Ministry of Education and Sciences

National School Dr. Walter Enrique Insfrán

Theme
Cosmetology and medicine obtained from the medicinal plants of Paraguay.
Title
Knowledge possessed by High School Students of the National College Dr.
Walter Enrique Insfrán, on the production and marketing of Eucalyptus syrup.
Course: Third BCCS
Morning
Areguá - PARAGUAY
2017
NATIONAL SCHOOL
DR. WATELTER ENRIQUE INSFRÁN
Prof. Admn. Alipio González Cabrera
THEME
TITLE
RESPONSIBLE

TUTORS
Balbino Fariña
.
Course: 3rd BCCS
Shift: Morning
AREGUÁ – PARAGUAY
2017

NATIONAL SCHOOL
Dr. Watelter Enrique Insfrán
Prof. Admn. Alipio González Cabrera
Theme
Cosmetology and medicine obtained from the medicinal plants of Paraguay.
Title
Knowledge possessed by the Secondary Education Students of the National College Dr.
Walter Enrique Insfrán, on the preparation and marketing of Eucalyptus syrup.
Educational project carried out as a partial requirement for the attainment of the degree of
Scientific Bachelor with emphasis on Social Sciences and their Technologies.

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Examination Board
……………………………………………
2. …………………………………………….
3. ……………………………………………..
4. …………………………………………….
5. …….………………………………………
Responsible
1. Alicia López Barrientos
Rating: …... (……………)
2. Irrazabal Mystic
Rating: …... (……………)
3. Angel Presented
Rating: ... (..........)
Esteban Martínez
Rating: …... (……………)
5. Ariel Ortega
Rating: ... (..........)
Areguá,………. of November 2016
Dedication

ii
Gratitude

iii
Summary

iv
Summary

Summary (Spanish)

v
Index

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I- Introductory Framework
I.1 Introduction

I.2-
Problem Statement
In the Las Mercedes neighborhood located in the city of Areguá, there is the national school.
Dr. Walter Enrique Insfrán, who has approximately 110 students at the level
morning half shift, a large number of which have little or no knowledge about
of eucalyptus syrup and its medicinal properties for the human body.
Eucalyptus trees are perennial trees from the myrtle family that can reach up to 60 meters in height.
erect stems with peeling grayish-blue bark. adult leaves alternate,
generally lanceolate petiolate, with a very marked central nerve, shiny and of
hardened textures; young leaves, without petioles that embrace the stem, gray-green in color and
opposite. solitary flowers or gathered in umbels with numerous very prominent stamens
and without petals.

With this work, we aim to ensure that middle school students have a
wider knowledge about eucalyptus syrup, such as precautions, treatments
and benefits.
And based on all that has been presented, seek to answer the following questions:
What knowledge do high school students in the morning shift possess?
from the National College Dr. Walter Enrique Insfrán about the eucalyptus syrup?
This is why, by conducting surveys, we will investigate the knowledge that
students of the Secondary Level of the National College Dr.
Walter Enrique Insfrán on syrup, after a nutritional consultation.

I.3 - Research Objectives

I.3.a - General Objective
Prepare syrup based on eucalyptus to improve health conditions.
people

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I.3.b- Specific Objectives
• Learn to make eucalyptus syrup to improve the respiratory tract

• Prevent respiratory tract diseases

I.4 - Research Questions

I.4.a- General Question
I.4.b- Specific Questions

Justification
This project arises from the need to inform students in Education
Media Morning shift of the Dr. Walter Enrique Insfrán National School, about the
medicinal properties that Eucalyptus Syrup has, in order to prevent the
respiratory tract diseases in the cases.
As we well know, eucalyptus has several applications in alternative medicine.
With it, we aim for the students of the Institution to be able to discern what
the positive and the negative of the use of this plant for medicinal purposes. That's why
we will be conducting surveys to investigate the knowledge that students have about the
Morning shift of the Nacional Dr. Walter Enrique Insfrán High School about the
preparation of eucalyptus syrup
I.6- Hypothesis
Greater knowledge of the healing properties of eucalyptus, the mayor
probability of its use for the treatment of certain ailments of the human body.

II- Reference Framework

II. 1 Situational Framework

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Areguá is the capital ofCentral department, Paraguayand from the strawberry. City of
ceramic crafts; on the shores of Lake Ypacarai in the basin formed by it
beautiful lake and the Salado River. It is located 29 km from the capitalAsunción
Areguá takes its name from its primitive inhabitants, the Mbya Guaraní, indigenous people who
they inhabited that area before the Spanish colonization. This group was called 'Ariguá',
"the ones from above," for being located in a relatively high region.
This city has a hot climate. In the summer, the highest temperatures occur.
high, with temperatures reaching up to 40º C. The minimum temperatures occur in the
winter, reaching 0º C. As for precipitation, the months with the most rain
they are those understood between January and April.

The pleasant prevailing temperature makes Areguá very attractive to visit.

Areguá has a total of 67,847 inhabitants, of which 33,977 are men and 33,870 are women.
women, according to projections from the General Directorate of Statistics, Surveys, and Censuses.
(Projection year 2008)
History
Originally, this city was called 'Tapaicuá', it was founded by Domingo Martínez de
Irala in the year 1538 based on an indigenous village established in that territory, beside
from Lake Ypacaraí. Its inhabitants occupied the area surrounding the current church of Areguá.
In the early days of the Colonial era, the city was a cattle ranch of origin.
Mercedarian.
Areguá is a charming city that preserves beautiful colonial houses in its architecture.
with wide corridors and a particular style. These buildings date back to the time when
Areguá was mainly a summer city where families from Asunción and from the
surroundings built their residences there to spend the summer. This peculiarity makes of
Areguá is a peaceful and welcoming city, ideal for receiving visitors.
The 'Lake Avenue' is undoubtedly a pleasant stroll for the senses. It stretches from
a higher site where the main church is located and descends to the shore of the
lake where the Municipal Beach is located. This route is considered the historic center.
of the city and was declared National Heritage by the Parliament of Paraguay in the year

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1997. Undoubtedly, Lake Ypacaraí is the most striking tourist attraction, it offers
a privileged landscape.
In Areguá, there is an ecological club called 'Isla Valle', in that place, besides
enjoy a beautiful nature, fishing can be done with the 'catch and pay' modality
Another attraction is the variety of ceramic crafts produced by its inhabitants.
The Crafts Center of the Basin is a permanent exhibition and sales location where
The artisans from the whole region are organized.
The Cultural Center 'Estación A' is an establishment that provides information.
tourist attraction for visitors. It also has a photographic museum in the old Station of
railway that is open to the public every fifteen days with a guided service through the casco
historic.
In the city, several art galleries are installed, among them: 'Guggiari Arte', 'Luis
Cogliolo Art Gallery, La Candelaria Boulevard, Areguá Nativity Scenes, and The Jug. A
An interesting place to visit is the 'Las Margaritas Museum', located next to the church.
The Candlemas.
Since it is a very old city, it is interesting to investigate among its inhabitants the
multiple stories of ghostly appearances that fill the culture with particular charm
popular in this city.
The Koi and Chororí hills are also of great tourist attraction. The Koi Hill is known
for their hexagonal sandstone formations, resembling a beehive, unique in
Latin America. Only Canada and South Africa have this geological phenomenon and it
they are protected in those two countries as World Heritage.
This hill was declared a Natural Monument in 1993. It can be appreciated that they are
consisting of horizontal blocks of sandstones of igneous origin, hence the rarity of the
hill.
Between the two hills Koi and Chororí, they total 26 hectares. They have several owners despite that
There is a Decree from the Executive Power declaring it a National Monument. This is due to
that the Paraguayan State has not yet paid the owners for the expropriation. The
the authorities' lack of interest and their ignorance is notable in the environmental area in the
Paraguay.
Illustrious characters

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The Paraguayan writerGabriel Casacciahe is originally from Areguá. He was born on April 20, 1907.
This great writer developed a large part of his work in this city, for which he felt a
endearing affection. In several writings by the author, you can observe descriptions of landscapes.
from this region of the country. In his famous novel "La Babosa", he provides a detailed narrative of a cut.

customs and critic of the inhabitants of Areguá.

The remains of Casaccia rest in his hometown, despite having lived his last years.
years in Buenos Aires, as that was his will. On his grave, the artist
plasticHermann Guggiarihe has erected a sculpture in his honor.
How to get there

Starting from Asunción, you can reach Areguá by taking Route II, along the
same, at the height of Capiatá there is a detour to the left that leads to the
capital of the department. Another way to access it is by taking the highway that leads to the
Silvio Pettirossi airport. On that road, you should take the path that leads to the
city of Luque and then to Areguá
Social context of the National School Dr. Walter Enrique Insfrán

II.2- Legal Framework

In the late 1970s, the World Health Organization created the Program of
Traditional Medicine in which it recommended to member countries the development of
public policies that facilitate the integration of traditional medicine and the
alternative medicine in national health care systems (WHO, 1978).
Paraguay, like many Latin American countries, has a rich tradition in
use of medicinal plants for the treatment of various types of ailments, and that
has been increasing as a result of the mix between indigenous culture and that of the
Spanish conquistadors (Basualdo, et al. 2004).
Regarding the number of medicinal species in our country, there are no figures available.
Exact. The assessments vary among different authors, as Bertoni (1925) estimates that
there are between 200 and 260 species; Michalowki (1955) indicates 279 species and Rodríguez

Barboza cited by González Torres (1992), about 300 species. Of the tree species,
Brack and Weik (1994) cite 19 species, while López (1994),
mention 47 species. These figures do not include introduced species (Vera, 2002).

5
One of the most comprehensive works covering botanical, phytochemical studies and
pharmacological studies on medicinal plants in the country's markets were carried out by the
Faculty of Chemical Sciences - National University of Asunción and the University
Medical and Pharmaceutical of Toyama (Japan), it records 280 species, both active
As introduced. (JICA, 1987).
The results of surveys and sampling in the markets of Asunción and the area
metropolitan between the years 1987 to 1997, report 266 species corresponding to 82
botanical families and are used for 85 conditions; these plants are marketed in
fresh and dry state (Basualdo, et al. 2004). Other studies regarding commercialization
of fresh, dried, crushed, or coarse powder plants for infusion or tea, mention 108
plant species of which 66% are native, 9% are imported species and 25%
acclimatized species (Degen, et al. 2004).
The Faculty of Chemical Sciences - UNA, has shown an interest in the rescue of
popular knowledge about the use of medicinal plants, as well as the validation of
the same, which was materialized in several publications that constitute material for
consultation and the support that the authority of application has; the National Directorate of
Health Surveillance (DNVS) - Ministry of Public Health and
Social Welfare (MSP and BS) for the registration of phytotherapeutics. (Santacruz, 2007)
Considering the growing interest in the wealth of medicinal flora in Paraguay, it was deemed
it is timely to analyze the legal framework that regulates the commercial exploitation of plants and the

products made with them for therapeutic purposes. For which, it

he conducted a search for data on the legislation of medicinal plants and phytotherapeutics
currently existing in our country, through a literature review.
RESULTS
As a result of the search for information on existing legislation of
In phytotherapy, some articles of Laws, Decrees, and Resolutions have been found that
they mention medicinal plants and phytotherapeutics and in which currently the authority
The application is based for the registration of Phytotherapeutics (See Table 1).
In addition to the mentioned Decrees and Resolutions, there is Decree No. 11,695 of 1939.
By which the Paraguayan Pharmacopoeia Project elaborated by is temporarily adopted.
the Paraguayan Pharmacist Don Rómulo Feliciangeli.

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Another document that mentions medicinal plants and their derivatives is the
National Drug Policy of the year 2001 which says the following: "the drugs
derivatives of medicinal plants (Phytotherapeutics) and homeopathic, are part of the
therapy in our country, being therefore the object of research, promotion, and
regulation. This will be applied to those produced
industrially, involving processing and to which properties are assigned
therapeutics, developing pharmacological standards and recording systems for their
commercialization" (Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare, et al. 2001).
Degen et al. Legislation on medicinal and phytotherapeutic plants in Paraguay: a task
[Link] American and Caribbean Bulletin of Medicinal Plants
and Aromatics Vol.8 (1) 2009

Table 1.
Paraguayan legislation regarding the regulation of phytomedicines
The National Constitution
Article 72 "Quality Control"; Law No. 1119/97 "On health products and
others; in its Article 24: Special medications
1. The national health authority will regulate the requirements for authorization of
the medications considered
special due to their particular characteristics of origin, toxicity, or side effects.
2. For the purposes of this Law, special medicines are considered to be the
medications derived from medicinal plants.
(Rodrigues, R., 2002) ¾ Law 836/80 “Sanitary Code” ¾ Law 1340/88; That oppresses the
illicit trafficking of narcotics and dangerous drugs and other related offenses and establishes
prevention and recovery measures for drug-dependent individuals. ¾ Decree 2824/94; which
update the list of narcotic substances and dangerous drugs, in accordance with article 1.
subparagraph a), b) and c), of law No. 1340/88. ¾ Decree No. 187/50
and its updates; in which articles are established;
Article 51

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The conservation of pharmaceutical products and herbal medicine will be done according to technique.

convenient for each case. Serums and vaccines will be kept in appropriate places and at
an adequate temperature.
(Modified by the
Article 27, Decree 8342/95
Article 115
The term Pharmaceutical Specialties also includes the
chemical, biological, botanical products for human and veterinary use, provided that they
expand with a patented and conventional name.
Article 140
A large part of the bacteriological, serological, opotherapeutic, hormonal preparations,
vitamins and biological products in general, as well as some plant drugs and their
preparations that contain digital or digital action drugs, ergot, belladonna,
insecticides, complex antiseptics, etc., and as long as the methods of
chemical dosing were not feasible in practice, or that such chemical dosing were not
was related to the physiological activity of the preparation, such preparations will be
dosed or simply controlled in their biological activity, whether in reference to a
Standard or by biological units, or by other methods or tests
biologicals, which will be those generally used for each type of product in
particular.
Decree No. 7442/00
Requirements for the Registration of Phytotherapeutic and Homeopathic Medicines
In it, among other requirements, it is requested:
Quality Control Analysis Certificate issued by the authorized laboratory
the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare.
Scientific and Technical Information; Pharmaceutical Information:
General Product Information
therapeutic application (derived from scientific publications or pharmacopoeias
recognized), qualitative-quantitative composition by generic name and its quantitative ones,
as appropriate by g, ml or by unit of pharmaceutical form, form of presentation,

