Understanding Electromagnetic Self-Induction
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ScribdTranslationsUnderstanding Electromagnetic Self-Induction
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ScribdTranslationsELECTROMAGNETIC SELF-INDUCTION formula: The proportionality constant L is called
self-inductance coefficient of the coil. In the system
When a current of intensity I flows through a circuit, it internationally, the unit of self-induction is called henry
produces a magnetic field in it, which in turn, In a coil of N turns, the induced voltage comes
create a flow in the circuit. given also by Faraday's law: where Ndф is the
If by any method we manage to make the intensity be flow that embraces the circuit or coupling flow, which
variable, it would also be variable, not just the field, but receive the concatenated flow name.
also the flow and therefore also the number of lines of
force that passes through the coil, this phenomenon is known
as electromagnetic self-induction. ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
In direct current circuits, this phenomenon is observed. Electromagnetic induction is the phenomenon that originates
in a few moments when the switch is pressed, then
the production of aelectromotive force(f.e.m. orvoltagein
it establishes a steady intensity and there is no variation
of the flow, as indicated in the figure: a medium or body exposed to amagnetic fieldvariable
or in a moving medium with respect to a magnetic field
static. Thus, when that body is a conductor, it
produce acurrentinduced. This phenomenon was
discovered byMichael Faradaywho expressed it indicating
that the magnitude of the induced voltage is proportional to the
variation of magnetic flux(Faraday's Law).
On the other hand,Heinrich Lenz he/she checked that the current
Due to the induced emf, it opposes the change in flux.
magnetic, in such a way that the current tends to maintain the
flow. This is valid both in the case where the intensity of
flow varies, or the conductive body moves in relation to
he.
Self-induction refers to the reaction exerted by a
magnetic field produced by the flow of a current
electricity through a circuit and that, when varying its intensity,
returns or dissipates the stored magnetic energy in the
In contrast, if we deal with alternating current, the phenomenon of same in the form of a tension that is induced in itself
self-induction will always be present since the flow is circuit.
continuously changing, as we appreciate in the
next graph: This tension determines the appearance of a current that
circulate in the same direction if the intensity of the field
the magnetic field decreases and in the opposite direction if it increases,
according to Lenz's law. In this way, it practically opposes
its variation.
The magnitude of the induced tension depends on the speed.
with what the magnetic field and the intensity of the
related magnetic fields. The latter, to their
times, depend exclusively on the characteristics
intrinsic to the circuit.
In practice, the increase in the induced electromotive force,
produced by a magnetic field, depends on the number of
magnetic field lines cutting the conductor that
constitutes a wrapping, in a unit of time. As
Self-induction So far we have studied circuits without consequence, to increase the value of said force
consider the magnetic coupling. In that case, we calculate the electromotive, it is necessary to increase the speed of the
tension generated at the terminals of each coil according to the movement or increase the number of flow lines.
To express this value in volts, that is, in units More generally, the equations that describe the
measurement practices and not in system units the phenomenon is:
electromagnetic, it is necessary to multiply the number of lines
of flow by the factor 10 8.
Self-induction is an electrical phenomenon that is exploited.
under various aspects in the automobile, both regarding to
the conventional type ignition system as for
the operation of some automatic devices.
For example, a typical case of taking advantage of this
the principle is the production of a very high tension value
high (equal to several thousand volts), using
as a source of energy the vehicle's battery, which supplies
a direct voltage value usually equal to 6 or 12 V,
through a device called distributor of
turned on.
This application consists of periodically interrupting the
circuit that connects the primary winding of the coil with the
battery, so that current pulses are produced
considerable intensity. These impulses create a field
corresponding magnetic, which induces a high voltage
value in the secondary winding, which is made up of
numerous turns of a conductor much thinner than
the primary one.
Graph of electromagnetic induction
Other typical applications are constituted by relays,
by means of which the command and regulation of
circuits that operate with current intensities
elevated by means of a minimum amount of energy, the CIRCUITS WITH MAGNETIC COUPLING
sufficient to obtain the displacement of a mobile nucleus,
or by the devices that control the flow of energy Inelectronicsis called magnetic coupling
electricity generated by the dynamo or thealternatorto the battery. physical phenomenon by which the passage of acurrent
electricvariable over time by a coil produces
MATHEMATICAL DEFINITION apotential differencebetween the extremes of the others
Faraday's law of induction states that the Force coils of the circuit. When this phenomenon occurs of
Induced electromotive force in a circuit is equal to negative the undesired form is calleddiaphony.
derivative of the magnetic flux with respect to time. This phenomenon is explained by combining thelaws of
It can be expressed mathematically as:
Ampereyfrom Faraday. Por the first, we know that all
time-varying electric current creates afield
1
magneticproportional, also variable over time. The
= Magnetic fluxinweber
the second indicates to us that everythingmagnetic fluxvariable in the
= Timeinseconds
time that crosses a closed surface through a circuit
and the sign it is due to theLenz's Law.
induce a potential difference in this circuit.
Electromagnetic induction is the fundamental principle
on which they operatetransformersgenerators,engines For the analysis of circuits with coupled inductors, it is usually
electrictheceramic vitroof induction and the majority of the fix a terminal from each of the coils—generally
other electrical machines. marking it with a point—, so that, if the current in
All the coils are incoming or outgoing through that terminal, the
induced tensions in each coil due to coupling
magnetic with the others will be in the same direction as the
the tension of the coil itself, which will be added to this.
On the contrary, if in one of the coils the current is
incoming through the marked terminal and in another it is outgoing, the
Induced tension between both will oppose the tension of each.
coil.
Analysis of circuits with magnetically coupled inductors
Given a circuit with a pair of coupled coils
magnetically, assuming that the currents are assigned and
voltages as seen in the figure:
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