1. What is Humidity?

The humidity parameter designates inmeteorologythe amount of steam of

water contained in the air, which is why it is also called "Humidity of the Air."
We cannot see humidity because water vapor is transparent, but if the
we can feel.

Humidity and Temperature

What does the amount of water that air can hold depend on?
Well, it depends on the temperature.

The higher the temperature of that air, the more water vapor it can hold.
it can contain the same air.
This means that the same air can be saturated with water vapor at a
temperature, but if we increase its temperature, we will be able to introduce more into it
vapor.

In other words.

How could we add more water vapor to saturated air?

Very simple... by increasing its temperature.

Look at the following image:
At higher temperatures, we have less relative humidity (later we will see what it is)
this), but the amount of water is the same.

That is because by increasing the temperature we can hold more water in that air.

The amount that at 100º no longer water could enter that air (at 100%), if it
we rise to 20º, since more water would now enter, that same amount of water no longer
it would be 100% of the total amount that air could have.

Unit of Measure
In general, we could take the unit of measure for humidity as grams per meter.
cubic.
g/m3 = grams of water per cubic meter of air.
With this unit, for example, we could say the maximum grams of water vapor that can
to have a cubic meter of a type of air at a certain temperature.

This is what is called absolute humidity, but normally it is distinguished between different types of.
moisture and different types of moisture measurement, as we will see below.

Types of Atmospheric Humidity

We have 3 different ways to measure this humidity depending on the type of humidity that
we want to measure: relative humidity, absolute humidity, and specific humidity.

Relative
There is always a certain amount of water in the atmosphere in the form of vapor, even if you can't see it.

The amount of water contained in the air is called humidity and is usually measured as humidity.
relative.
If the value of humidity is 50%, it means that at that moment the air contains 50%
water vapor relative to the maximum it could hold, which would be 100%.

Relative humidity is measured with a hygrometer that expresses the relative humidity of the air in
percentage.

Specific
Specific humidity refers to the amount of moisture inweight, that is
required to saturate a kilogram of dry air, that is, the grams of vapor of
water contained in 1 kg of dry air.
It is expressed in g/kg.

Specific humidity is very similar to absolute humidity, except that this

last, is based on grams per cubic meter, and the specific humidity, is
based on grams of moisture per kilogram of dry air.

Absolute
Another type of humidity, which is usually less common to measure, is humidity.
absolute and refers to the weight of water vapor per unit of volume.

Absolute humidity is called the weight in grams of the water vapor contained in 1
cubic meter of air.

It is expressed in gm3 (with average values of 10 to 12 g/m3, but it can reach up to

40 g/m3
Absolute and specific humidity are commonly used, in addition tometeorology,
to measure for example the humidity ofthe wood, in the materials of
construction, in cereals and coffee beans or also of paper, the material
textile and cotton.
These moisture levels are measured with instruments called 'moisture meters.'
Humidity.

[Link] IS TEMPERATURE?
Temperature is a concept that we all understand from experience.
We listen to the weather forecasts that tell us that today the temperature will be
72 °F. We heard from the doctors that the temperature of our body is
98.6 °F. When we touch an object, we can tell if it is hot or cold. If
if we place a hot object in contact with a cold one, the hot object will cool down
and the cold object will heat up. If we measure the temperatures of these two objects
After some time has passed, these will be the same. The two objects
they will then be in thermal equilibrium.
Reference (Bauer, W., Westfall, G. D. (2014). Physics for engineering and sciences.
McGraw-Hill. [Link]
Temperature is a physical quantity that indicates theinternal energyof
a body, or of athermodynamic systemin [Link]
thermodynamicsonly describes a macroscopic [Link]
temperature is defined as the measure of thekinetic energyaverage of
the molecules that compose [Link] is, the movements of the particles
inside it.

Whatarethetemperaturescales?
Themostcommonscalesare:

TheCelsius scalewhose units are expressed indegrees

Celsius.
TheKelvin scalewhose units are expressed in kelvin.
TheFahrenheit scalewhose units are theFahrenheitdegrees.
The scaleRankineitisdefinedbymeasuringindegreesFahrenheitabout
absolute [Link] Rankine scale does not have negative values.
[Link]
Celsiusis equivalent to one kelvin.
ThedifferencebetweentheCelsiusandKelvinscalesliesinthefixingoftheir
nullpoint:OntheCelsiusscale,0ºCcorrespondstothefreezingpointofwater.
freezing of water. On the scaleKelvin0 degrees corresponds to the
minimumlevelthatabodycouldtheoreticallyreach.

EFFECTS OF SOLAR RADIATION ON HEALTH:

Prolonged exposure to sun rays, in addition to causing sunstroke, also poses
at risk our epidermis, causing spots, sagging, premature aging and the
more serious, it also makes us susceptible to developing skin or eye cancer.

Considered a global public health problem, skin cancer has seen an increase.
significant compared to other neoplastic pathologies. In the last 50 years, the
skin glaucomas have increased by 300 percent in Mexico between 2008 and 2012,
The Institute of Cancerology ranked it as the third cause of visits for the first time.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RADIATION PROTECTION

ULTRAVIOLET
Healthy exposure to solar radiation provides us with physiological effects
positives: stimulate the synthesis of vitamin D, it prevents rickets and the
osteoporosis; favor the blood circulation; acts in the treatment of
some dermatoses and in some cases stimulates the synthesis of the
brain neurotransmitters responsible for mood. However, the
overexposure to solar radiation can have health implications (due to
for example, skin cancer.
It is noteworthy that the region with the lowest total ozone content globally is
the tropical zone that includes large areas of northern and central South America,
the tropical Atlantic and central Africa, where averages below are recorded
of 240 UD. These areas, where Colombia is included, are exposed to the
higher levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation at the surface worldwide
throughout the year. Therefore, it is recommended:

Avoid direct exposure to the Sun between 9 AM and 4 PM.

Afternoon. About 80% of UV radiation is received during this time period.
Increase the time spent in the shade. This is one of the main
defenses against solar radiation. Also use an umbrella as an important
protection measure.
Avoid UV radiation overdoses. Sunburn is a sign that your
The skin has literally received an overdose of UV radiation.
Use protective clothing when exposed to the Sun, that is, long-sleeved shirt.
and wide-brimmed hats to protect the eyes, face, ears, neck, and the
never. Also, take care of eyebrows, eyelids, and lips, as they are prone to staining;
these stains are difficult to manage, mostly irreversible, even with treatment
specialized. The feet and hands must be covered and protected.
Not all clothing offers adequate protection against UV radiation. The industry
textile already produces fabrics with the Radiation Protection Factor codes
Ultraviolet and whose use has been recommended by the World Cancer Foundation
of Skin. Materials like cotton provide protection no greater than 10,
while sunscreens are factor 15 or higher.
Protect your eyes with sunglasses that have UV protection and a design
enclosing or with side panels.
Do not buy glasses on the street. If possible, get those that fit your
specifications given by specialists. Go to safe and reliable sites.
The lips are also susceptible to damage from sun exposure. The Sun can
cause them dryness, cracks, and even bleeding wounds. Protect them with
products that contain sunscreen.
If you go swimming, use special goggles that have UVB and UVA filters.
Use broad-spectrum sunscreens on the skin with a protection factor
solar FPS since 30, how many times I need it, but don't fall into the mistake of
consider them so safe that they allow you to increase sun exposure. Keep in
it is said that, although sunscreens do not prevent cancer, they do protect the skin from
lesions that over time can become cancerous.
The sun protection factor (SPF, which indicates the time one can be exposed to the sun)
exposed person without getting burned and varies depending on skin type) recommended
for lighter skin, it ranges from 30 to 50, filtering between 96% and 98% of the
UVB radiation; also look for something that protects you from UVA radiation. The latter one
represent through the use of crosses on the label (three is the maximum protection) or
appears expressed in the words: high and very high. Finally, according to its
needs and activities, confirm if they are water and sweat resistant, if so
requires.
Although there are blockers with SPF reaching up to 100, keep in mind that
this is not an absolute protection and should be reapplied as many times as necessary.
Use sunscreen 30 minutes before sun exposure and reapply every 2.
at 4 hours. For example, every 2 hours in physical activity or at the beach, even if it says
what is waterproof.
 One should avoid exercising or exposing oneself to the Sun during noon, because
Even if the described measures are used, there will be an inevitable degree of exposure.
Even if the sky is cloudy, one can get burned. Burns and cancer of
skin is due to the UV component of sunlight and UV radiation can
to cross the clouds. For the above reason, sunscreen should be applied regardless of whether the
the day is cloudy or not, or the type of activity (sport, work, tourism). Up to 80%
UV radiation can penetrate light cloud cover.
Avoid solar tanning beds. The ultraviolet rays from these booths were
declared carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer,
a agency of the World Health Organization (WHO).
Tanning lotions do not protect; on the contrary, they have a very low SPF and
they make the skin more sensitive to the action of UV rays. If your intention is to darken the
skin, expose yourself to the Sun for several days, for short periods of time, without
to overdo it and always use sunscreen. Tanning is a form of defense.
of the organism against UV radiation damage.
The consumption of certain medications, as well as the use of perfumes and
Deodorants can sensitize the skin and cause serious burns when exposed.
to the Sun. Consult your doctor.
The damage caused by solar overexposure is cumulative in nature and its
effects can be seen at any time in adulthood. Although people
light-skinned individuals are more sensitive to UV radiation (especially if they have many
moles, as well as those with a family history of skin cancer), all
people must protect themselves from the sun's rays, even people of race
black whose skin has a superior natural defense but not enough to prevent the
future problems due to radiation. People with dark skin are sensitive to
the harmful effects of UV radiation, especially those that affect the eyes and
the immune system
Prolonged exposure to the sun during childhood increases the risk of suffering
skin cancer, subsequently, can also cause serious eye damage.
the skin of infants is very delicate and tends to burn quickly. This
burns, repeatedly, are a risk factor for skin cancer already
that the problems appear twenty to forty years later. The children
they require extra care and although protection is the responsibility of adults,
the earlier they learn to take care of themselves, the easier they will incorporate behaviors
Healthy. Protect yourself and set an example.
Children under one year old should never be directly exposed to the Sun.
They should be protected with hats and light cotton clothing.
Most of the exposure to UV radiation throughout your life,
It will have happened before the age of 18. Protect your children; they will have healthier skin.
you and looking younger all your life. If proper care has not been taken
protection, after the age of 20, aging begins to become noticeable, as
Gradually, there is a decrease in the production of collagen and elastin, replacement.
cellular and elimination of dead cells. At that moment signs begin to appear
like fine wrinkles, thin skin and other changes that cause the skin to become
flaccid.
After sunbathing, shower and apply a moisturizing cream.
If after sunbathing your skin looks red, consider yourself sunburned even if not.
feels pain. That tone (erythema) is a response to inflammation to the
irritation caused by UV rays, which means that there is already damage to the tissue
exposed and that requires relief. However, its effect becomes cumulative at the level of
the internal structures of the layers of the skin. In this case, suspend for several
 days of sun exposure and apply moisturizing substances such as aloe vera gels,
drink plenty of water, the skin must be hydrated from the inside as well. Avoid the use of
clothes or other products that cause discomfort, since the skin is injured and
It requires time to recover.
If your skin is not only red but also burning and painful, do not self-medicate. Consult a
doctor, as it may be a burn with a higher level of severity.
Remember that even if you don't feel the heat of the Sun, its rays can damage your skin and
the eyes. The damage is caused by UV radiation, which is neither seen nor felt, so it does not
don't be fooled by the mild temperatures.
It is advisable to consume foods high in antioxidants, such as
fresh fruits and vegetables, especially dark green ones like spinach and the
yellows. Similarly, a generous consumption of water is recommended.
It is also important to increase the intake of carotenes (which are found in
foods of orange or reddish coloration) and essential omega 3 oils (in
fish and nuts.
It is wrong to think that being in the swimming pool or the sea, the skin does not...
it will burn. Water provides minimal protection against UV radiation and
the reflections of the water can increase exposure (the dry sand of the beach reflects
about 15% of UV radiation, while seawater or pool water is 25%). A
half a meter deep in the water, the intensity of UV radiation is still
40% of the existing on the surface.
Local authorities are recommended to increase tree planting in
the cities and municipalities, to increase the possibility of generating shade to the
people exposed to the sun. It is also recommended that students (from kindergartens,
schools, colleges, and universities) do not conduct physical and cultural activities outdoors
free, I hope these are held in covered places like coliseums, sports complexes, among others
others. If it is inevitable to engage in outdoor activities, it should be prohibited that these are
carry out between 10 in the morning and 4 in the afternoon and have the students put in
practice the mentioned [Link] input. Please provide text to translate.
climate/recommendations-for-protection-against-ultraviolet-radiation (Links to a
external site.)
NOTE: Colleagues, I included all those recommendations since they are all very...
important and it would be very good to take them into account since the ozone layer is very
affected and solar radiation has increased.
I remain attentive to comments.

Types of Atmospheric Humidity

We have 3 different ways to measure this humidity depending on the type of humidity that
we want to measure: relative humidity, absolute humidity, and specific humidity.

Relative

In the atmosphere, there is always a certain amount of water in the form of vapor, even if you cannot see it.

The amount of water contained in the air is called humidity and is usually measured as humidity.
relative.
If the humidity value is 50%, it means that at that moment the air contains a
50% water vapor compared to the maximum it could hold, which would be 100%.

Relative humidity is measured with a hygrometer that expresses the relative humidity of the air.
in percentage (%).

Specific

Specific humidity refers to the amount of moisture inweight, what is required for
to saturate one kilogram of dry air, that is, the grams of water vapor contained in 1 kg
of dry air.

It is expressed in g/kg.

Specific humidity is very similar to absolute humidity, except that the latter is
based on grams per cubic meter, and the specific humidity, it is based on grams of
humidity per kilogram of dry air.

Absolute

Another type of humidity, which is usually less frequent to measure, is absolute humidity and it
refers to the weight of water vapor per unit of volume.

Absolute humidity is called the weight in grams of the water vapor contained in 1 meter.
cubic meter of air.

It is expressed in gm3 (with average values from 10 to 12 g/m3, but it can reach up to 40 g/m3)

Absolute and specific humidity are often used, in addition to meteorology, for measurement.
for example the moisture of wood, in construction materials, in cereals and
coffee beans or also from paper, textile material, and cotton.

These dampness levels are measured with instruments called 'moisture meters.'