8
routes of administration
precautions and warnings, selling condition as applicable
with the health risk involved in the use of the product, expiration date, conditions of
conservation, prospectus text, label and boxes.
Pharmacology Data
mechanism of action, attributed therapeutic action based, posology and method
use, interaction with medications and/or foods (if any);
Production and Control Data: the control of raw material for plant drugs includes the
complete monograph of the vegetable drug/s that must contain the scientific name,
indications of its origin (Supplier), sampling technique, botanical identification
(microscopy and macroscopy), determination of purity, foreign organic substances and
inorganic substances, humidity, ashes, pesticides and fumigant agents, hygienic control. The
Control over the finished product includes sampling techniques, physical controls,
identification, chemical valuation of the components with the acceptance limits when
correspondence, hygiene control, stability.
Degen et al. Legislation on medicinal plants and phytotherapeutics in Paraguay: a task
pending [Link]
Latin American and Caribbean Bulletin of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
Vol.8 (1) 2009
Table 1 (continued).
Paraguayan legislation regarding the regulation of phytomedicines
- General Requirements. Among others for the label it is requested; content of the
active ingredients, per dose unit or other forms of expression that correspond
declaring the botanical or scientific name, part used,
Route of administration;
Warning:
HERBAL MEDICINE:
"Traditionally used..." without scientific evidence (when applicable), the products
Homeopathic remedies do not require this warning. For the prospectus text, in addition to counting.
With the described data for the label, the following must be declared: use
traditional, method of use explaining in detail how the product should be prepared and

9
used, dosage; side effects (list the known ones); in case of not being registered
Background place the legend "Not known".
Precautions and warnings: 'This medication should be taken with caution in
patients who suffer.
...”, or what they are ingesting...”; “If you are taking any prescribed medication, do not
"Take this product without consulting your doctor"; "In case of presenting the following
síntomas”, “Si los síntomas persisten más de siete días deberá consultar a su médico”.
Pregnancy and Lactation: all phytotherapeutic medications must indicate 'Use with
caution, unless studies are presented that support the safety of its use in these
risk groups. "They should not be administered to children under two years of age and/or the elderly.

without consulting your doctor." Keep out of reach of children.

Contraindications: list those that are known, and in case there are no records of history,
place the caption 'unknown'.
Resolution S. G. No. 394/91
By which the list of medications to be marketed inside and outside is approved
from pharmacies; in annex 1 among others, it mentions herbs for tea and concentrate in
herbs in their natural state; compounds of parsley, garlic and combinations between them; pills,
candies made with menthol, eucalyptus, and their combinations; others include herbal teas
natural varieties.

Decree No. 8342/95

in which retail and wholesale companies are defined and both include
Herbalist shops; this Decree also establishes, among other things, the conditions of
conservation of herbal products
Decree No. 8343/95
classifies wholesale and retail companies, and within them, the herbal shops are located;
it also establishes that the Regancy or Technical Direction of the Herbalist Shops, among others
establishments must be in charge of a Doctor in Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemist or
Pharmacist.
DISCUSSION

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As a result of the analysis of the legislation in our country regarding Phytotherapeutics, it has been seen

that the terms medicinal plant, phytotherapeutics, and medicines are not defined
herbariums among other terms; the laws imply without highlighting differences to all of these
medicinal products; a circumstance that likely causes numerous
products are being marketed without registrations.
In fact, no law begins by defining these medicinal forms; for example, in
the Resolution S. G. No. 394/91, which approves the list of medications to be
marketed inside and outside pharmacies, citing as such tea herbs and
herbal concentrate in its natural state; composed of parsley, garlic, and combinations between
they, also pills and candies based on menthol and eucalyptus, without starting with a
definition in order to understand the applied terminology. Law 1119/97 considers
such as special medications, among others the derivatives of medicinal plants.
In the regulations mentioned in the previous paragraph, 'medications' are considered
to herbs and derivatives of medicinal plants; it could
then it is understood that all regulations governing production, sale,
advertising, etc. Of medications in general, are also applicable to
herbs and derivatives of medicinal plants.
In the National Drug Policy of 2001, it is mentioned that medications
plant-derived medicinal products (Phytotherapeutics) are part of
the therapy of our country and that should be the subject of research, promotion and
regulation. It is noteworthy that these products are considered within a
National policy as its jobs are increasing due to alternative medicines and
popular use; but it is necessary to have specific legislation.
about phytotherapeutics regarding their production, marketing, and use;
guarantee the quality, efficacy, and safety of them.
Degen et al. Legislation on medicinal plants and phytotherapeutics in Paraguay: a task
pending
Decree No. 7442/00 refers to the requirements for the Registration of Medicines.
Phytotherapeutics and Homeopathics; on which the Health Authority bases the registration
of phytotherapeutics, but the definition or what is understood by phytotherapeutic is missing, however
It is recommended to put on the label as a warning 'Herbal Medicine'.

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The other regulations mentioned in the result only refer to the
Herbalist shops and medicinal plants in general.
Despite the great worldwide tradition in the use of plants for therapeutic purposes
Much of that information still lacks scientific support. In our country, as has already been
Only the Paraguayan Pharmacopeia project, which dates back to...
from 1939, which is still an important reference for consultation. This document
It includes an Addendum of the Medicinal Plants used in the country at that time.
(Feliciangeli, 1939) which has not been updated.
Therefore, a National Form for Medicinal and Phytotherapeutic Plants is required that
guarantee and promote the safety and effectiveness of these products; with this material
it will be possible to encourage the incorporation of new technologies in the production process of
medicinal and phytotherapeutic plants.
However, there is a need for proper regulation on
phytotherapies, as numerous joint projects, multidisciplinary work with
public and private institutions; international projects aim to encourage
the production of Medicinal Plants and their transformation into Medicines
Phytotherapeutics and for this it is necessary to have appropriate and specific legislation.
Also in the Mercofito meetings, made up of MERCOSUR countries, it is addressed
integrate government initiatives related to the protection and dissemination of
traditional knowledge associated with the use of medicinal plants and phytotherapeutics.
Paraguay is a country rich in floral biodiversity and with strong cultural influences.
of the Guarani, for the valuable traditional knowledge of the use of the
medicinal plants. In this sense, it is urgent to promote a policy in our country.
National Medicinal and Phytotherapeutic Plants to establish priority lines around
the main objective, which is the guarantee of the people for a safe and rational use and
to be able to incorporate these products into primary health care, since a large part
The population, both rural and urban, often depends on the
traditional medicine in our country. However, and despite the great dissemination of this
in practice, the lack of specific legislation that constitutes the pillars of Policies
that promote and support the use of medicinal plants and their derivatives is still a task
pending for our country.

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II.3 Conceptual Framework
Benefits:
Eucalyptus has countless properties for the body and mind, which provides us with a
integrated well-being

Treatment: a set of means applied to cure or relieve an illness.

person
• Prevention: a measure that is taken in advance to avoid that
a negative thing happens.
• Medicinal Properties: it is the quality of healing something.

• Mucolytic Properties: it is the quality that helps to eliminate mucus.

• Choleretic properties: they are drugs or plant extracts that facilitate the
expulsion of bile in the gallbladder through the mucosa
• Inquire: to try to reach the knowledge of a thing by reflecting on it or
by conjectures and proofs.
• Gastrointestinal: of the stomach and intestines jointly, or relating to
these two organs of the body.
• Stimulate: to make something activate, especially an organ or a function.
organic.
• Immune: it is the body's natural defense against infections.

• Metabolism: a set of chemical and biological changes that occur

continuously in the living cells of an organism.
• Discern: to distinguish one thing from another or several things among them by means of the intellect.

she.
• Ingestions: action and result of ingesting.

• Active ingredient: Biologically active compound extracted from sources

natural or is synthesized in the laboratory, used for its properties
therapeutic.

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• Remedy: A means or substance used to cure or improve a condition.
disease; these do not have a specific amount of active ingredient.

• Essential oil: It is the mixture of several biosynthesized chemical substances.

through the plants, which give the characteristic aroma to some flowers, trees, fruits,
herbs, spices, seeds, and certain extracts of animal origin. It is about
intensely aromatic chemical products, non-greasy, volatile by nature and
lightweight. They are insoluble in water, slightly soluble in vinegar, and soluble in
alcohols, fats, waxes, and vegetable oils.

• Eucalyptus: The Eucalyptus is a large tree native to Australia.

Frequently planted in warm climates. It belongs to the family of the
Myrtaceae.
II.4- Theoretical Framework

It constitutes a great wealth for the country, belongs to the myrtaceae family.
composed of 672 recognized species, varieties, and hybrids, has a rapid development
and great adaptation achieves its best development in medium quality, wet soils
and well-drained; but where it is found more often, naturally, is in poor soils,
podsols and quite tenacious; it can also grow in poor skeletal soils and the
stony, with good drainage.
Its roots have great resistance and flexibility, its bark is thick, fibrous.
chestnut color its leaves are bright green.
It reaches a size of approximately 30m to 40m in height and 1.2m in diameter.
From eucalyptus, various uses can be obtained, such as its yellow-brown wood that
this wood is quite durable, it is used in carpentry and cabinetmaking, piles, sleepers
railroad, utility poles, mining, bridges, wagons, fence posts, etc.
Essential oils are obtained from the leaves of various species of eucalyptus, such as:
cineole, used in pharmacies as medicine; felandrene, used as a solvent and for the
froth flotation of metals (it is also used in pharmacy to produce thymol and menthol). The
eucalyptus as medicinal plants are rich in tannin and contain an essential oil that
It is used topically for the treatment of sores, ulcers, and other skin diseases.

