recent report from International Messaging, S.A. contained the following data:
It is requested:
On April 10, 200X, Metropolis sold merchandise to Ketten Wulf worth 140.
000 euros. In addition, on April 15, he sold goods to Cazio Corporation for a total of 70
000 dollars. Metropolis closes the books at the end of each month. Information related to
exchange rates
Date Detail Must News
April 10 Clients/Ketten Wulf 630,000
Sales 630,000
April 15 Clients/ Cazio Corporation 679,000
Sales 679,000
April Clients/Ketten Wulf 21,000
30 Gain from exchange rate fluctuation 21,000
Clients/ Cazio Corporation 7,000
Gain from exchange rate fluctuation 7,000
May 5 Banks 291,000
Gain from exchange rate fluctuation 3,000
Clients/ Cazio Corporation 294,000
May Banks 630 00
10 Gain from exchange rate fluctuation 14,000
Customers/Ketten Wulf 644,000
May Banks 388,000
15 Gain from exchange rate fluctuations 6,000
Clients/ Cazio Corporation 394,000
Ketten Wulf paid off the total of his debt of 140,000 marks on May 10, 200X. Cazio
The corporation made a payment in advance on May 5 for $30,000 and settled the total of its debt on the 15th.
May of 200X.
It is requested: