Bộ 100 đề Writing Task 2 (Full Coverage)

1. Education
1. Some people believe exams are the best way to assess students. To what extent do
you agree?

📝 Bài A+ (Đồng ý: Exams là cách tốt nhất)

Introduction
It is often argued that examinations represent the most effective means of assessing students’
academic performance. While alternative methods such as coursework or group projects exist,
this essay contends that exams remain the fairest and most reliable measure of achievement.
Body 1 – Exams ensure fairness and standardisation
Examinations provide a standardised framework that allows students to be judged under
identical conditions. By testing knowledge within a set time and without external assistance,
exams minimise the influence of background advantages such as parental support or access to
resources. For instance, university entrance tests are widely regarded as impartial precisely
because they place all candidates under the same constraints. Admittedly, some argue that
time pressure may disadvantage students who perform poorly under stress. However, this
pressure mirrors real-life challenges, where decision-making often occurs under strict
deadlines. Hence, exams remain both equitable and practical as a form of assessment.
Body 2 – Exams promote discipline and mastery
In addition, examinations incentivise students to develop consistent study habits and
demonstrate mastery of material. Preparing for tests encourages systematic review,
reinforcing long-term retention of knowledge. For example, studies in educational psychology
show that students who revise for high-stakes exams retain information more effectively than
those assessed only through continuous assignments. Critics may contend that such
preparation leads to rote memorisation rather than genuine understanding. Yet, well-designed
exams increasingly incorporate analytical and application-based questions, ensuring that
higher-order thinking is assessed rather than mere recall. Thus, examinations remain
indispensable in cultivating both discipline and intellectual rigour.
Conclusion
In conclusion, despite minor drawbacks, examinations continue to represent the most effective
and equitable means of assessing student performance. Ultimately, their standardised nature
and ability to foster mastery make them superior to alternative assessment methods.

📝 Bài A- (Phản đối: Exams không phải cách tốt nhất)

Introduction
Some argue that examinations are the most reliable tool for measuring students’ abilities. This
essay disagrees with such a view, maintaining that while exams have certain merits,
continuous assessment methods such as coursework and projects provide a more accurate and
holistic evaluation of student performance.
Body 1 – Limitations of exams
Examinations often capture performance under artificial conditions rather than genuine
ability. Students are required to demonstrate knowledge within a narrow timeframe, which
can disadvantage those who understand the material but struggle with time pressure or test
anxiety. For instance, many gifted students underperform in high-stakes exams despite
consistently excelling in class discussions and assignments. Some may argue that such stress
is reflective of real-world challenges. However, most professions value collaboration,
research, and creativity—qualities that timed exams fail to measure. Consequently, exams
alone provide an incomplete and sometimes distorted picture of student competence.
Body 2 – Strengths of alternative assessments
By contrast, continuous assessments such as essays, presentations, and projects capture a
broader range of skills. These methods allow students to demonstrate research ability,
teamwork, and communication—competencies increasingly vital in modern workplaces. The
International Baccalaureate programme, for example, combines coursework with oral
presentations, which has been praised for fostering well-rounded learners. Admittedly,
coursework may be vulnerable to outside help from parents or tutors. Yet schools can mitigate
this risk through supervision, plagiarism checks, and oral defences of written work. Therefore,
when properly administered, continuous assessment offers a more authentic measure of
student ability than examinations alone.
Conclusion
To conclude, while exams provide some benefits, they are neither the fairest nor the most
comprehensive method of assessment. Ultimately, continuous and varied forms of evaluation
offer a more accurate reflection of student learning and potential.

2. Some say schools should focus on academic subjects, while others argue practical
skills are equally important. Discuss both views.

📝 Bài A+ (thiên về academic subjects quan trọng hơn)

Introduction
Some people contend that schools should prioritise academic disciplines, while others believe
that practical skills warrant equal attention. This essay argues that while vocational
competencies have value, schools fulfil their primary mission by focusing on academic
foundations that underpin intellectual development and future opportunities.
Body 1 – Why academic subjects should dominate
Supporters highlight that subjects like mathematics, science, and literature cultivate analytical
thinking and knowledge essential for higher education and professional advancement. A solid
academic foundation enables students to adapt to evolving labour markets and contribute to
research, innovation, and governance. For example, nations such as South Korea and Finland,
which emphasise rigorous academic curricula, consistently produce highly skilled graduates
sought after worldwide. Admittedly, some critics may contend that this approach overlooks
immediate employability, particularly for students uninterested in university. However, such
drawbacks can be addressed through specialised institutes and on-the-job training outside
mainstream schooling. Thus, a strong academic core equips students with transferable
cognitive skills that remain valuable across contexts.
Body 2 – Limitations of focusing on practical skills
Advocates for practical education argue that schools should prepare students directly for the
workforce by teaching skills such as carpentry, financial literacy, or basic IT. These abilities
undeniably help young people navigate everyday life and secure employment more quickly.
Yet, the impact of such training is often narrow and risks becoming obsolete as technology
advances. For instance, teaching manual repair skills may lose relevance in an era of
automation, whereas critical thinking developed through academics allows lifelong
adaptability. While it could be argued that practical competencies promote independence,
these are better cultivated through extracurricular programmes rather than replacing core
academic content. Consequently, schools should prioritise academic learning, leaving
vocational expertise to complementary channels.
Conclusion
In conclusion, although practical skills have situational benefits, they cannot substitute for the
enduring value of academic knowledge. Ultimately, schools best serve society by prioritising
intellectual foundations while allowing vocational training to remain supplementary.

📝 Bài A- (thiên về practical skills quan trọng ngang bằng)

Introduction
While some insist that schools should devote themselves primarily to academic disciplines,
others maintain that practical skills deserve equal emphasis. This essay argues that although
academic subjects foster intellectual growth, practical competencies are equally indispensable
for preparing students to navigate real-life challenges and thrive in diverse career paths.
Body 1 – Why practical skills matter
Supporters point out that knowledge of carpentry, cooking, financial literacy, or first aid
directly equips students to handle daily responsibilities and emergencies. These skills also
enhance employability for those not pursuing higher education, bridging the gap between
school and the labour market. For example, Germany’s dual-education system, which
combines academic learning with vocational training, has kept youth unemployment rates
among the lowest in Europe. Admittedly, critics may argue that such an approach limits
students’ academic depth. Yet, balanced curricula ensure that practical subjects complement
rather than dilute core knowledge, thereby offering a more holistic education. Thus,
integrating practical skills empowers students to be self-reliant and career-ready.
Body 2 – Weaknesses of academic exclusivity
While academic knowledge undeniably fosters critical thinking, an overemphasis on abstract
subjects can alienate students who are more inclined toward applied learning. Excessive focus
on exam preparation risks producing graduates adept at theory but ill-equipped to manage
finances, household tasks, or basic digital skills. Some may argue that these competencies can
be learned informally outside school. However, leaving them to chance exacerbates
inequality, as not all families can provide adequate training. Consequently, without
institutional support, many young people enter adulthood underprepared for practical realities.
Conclusion
To conclude, although academic instruction remains vital, practical skills must receive equal
attention to ensure students leave school equipped for both intellectual pursuits and everyday
life. Ultimately, balanced curricula create adaptable citizens capable of thriving in both theory
and practice.

3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad?

Introduction
In recent decades, an increasing number of students have chosen to pursue their education
overseas rather than in their home countries. Although studying abroad can broaden students’
horizons and improve their career prospects, it may also create financial burdens and
emotional challenges that need to be carefully considered.
Body 1 – Advantages
One of the most significant advantages of studying abroad is the opportunity for academic and
cultural enrichment. Exposure to diverse teaching methodologies and advanced research
facilities often allows students to acquire knowledge and skills unavailable in their home
institutions. For instance, international students in the United States frequently gain hands-on
experience in cutting-edge laboratories, which greatly enhances their employability upon
graduation. Moreover, living in a foreign country enables students to develop cross-cultural
competence, adaptability, and linguistic proficiency, all of which are increasingly valuable in
a globalized job market. Therefore, international study can function as both an educational
investment and a long-term career accelerator.
Body 2 – Disadvantages
However, the drawbacks of studying abroad should not be overlooked. A primary concern is
the substantial financial strain, as tuition fees and living expenses in developed countries can
far exceed what many families can afford. For example, international students in the United
Kingdom often incur debts exceeding £30,000, which can take years to repay. In addition,
young students may face emotional challenges such as homesickness, cultural isolation, or
difficulties in building social support networks. While some argue that these hardships foster
resilience and independence, it is equally valid to contend that they may negatively affect
academic performance and mental health. Hence, the disadvantages of overseas study, though
sometimes downplayed, can significantly undermine its potential benefits.
Conclusion
In conclusion, studying abroad offers considerable advantages in terms of academic
development, cultural exposure, and career advancement, yet it also entails notable financial
and emotional risks. For many students, the ultimate value of the experience depends on their
capacity to balance these benefits against the challenges.

📝 Bài A+ (Advantages > Disadvantages)

Introduction
Studying abroad has become an increasingly common choice for students seeking higher
education. While it entails certain drawbacks, this essay argues that the advantages far
outweigh the disadvantages, particularly in terms of academic enrichment, cultural exposure,
and long-term career opportunities.
Body 1 – Advantages
One significant advantage of studying abroad is access to world-class academic resources and
teaching methods. Students benefit not only from specialised courses unavailable in their
home countries but also from exposure to innovative pedagogies. For example, international
students in the United States often engage in interdisciplinary research projects that sharpen
both critical thinking and practical skills. Admittedly, not every student fully utilises these
resources, and some may struggle with unfamiliar academic systems. Nevertheless, the
majority gain valuable insights and skills that enhance both personal and professional
development. Hence, the academic benefits alone justify the decision to study overseas.
Body 2 – Further advantages outweighing disadvantages
Another compelling benefit is the opportunity for cultural immersion and global networking.
Living abroad enables students to develop cross-cultural competence, language proficiency,
and adaptability—qualities highly prized in the global labour market. A recent survey by the
British Council revealed that graduates with international experience are significantly more
employable worldwide. Critics may contend that studying abroad creates social isolation or
cultural shock, which can hinder learning. However, such challenges typically diminish over
time, often replaced by resilience and confidence. Therefore, although temporary difficulties
exist, the long-term rewards in employability and cultural capital far surpass the drawbacks.
Conclusion
In conclusion, although studying abroad may involve challenges such as adaptation
difficulties, the academic and cultural advantages are profound and enduring. Ultimately,
pursuing education abroad equips students with skills and opportunities that clearly outweigh
its disadvantages.

📝 Bài A- (Disadvantages > Advantages)