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tannin and other diverse products with multiple applications in the industry, such as the
methyl alcohol, acetic acid, tar, etc.
Development of Eucalyptus.
It deals extensively with lignotubers, bulbous protrusions in the shape of
bulbous masses, which form on the stem at the neck level or slightly below it, in the
first phase of development of almost all species of eucalyptus.
It begins its appearance as 2 opposing lateral protrusions in the armpits of the
cotyledons, which increase in size until they fuse, forming a mass that
It surrounds the stem. Other structures can also form in the axils of the first pairs of leaves.
lignotubers that develop, likewise, until they fuse.
These bumps grow until the trunk starts to thicken with
more speed than them and, therefore, seemingly, they are left sinking into the trunk until
disappear absorbed by it.

Silviculture.
In their natural distribution area, eucalyptus have good regeneration.
natural either by seeds or sprouts of seedlings.
Collection and processing of the seed.
The fruits of eucalyptus trees are small dehiscent capsules, afterward
from maturity the capsules remain closed for a certain time, they acquire a
dark brown coloration and a certain woody consistency, the twigs where they are cut.
capsules with scissors, fall onto canvas blankets under the tree.
In the dryer, the capsules are placed on the screens and this is placed in the sun.
for 2 or 3 days until the dehiscence of the capsules occurs, it is necessary to shake.
or to hit the fruits to extract the rest of the seeds from them. After they are clean and well
dried, they are treated with methyl bromide in low concentration doses mixed with
They are mixed in a ratio of 10g of the product for every 10kg of seed and are packaged in jars.
well covered and free of moisture.

Planting methods:

15
 Planting in pots: they are grown in containers, polyethylene bags are used.
They fill containers with sandy soil and decomposed organic matter.
Bare root planting: it is done in mountainous regions with distances of 8m to
10m in age or heels from 1cm to 1.5m in diameter.
Direct planting: small holes are made in the ground and 4 or 5 are deposited
fertile seeds.

Harvested or transplanted:
For the transplanting or repicking, a narrow hole is opened in the center with a pick.
each container, to the depth required for the development of the root system of the material
transplant, and a small plant is placed in it. Subsequently, the graft is inserted about 2cm from the
edge of the hole where the plant has been placed and to the same depth of it, it
tilt the pick towards the posture and compress the soil against the roots to be well in
contact with the moist earth, without leaving air pockets. After that, it is applied to the
newly transplanted seedlings are at risk from spraying, the containers are placed in the shade.
A few days before taking the plants to the planting fields, they are
reduce the risks in order to 'harden' them.

Site preparation and planting in large areas:

We proceed to remove the weeds in flat areas; the soil must be completely tilled.
by tillage, divide the lots of 10m to 12m in width, plow in strips of 1.2m to 1.5m
width, separated by other unplowed strips, then proceed to open holes of 25m of
depth with a distance of 3.70 m then the eucalyptus are planted manually
introducing the bare root into the hole, it is covered with earth and watered.

Pest and insects:

The main insects that attack newly emerged seedlings and carry the
seeds are ants, beetles, crickets. Just like the fungus Diaporthe cubensis that
it affects the trees because it causes root rot.

Cultivation procedure:

16
 In plantations made on flat land where the soil has been completely plowed
mechanized cultivation is recommended, using suitable equipment, powered by
tractors that pull out unwanted weeds.
In places where it is not possible to use mechanical equipment on very steep slopes.
very rocky lands are cleared with hoes and the soil is removed next to each plant.
Intensive cultivation of plants should be done 2 to 3 times a year, during the 2
the first 3 years of the plant's life; after that age, the cultivation care
they can reduce and limit some cleanings of the fields and the clearing of the vines,
they are always very harmful if they get entangled in the developing shoots.

Production of eucalyptus syrup

The eucalyptus is fundamentally composed of the so-called oil of
eucalyptus, which is a volatile oil distilled from its fresh leaves, is a liquid
colorless or slightly yellow with characteristic aromatic properties. The
The main component of this oil is the so-called eucalyptol (1,8-cineole). It is
composed of small amounts of volatile aldehydes, terpenes, sesquiterpenes,
aromatic aldehydes, alcohols and phenols. Many of these minor components In
irritating properties and are removed by redistillation of the oil.
• Its chemical structure of the active principle is cineol or eucalyptol:

The leaves contain essential oil in an amount that varies between 1.5 and 3%.
The essential oil eucalyptol (1,8-cineole) represents 75-85%.
Healing properties: Eucalyptol has antiseptic properties particularly of the
respiratory and urinary tracts. It is also antifebril, balsamic, and stimulating. The oil is
obtained from fresh leaves, rich in essential oils

17
• Uses: It is generally used externally in inhalations to improve the
breathing in cases of colds or sinusitis. It has been used in oil for many years to
rub the chest with ointments on the thorax and back

EXTRACTION METHODS

Steam distillation

It is a technique used to separate organic substances that are insoluble in water and slightly
volatiles from other non-volatiles found in the mixture. that decompose to their
boiling temperature or close to it, which is often used to separate
natural essential oils found in leaves, peels or seeds of some
plants (lemon tea, mint, cinnamon, orange or lemon peels, anise, pepper, etc.).

