Paul Rée: Life and Philosophy
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Paul Rée
Lou Andreas-Salomé, Paul Rée
by Friedrich Nietzsche in 1882.
Personal information
Name of
Paul Ludwig Carl Heinrich Rée
birth
Birth November 21of1849
Bartelshagen, Province of Pomerania,
Prussia
Death October 28of1901(51 años)
Charnadüra Gorge,Celerina,
Switzerland
Cause of
Fall into the void
death
Language
German
maternal
Professional information
Occupation Writer, philosopher
Movement Positivism
Works
The origin of moral feelings
notables
[edit data in Wikidata]
Paul RéeBartelshagen, Pomerania, 21 of
Novemberof1849– Celerina, Switzerland, October 28of1901) was
aphilosopherGerman.
Index
1Biography
2 Academic and Intellectual Training
Paul Rée and Lou Andreas-Salomé
4Work
5Sources
See also
7References
Bibliography
9External links
Biographyedit]
Born in Bartelshagen, Pomerania province, Prussia, on the noble estate
Noble estate Adlig Bartelshagen at Grabow, near the southern coast ofsea
Baltic, he was the son of a wealthy businessman and landowner. He studied Philosophy and
Law in theUniversity of Leipzig.
In 1870, after completing his year of voluntary work, he was recruited in the
army and taken to the front line. Wounded in the first battles, in
theBattle of Saint-Privaton August 18, he returned to Germany, where
he started studying Law, before returning to philosophy.
He died falling into the Charnadüra gorge, while walking on the
Swiss mountains, near Celerina, on October 28, 1901.
Academic and intellectual trainingedit]
In the history of ideas, he is known as a secondary figure through
his friendship withFriedrich Nietzschebut not as an important philosopher. The
most general judgments about his character and his work lead to
Nietzsche's formulations and their mutual friendLou Andreas-Salomé.
Deep reader ofDarwin, Schopenhauerand French writers such asThe
HeatheryLa RochefoucauldRée brought together his various studies under the title
Psychological observations that describe human nature through
of literary aphorisms and philosophical exegesis.
In 1875, Rée was qualified for his doctorate at the University of Halle. That
year produces a dissertation on 'the noble' in ethicsAristotle.
The origin of moral feelings was written largely in the autumn
from 1877, inSorrento, where Rée and Nietzsche worked together by invitation
ofMalwida von MeysenbugThe book seeks to answer two questions: in
first, Rée tries to explain the emergence of altruistic feelings in the
human beings. Secondly, he attempted to explain the interpretative process that
denotes altruistic feelings as moral.
Reiterating the conclusions of the psychological observations, Rée stated
that altruism was an innate human behavior strengthened over the course of
centuries for the selection.
Published in 1877, The Genesis of Moral Consciousness was his second book.
Rée announced in the prologue that his point of view was inductive. Rée in the first
place observed the empirical phenomena that he considered constituted nature
moral of man and then tried to investigate its origin.
Réee, following other philosophers, rejected the concept of free will. According to
he, the error of free will would reside behind the development of the feeling of
justice
The feeling of justice arises from two mistakes: because the punishments inflicted by the authorities and
Educators appear as acts of retribution, and because the people believe in free will.
Rée [1877] 2003
Rée rejected the metaphysical explanations of good and evil; he thought that the
the best explanations were those offered by Darwin andLamarck, who had
tracked moral phenomena back to their natural causes. Rée
he argued that our moral feelings were the result of changes
that had occurred over many generations.
Like Lamarck and Darwin, Rée argued that acquired habits could be
passed down to future generations, as innate characteristics. Like a
acquired habit, altruistic behavior eventually became a
innate characteristic. Altruistic behavior was so beneficial, it was stated
Rée, who came to be unconditionally praised, as something good in itself.
same, apart from its results.
Paul Rée and Lou Andreas-Saloméedit]
Ree was severely criticized by his friend Friedrich Nietzsche in the preface.
ofThe genealogy of morals.1In February 1882, visit to Nietzsche
inGenoa, where they have the opportunity to attend the performances ofThe
The Lady of the CamelliasofAlexandre Dumas sonwithSarah Bernhardtin the
main role. Then, responding to the invitation of Malwida von
Meysenbug moves toRome, after losing all his money in the casino
ofMonte Carlo. The same afternoon upon her arrival, she meets a "young Russian" who
will immediately attract your attention:Lou Andreas-Salomé.
Workedit]
Psychological Observations, 1875
The Origin of Moral Sentiments(Origin of the
moral feelings), 1877
The emergence of conscience(The Origin of Consciousness), 1885
The Illusion of Free Will, 1885
Collected Works, 1875-1885
Hubert Treiber, Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter Verlag, 2004.
Sources[edit]
Beckman, Tad, «The Case of Lou Salome, 1995
Friedrich Nietzsche, The Genealogy of Morals, trans. Andrés Sánchez
Pascual, Madrid: Alianza, 1972, introduction, §4
Paul Rée, The Origin of the Moral Sensations, ed. Robin Small
Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2003
Ludger Luetkehaus, A Holy Immoralist. Paul Rée (1849-1901).
Biographical Essay, Marburg: Basilisk Press, 2001
Ruth Stummann-Bowert (ed.), Malwida von Meysenbug-Paul Rée:
Letters to a Friend, Würzburg: Könighausen and Neumann
1998.
Thomas Lipton
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Thomas Lipton
Personal information
Birth May 10of1848
Glasgow(United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland)
Death October 2from1931(83 años)
London(United Kingdom)
Sepultura Southern Necropolis
Nationality British
Professional information
Occupation Trader, entrepreneurydeporttis
Notable works tea
Commander of the Royal Order
Distinctions
Victoriana
[edit data on Wikidata]
Shamrock III (circa 1899)
Thomas Johnstone LiptonGlasgow, May 10thof1850-London, 2 of
Octoberof1931) was a merchant and sailing enthusiastBritishcreator of
the famous brand ofteaLipton1and one of the most persistent competitors of
the history of theCopa América.2
Biography[edit]
In1865Lipton marched to theUnited Statesand there he held various jobs.
Returned toGreat Britainfive years later and opened his first store of
food in Glasgow. His company was successful and soon Lipton founded a
grocery store chain in Great Britain. While Lipton expanded
in his empire, tea prices were falling and food product sales
they were increasing among their middle-class clientele. In1888, when its chain
it had grown to reach 300 stores, entered the tea market.
He started using some wholesale distribution channels that allowed him
selling tea at unprecedented prices, thus reaching a sector of the market
still untapped: that formed by the working class. To guarantee the supply
from its stores with Lipton products bought its own plantations and founded the
famous tea brand Lipton that still exists today. It was also the first to
patent the tea bags.
The kingsEdward VIIyGeorge Vthey shared with Lipton his interest in sailing and
they enjoyed his company. Among1899y1930I challenge the holders
Americans of the Copa América through the nautical clubRoyal Ulster Yacht
ClubLipton was of descentIrish) on five occasions with their ships
called Shamrock (the last one was Shamrock V). Their advertised efforts to
to win the cup, which earned them a specially designed cup for 'The best'
of all the losers," they made their tea brand famous in the United States.
United. As a self-made man from the middle class, by
nature Lipton did not belong to the British upper class and theRoyal Yacht
Squadronhe did not admit it until shortly before he died. One of the legacies of Sir
Thomas Lipton has taken place since 1976 in Spanish waters, more
specifically in Javea (Alicante), where Thomas Lipton's family through
of its representative in Spain, donated a replica of one of the ships of
Lipton as a trophy for a regatta to Federico Gimeno, Commodore of the Club
Nautical of Javea back then. Mr. Richi's only condition,
representative for Spain of Lipton, was that this Trophy never leave
the facilities of the Javea Nautical Club, and presented to the winner
during all the editions. A plate would be added to its base with the
name of the winner of each edition.
In1905Lipton donated toArgentinayUruguaya cup to be played between
selected fromsoccerof both countries, which took the name ofCup of
Caridad Liptonand which constitutes the oldest among countries, of theRiver of the
SilverBefore the first took placeWorld Cup of
Footballin1930Thomas Lipton also organized theSir Thomas Lipton Trophy,
of international character, which was contested inTurin1909y1911.