Understanding Speech Communities and Dialects
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ScribdTranslationsUnderstanding Speech Communities and Dialects
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ScribdTranslationsSpeech Communities
Set or group of speakers who share the same linguistic code and are aware of its use; this
It means that a speech community is not just a conglomerate of people who speak the same [Link], but
Moreover, they are aware of the variety they use (what dialect it is, the prestige it enjoys or, on the contrary, is
stigmatized, thesociolectthat are managed and their records).
The individuals that make up a speaking community judge, value, and interpret their language [Link]
being able to sociolinguistically distinguish its speakers.
Dialect
It is the linguistic system that derives from another but does not exhibit sufficient differentiation from others of origin.
common. Dialects, therefore, are often considered in relation to a set of several linguistic systems of
a common trunk or those found within the same geographical boundary.
It is the linguistic structure that does not reach the social category oflanguageDialects
are linked to the variety.
linguistics and, therefore, to thelinguistic diversityAlthough the dialect is often considered a kind of
systemof lower category or simpler than a language, dialects are, in fact, particular ways of speaking or of
write a certain language.
Sociolect
It is a type of dialect, a structure of linguistics that derives from another and is usually limited to a specific group.
but lacking the differential characteristics necessary to separate it from other structures of the same origin.
It refers to the way in which a certain society or social class uses language, the way it is
expressed a certain sentence in one class or another. There are cases where certain words from a sociolect
they ended up becoming widely used words incorporated into the national language.
Three levels of sociolect are conceived, for example, a cultured level, a colloquial level, and a vulgar level. In this way,
the sociolect is quite linked to the academic and cultural formation of a social group, which ultimately
instance serves to mark and condition the way of expressing oneself for some and others.
Examples
My fountain pen broke / My ballpoint pen got damaged.
We are friends / We are buddies.
3. Let me know / Give me a heads up
4. The lady went into hysteria / The lady got angry
5. That man has hyperhidrosis / That gentleman sweats a lot
I had a headache episode / I got a headache
Geolect
In every language, the Geolect is presented, which we consider as the linguistic variety (Dialect) used in a specific area.
(territory) specific, in which material circumstances (climate, flora, fauna, customs) occur more or less
uniforms, therefore, the language has a similar behavior in terms of intonation, vocabulary, syntax and form of
to think. It is what, in other authors, is called a horizontal dialect.
Everything is fine. For example, in Mexico, one can say 'Everything is cool'; while in Colombia the realization
It would be 'All cool' in Colombia and 'all fine' in Venezuela. In Guatemala, it's 'all quality.'
Sorbet. For example, in Colombia and Venezuela it is known as 'pitillo', in Panama as 'Carrizo'. Others
examples include Argentina where it is called 'straw', Mexico and the Dominican Republic is known as
"popote" is known as "pajilla" in Guatemala.
Cronolect
It consists of variations in language use in relation to temporal or generational circumstances. Different
Types of chronolect can be: current, archaic, childlike, adolescent, adult, among others. Example. An adolescent could
to say 'sorry, I'm spaced out', while an adult says, 'sorry, I'm distracted'.
Jargon
It is a particular and familiar language that members of a certain social group use among themselves. This kind of dialect
it can be difficult to understand for those who are not part of the mentioned community. Jargons often arise
to hide the meaning of words
Types of slang
Professionals: they need certain vocabulary that is not common to otherslanguagefor certain processes,
instruments, etc. For example, a person outside the teaching field would say: 'I like the way of teaching of the
professorwhile another teacher would say: "I like thedidacticsof the teacher.
Social: different ways of communicating with the purpose of not being understood by others (for example in the
prison) or with a differentiating intention (of someneighborhoodsand ofadolescents).
Vocabulary
It is made up of the set of words that make up a language. In this sense, a vocabulary is synonymous with
lexicon in that it is the set of lexical units that make up a language. The word, as such, comes from
from the Latin vocabŭlum, and means 'word'.
Vocabulary can also refer to the set of words that a person uses daily or knows.
This type of vocabulary is also known as mental lexicon.
Technical vocabulary
It refers to that set of words inherent to certain disciplines, trades, or areas of knowledge, which only
are known or usual among specialists in each specific field. As such, technical vocabularies are
objective classifications of words, where designation and meaning coincide, that is, the terms are not
interpretable in another way, its meaning is, in this sense, univocal. Vocabularies like the scientific or the legal are
an example of this type of specialized lexicons.
Scientific vocabulary
It is a non-everyday vocabulary used to refer to specific concepts by members of the scientific community.
The scientific vocabulary is more detailed than everyday words like doctors, etc. and these are
generally formed by two or more parts either a word with another or in other ways. Some words: biopsy-
skin exam.