Extraction with an organic solvent

Essential oils can also be isolated from their natural sources through
extraction with organic solvents such as ethanol.

Depending on the technique used for isolation, the purity and yield will vary.
of the essential oil.

DEVELOPMENT

• Extraction with an organic solvent (ethanol):

18
• Method description:
Mix fresh eucalyptus leaves with ethyl alcohol (ethanol) to extract by solubility.
the essential oil eucalyptol.

• Procedure:

• Weigh 10 leaves of eucalyptus recently obtained from a tree. Record the data.

• Place the leaves on absorbent paper for at least two days to extract the
humidity.

• Weigh the dehydrated leaves and record the weight.

• Cut the leaves into small pieces, immerse the leaves in 20 ml of ethanol.
content in the Erlenmeyer flask, cover to prevent evaporation and leave for one or two
days.

• Filter, receiving the filtration in the previously weighed crystallizer (note weight)
washing the remnants of leaves over the filter paper with alcohol contained in a squeeze bottle.

• Evaporate at room temperature for one or two days, covering the crystallizer with
filter paper, to prevent impurities from falling.

19
• Once the ethanol has evaporated, weigh the obtained extract to determine the yield.

Results

A substance with the following characteristics was obtained:

• yellowish-green
• Consistency: sticky
• Scent: eucalyptus essence

20
RESULTS ANALYSIS

• When left to rest, the ethanol evaporated and as a residue a

sticky semi-solid substance (oily) with a characteristic smell of eucalyptol, therefore
ethanol was only used to extract eucalyptol (the active principle of eucalyptus) from the plant
due to solubility, since ethanol is an organic compound and eucalyptol is also a
organic compound.

Steam distillation
• Description of the method:
The selective vaporization of the volatile component (essential oil of
eucalyptus oil) from a mixture formed by it and other 'non-volatile' substances. It is achieved through

water vapor injection directly into the mixture, called this

drag vapor

Procedure
Assemble the equipment shown in the figure.
• Place the distilled water in flask no. 1: steam generator and add bodies.
porous, to control the boiling.
• In flask no. 2, place the eucalyptus leaves in small pieces.

21
• From the obtained distillate, completely extract the essential oil through extractions.
with ethyl acetate, the aqueous phases are discarded and the organic extracts are collected in
an Erlenmeyer flask, then add enough anhydrous sodium sulfate,
to remove the remaining water

Results
The obtained distillate is mixed with water, so adjustments must be made.
extractions with ethyl acetate, to separate the essential oil of eucalyptol from water.

22
Extraction of eucalyptol with ethyl acetate

23
When extracting eucalyptol with ethyl acetate, an emulsion is formed, subsequently it
separate the ethyl acetate by evaporation in a water bath, the excess water is absorbed
mixing anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtering it.

24
Results

Characteristics of the distillate, separated from the water:

Smell: slightly similar to eucalyptol

transparent
Consistency: watery-oily

Analysis of results:
In steam distillation, a distillate is obtained that is almost free of impurities and
the only thing that should be separated is the water, there may be other essential oils present that
distill to a boiling point very similar to eucalyptol. This technique is the most commonly used
at an industrial level.

Conclusion
Comparing the two extraction techniques, we consider that the technique is better.
from 'Steam Distillation' to use eucalyptol as an active ingredient
of a remedy, because it is obtained almost without impurities, since in the extraction with ethanol it
they solubilize many pigments at the same time, causing a mixture to be obtained that must be
separate in order to use the eucalyptol.

Identification of eucalyptol
A thin-layer chromatography technique was tested and no results were obtained.
since the appropriate stationary phase was not achieved (silica gel or cellulose), we will continue
testing with other supports, as it is necessary to identify the active ingredient initially
by their physical characteristics, use an identification technique.

Making a candle to decongest the nose

One of the uses of eucalyptol is generally externally in inhalations for
improve breathing in cases of colds or sinusitis while taking advantage of the properties
volatile oils from the oil will create a candle that fills a room before sleeping, to
to have a decongestant effect when a person is asleep.

25
 Procedure
Mix the essence of eucalyptol obtained from steam distillation with
gel paraffin and heat in a water bath, add some color if desired and stir until
that the entire mixture is incorporated perfectly.
Pour into a mold.

The candle should only be lit for a few minutes before sleeping, so that
The room is infused with the aroma of essential oil.

Properties of eucalyptus syrup

Eucalyptus
Nombres vernáculos: eucalipto, eucaliptus, eucalipto goma azul, pikano (Rapa Nui).
Description: large evergreen tree (up to 60 m), with a twisted trunk, smooth or
with fringes. The persistent leaves covered by oil glands: the juvenile ones, green
clear, opposite, sessile, arranged on quadrangular twigs; the adults, alternate,
petiolate, dark, lanceolate, 10 to 20 cm long.
White flowers, solitary. Conical fruit, truncated, 2 to 3 cm in diameter.
meaning, rough, light green with a protruding upper edge, rounded and with the shells
few notable.

