Office Programs and Computer Basics Guide
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ScribdTranslationsBasic Operations of Office Programs
Operating Systems Management
Module 2 Activity
Activity 1: After having read the 'Guide 2 - Management of Systems
"Operation" and having watched the tutorial videos of the module, answer.
correctly the following questions.
What is computer science and what is its objective?
Computer science is the field of study that focuses on processing.
automated information using computing systems. Its goal
the main goal is to develop and use tools and techniques to organize,
process, store, and communicate information in a
efficient and effective.
What is the computer?
It is an electronic machine that processes data according to a set
of instructions stored in its memory. It can perform a variety
of operations, such as mathematical calculations, data manipulation,
storage of information and communication with other devices.
3. How many generations of computers are there? Talk about each one.
The main generations are:
1. *First generation (1940-1956):* In this stage, computers were
enormous electronic machines based on vacuum tubes to perform
calculations. Iconic examples include the ENIAC and the UNIVAC I. They were slow,
They consumed a lot of energy and generated a large amount of heat.
2. *Second generation (1956-1963):* Transistors were introduced,
smaller, faster, and more efficient semiconductor devices
than vacuum tubes. This allowed for the creation of more computers
smaller, faster, and more reliable. Additionally, they were developed
magnetic storage systems, such as hard drives.
3. *Third generation (1964-1971):* Circuitry was introduced
integrated (chips) that allowed the miniaturization of components
electronics. This led to the creation of mainframes and the
minicomputers. Programming languages were also developed.
high level, which facilitated software writing.
4. *Fourth generation (1971-1989):* The invention of
microprocessor, which integrated all the components of a CPU into a
single chip. This led to the creation of personal computers (PC) and
Basic Operations of Office Programs
Operating Systems Management
Module 2 Activity
more accessible and powerful microcomputers. In addition, they were developed
more advanced operating systems and the use of interfaces became popular
user graphics (GUI).
5. *Fifth generation (1990-present):* This generation is characterized by
advancements in areas such as artificial intelligence, distributed computing,
virtual and augmented reality, as well as cloud computing. The
computers of this generation are becoming more powerful, portable and
connected through the internet, which has led to an explosion in the
quantity and variety of applications and services available.
4. What is hardware?
Hardware refers to all the physical and tangible components of a
computer or information system.
5. What are input devices and output devices? Of 5
examples of each one.
Input devices are those that allow the user to enter data or
commands on the computer. Meanwhile, the output devices display
processed information or results to the user:
Input devices:
Keyboard
2. Mouse or mouse
3. Microphone
Scanner
5. Webcam
Output devices:
1. Monitor or screen
2. Speakers
3. Printer
4. Headphones
5. Projector
What is software?
They are the programs and applications that allow the computer to perform
various functions, such as processing information, running applications, managing
files, among other activities.
Basic Operations of Office Programs
Operating Systems Management
Module 2 Activity
7. Define the types of software.
Some of the most common types of software include:
1. *System software:* Controls and manages the computer's hardware and
provides a platform for other programs to run. Examples
includes operating systems such as Windows, macOS, Linux, as well as
device drivers and system utilities.
2. *Application software:* These are programs designed to perform tasks.
specific or solve particular problems. This includes applications such as
word processors (Microsoft Word, Google Docs), spreadsheets (Microsoft
Excel, Google Sheets), graphic design programs (Adobe Photoshop, Canva),
web browsers (Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox), among others.
3. *Programming software:* Tools used by developers
to create other programs. They include code editors, compilers,
debuggers and integrated development environments (IDE), such as Visual Studio,
Xcode, Eclipse, and Sublime Text.
4. *Security software:* Designed to protect computer systems
against threats such as viruses, malware, hackers, and unauthorized access. Includes
antivirus, firewalls, intrusion detection systems (IDS), and programs of
cipher
5. *Database management software:* Used to store, organize and
manipulate large volumes of data. Examples include MySQL, Oracle
Database, Microsoft SQL Server, and MongoDB.
6. *Communication software:* Facilitates communication among users through
Internet or local networks. Includes email clients, applications of
instant messaging (WhatsApp, Telegram), and video conferencing programs
(Zoom, Skype).
8. What is an operating environment and what are its parts?
It is a set of software tools designed to facilitate development
software. It provides a complete environment for writing, compiling, debugging and
run computer programs.
Basic Operations of Office Programs
Management of Operating Systems
Activity of Module 2
The main parts of an operating environment are:
1. *Code editor:* Allows you to write and edit the source code of the program.
Provides features such as syntax highlighting, autocompletion, and functions of
search and replace.
2. *Compiler/Interpreter:* Converts the source code of the program into code
executable so that the computer can understand and execute it. In the case of
compiled languages, the compiler translates all the code into machine language
machine, while in interpreted languages, the interpreter reads and executes the
code line by line.
3. *Debugger:* Allows detecting and correcting errors in the source code by means of
identification of problems such as syntax errors, logic failures, or errors in
runtime.
4. *Project manager:* Helps organize and manage files and resources
related to the project, such as the source code, external libraries,
images, and design documents.
5. *Construction tools:* Provides functions to compile, build
and package the software in an executable or distributable format.
6. *Memory debugger:* Allows you to detect and correct errors related to
memory management, such as memory leaks or references to non-memory
valid.
Basic Operations of Office Programs
Operating Systems Management
Module 2 Activity
9. What operating environments do you know?
None
10. What are storage devices? Give 5 examples.
Storage devices are physical or virtual media used for
store and preserve data temporarily or permanently. These devices
they allow digital information to be stored in a way that it can be retrieved and
used in the future:
1. Hard disk (HDD): It is a magnetic storage device that uses
rotating disks coated with magnetic material for data storage
permanently on the computer.
2. Solid State Drive (SSD): Similar to a hard drive, but uses flash memory.
instead of spinning disks to store data. SSDs are faster and
more resistant than HDDs, although they may be more expensive per capacity
storage.
3. USB memory: Also known as USB flash drive, it is a device for
portable storage that uses flash memory to store data. It is
small, lightweight and connects via a USB port to the computer.
4. Memory card: Mainly used in digital cameras, phones
mobile phones and other electronic devices, memory cards are devices
of removable storage that use flash memory to store data.
5. Compact disc (CD) / Digital versatile disc (DVD) / Blu-ray disc: They are discs
optical media used for permanent data storage, such as music,
movies, software or backups. CDs have less capacity of
storage than DVDs, and DVDs in turn have less capacity than
Blu-ray discs.
Basic Operations of Office Programs
Operating Systems Management
Module 2 Activity
11. What is RAM and ROM? State the difference between both.
RAM (Random Access Memory) and the
ROM memory (Read-Only Memory) is two types of
memory used in computers, but they have different functions and
characteristics:
RAM Memory
RAM is a volatile memory used to temporarily store data.
data and instructions that are actively being used by the processor.
It is random access, which means that the processor can access
any memory location quickly and equally fast.
RAM is used by the operating system and running programs to
store temporary data, such as running programs and data
open.
When the computer is turned off, the data stored in the RAM is
they lose, since it is a volatile memory and requires electric power to maintain
the data.
2. *ROM Memory:*
ROM is a non-volatile memory that contains permanent data and
preprogrammed that cannot be modified or overwritten by the user.
It is used to store the system firmware, which is a set of
low-level instructions necessary to boot the operating system and others
programs.
It is read-only, which means that the data stored in the ROM does not
They can be modified by the user or by the operating system.
ROM is essential for the basic functioning of the computer and is not
has been affected by the system's on and off cycles.
12. What is cache memory and what is its usefulness?
The cache memory is essential for improving overall performance.
system, by reducing data access latency and optimizing workflow
of the processor.
Basic Operations of Office Programs
Operating Systems Management
Module 2 Activity
After working on the question activity. On our computer,
We will carry out the instructions indicated below this statement.
Note: We must include one or more screenshots for each
described statement.
Activate the main icons on your desktop.
2. Sort the Desktop icons by size
Basic Operations of Office Programs
Operating Systems Management
Module 2 Activity
3. Hide all icons on your desktop.
4. Show the icons on your desktop again and align them to the right.
Basic Operations of Office Programs
Operating Systems Management
Module 2 Activity
5. Change the size of your desktop icons to 'Large'.
6. Arrange the icons by name.
Basic Operations of Office Programs
Operating Systems Management
Module 2 Activity
7. Change the wallpaper image.
8. Hide the taskbar.
Basic Operations of Office Programs
Operating Systems Management
Module 2 Activity
9. Unlock the taskbar and place it at the top.
10. Create a folder named Practices in System in the My folder
Documents.
Basic Operations of Office Programs
Operating Systems Management
Module 2 Activity
11. Create an image in Microsoft Paint and save it in the created folder.
previously.
Basic Operations of Office Programs
Operating Systems Management
Module 2 Activity
12. Delete the created folder
Basic Operations of Office Programs
Operating Systems Management
Module 2 Activity
Restore the deleted folder and move it to the desktop.
Basic Operations of Office Programs
Operating Systems Management
Module 2 Activity
14. Create a text document and save it inside the restored folder.