26
Pharmacognosy: the drug from the Pharmacopoeia consists of the dried adult leaf of
[Link] Labill.
Uses: the infusion of the adult leaves of this plant is used for respiratory conditions
of diverse nature: bronchitis, asthma, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, flu and colds; also for the
diabetes control, cystitis and vaginitis (orally or local douches), and dermatitis of
any origin.
In cases of respiratory ailments, it is common to use this plant in the form of 'steams'.
(vaporizations).
Pharmacodynamics: it has hypoglycemic properties, in addition to inhibitory capacity of
pathogenic germs, which justifies its use as an antiseptic for the respiratory tract and
urinary
Contraindications: it is not recommended to administer during pregnancy and lactation, nor to
children under two years old. Commercial presentation: bulk and in some mixes
antidiabetics, syrups for colds and cough, and as a topical decongestant.
Agronomic interest: the eucalyptus is a tree native to Tasmania and Australia; introduced
subsequently in the Mediterranean region and subtropical countries, it currently has
more than 500 species.
It is not demanding on soils. It propagates by seeds in seedbeds with soil, sand and
ash, constantly moistened; they take between 1 and 2 fruit to germinate.
[Link] 72
Flowers.
EUCALYPTUS (Eucalyptus globulus), long adult leaves.
PROPERTIES Traditional uses: a) internal use: conditions of the upper respiratory tract
such as a cold, flu, pharyngitis or tonsillitis, bronchitis, influenza, and asthma;
non-insulin requiring diabetes mellitus (type II). The infusion is prepared with 1 tablespoon of
vegetable for 1 liter of freshly boiled water; drink 1 cup 3 times a day. In diseases
Respiratory issues can be sweetened with honey. For steam inhalations, prepare a decoction.
boiling: 1 tablespoon of the vegetable for 1 liter of water, heat until boiling and
then inhale several times while the steam is released. b) external use: rhinitis, cystitis,
vaginitis. The same infusion for external use in washes.

27
Efectos: antiséptico1 , expectorante2 , febrífugo3 , hipoglicemiante4 . Precauciones: no
Administer during pregnancy and lactation, nor to children under two years old. It may decrease
the effects of phenobarbital, sedatives, antiepileptics, and analgesics. It should not be used in
high dose for people with low blood pressure.
The most common side effects are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, bronchus
spasm, headache. These products have the nature of symptomatic auxiliaries and do not
they replace what is indicated by the doctor in the treatment of a disease. When consulting the
doctor, inform him that he is using this medicinal herb.
Avoid its preparation in aluminum utensils. Other background: its effect.
antiseptic has some scientific evidence.
1. Destroys germs on the skin or mucous membranes.

It promotes the expulsion of pathological bronchial secretions.

Lower the fever.
4. It lowers blood sugar levels. weeks; when they have 2-4 pairs of leaves.
they are placed in bags, left for a few days (2-3) in the shade and then in the sun for 2 - 6 months; after that

This time is for the definitive sowing in full sun, at a distance of 2-3 meters. It is a
a plant quite resistant to pests. The adult leaves are collected at any time and are
remove from the shade; keep at room temperature in closed containers, bags or sacks
protected from light and humidity.

II.4 Methodological Framework

Preliminary Methodological Design

Exploratory-descriptive types of research:
Because the place or area to be investigated is verified, the data will also be described.
collected in the field research.

Qualitative-Quantitative Research Approach:

It is used in survey and interview guides to gather information.

28
Definition of the population:
The population studied corresponds to the city of Areguá, especially in the
National College Dr. Walter Enrique Insfrán.
Characteristics Population % Sample M. in unit
Students from 1st, 2nd and

3rd course of the 70 70% 49

education media
morning shift

Data collection techniques.

Description Techniques Instruments
qualitative Analysis of literatures -book
-internet
quantitative Survey Guide with asked
closed

Data Processing Form

Qualitative: Relevant information will be processed based on the study of the
literature on knowledge to investigate
Quantitative: statistical graphs will be used to process the data contained in the
survey.
Resources
Materials
• Books

• Notebook

• USB flash drive

• Virtual Libraries

• Magazines

• Office furniture and others

29
 Humans
• professors of the subjects of the curriculum of the 3rd Course of the
Institution.
• Third year students.
• Professionals in the field of study.
Financial
Proper of the group inquiries.

activities March April May June July August September October November
Elaboration of 1
before the project
Launch of 30
project
Presentation of the 31
first draft
Preparation of the 23
survey
Presentation of the 25
2nd draft
Preparation of 22 01-31
the products
Presentation 29
final

II.5 Operational Analytical Framework (survey)

30
VI- Final Framework

1- Conclusion
2- Bibliography
3- Annex

31
• Bibliography
• Google Wiki asked
• [Link]
• [Link]
• [Link]

ANNEX

32
33