Introduction
Studying abroad is often regarded as a gateway to better education and broader opportunities.
However, this essay maintains that the disadvantages—including financial strain, cultural
difficulties, and the risk of brain drain—outweigh the potential advantages.
Body 1 – Disadvantages
A major drawback of studying abroad is the immense financial burden it places on students
and their families. Tuition fees, accommodation, and living expenses in host countries often
exceed what local students pay, resulting in heavy debt. For instance, many international
graduates in the United States begin their careers with substantial student loans, delaying
milestones such as home ownership or entrepreneurship. Some may argue that scholarships
and part-time work can offset these costs. Yet such opportunities are limited and highly
competitive, meaning financial pressure remains a persistent disadvantage. Thus, the
economic strain is a decisive barrier to the long-term benefits of overseas study.
Body 2 – Further disadvantages outweighing advantages
Another critical issue is cultural adjustment, which frequently leads to social isolation and
psychological stress. Students may face language barriers, discrimination, or homesickness,
all of which can undermine academic performance. A study by the Journal of International
Education found that nearly 40% of foreign students experience moderate to severe mental
health challenges. Admittedly, exposure to diverse cultures can foster resilience and
adaptability. Nonetheless, these gains are neither universal nor guaranteed, as some students
return home early due to insurmountable difficulties. Therefore, the risks of cultural alienation
outweigh the uncertain promise of cross-cultural growth.
Conclusion
In summary, while studying abroad offers certain academic and cultural benefits, the
overwhelming financial and emotional costs make it a less favourable option. Ultimately, the
disadvantages often outweigh the advantages, suggesting that local education may be a more
sustainable and equitable choice.

4. Many children leave school without basic literacy. What problems does this cause
and how can it be solved?

📝 Phiên bản 1: Causes & Solutions

Introduction
A considerable number of children complete their schooling without acquiring even basic
literacy skills. This essay argues that such educational failure is primarily driven by socio-
economic inequality and ineffective teaching, and proposes targeted reforms in both policy
and pedagogy as remedies.
Body 1 – Causes
One major cause is persistent poverty, which prevents children from accessing adequate
learning resources. In disadvantaged households, students often lack books, internet access, or
even sufficient nutrition, making it difficult to concentrate and learn. UNESCO reports that
malnourished children are 20% more likely to struggle with reading comprehension.
Admittedly, some argue that dedicated students can still succeed without material support.
Yet, such cases are exceptions, and systemic deprivation ensures that the majority remain
disadvantaged. Thus, poverty entrenches a cycle of illiteracy.
Body 2 – Solutions
Addressing this issue requires a dual strategy of policy investment and pedagogical
innovation. Governments should subsidise school meals, provide free textbooks, and ensure
universal internet access, thereby removing material barriers to learning. At the same time,
teachers must be trained in evidence-based literacy instruction, such as phonics and one-to-
one tutoring. Critics may contend that these interventions are prohibitively expensive.
However, the long-term social cost of illiteracy—including unemployment and crime—far
outweighs the initial investment. Therefore, comprehensive reform is both necessary and
economically rational.
Conclusion
In summary, widespread illiteracy stems largely from poverty and inadequate teaching. With
targeted government support and improved instructional practices, these barriers can be
dismantled, ensuring all children acquire essential literacy.

📝 Phiên bản 2: Effects & Solutions

Introduction
The fact that many children leave school without basic literacy is a pressing concern. This
essay argues that illiteracy not only perpetuates social inequality but also undermines
economic development, and suggests policy and educational solutions to mitigate these
consequences.
Body 1 – Effects
Illiteracy significantly exacerbates social inequality by limiting individuals’ access to
employment and civic participation. Those who cannot read or write are often confined to
low-wage, insecure jobs, reinforcing generational poverty. For example, in rural India,
surveys indicate that adults with no literacy are twice as likely to remain unemployed
compared to their literate peers. Admittedly, some manual labour opportunities exist for non-
literate workers. Yet, in modern economies driven by information and technology, these roles
are shrinking, rendering illiteracy increasingly disabling. Thus, lack of literacy deepens social
exclusion.
Body 2 – Solutions
To address these consequences, governments must combine remedial and preventive
strategies. Adult literacy programmes can equip those already affected with essential skills,
while schools must adopt early intervention policies such as literacy screening and individual
support plans. Some critics argue that remedial programmes are ineffective for older learners.
Nevertheless, evidence from Brazil’s “Paulo Freire” initiative shows that adult literacy
training significantly improves employment prospects and community engagement. Hence, a
two-pronged approach targeting both current and future generations is the most pragmatic
solution.
Conclusion
In conclusion, illiteracy perpetuates poverty and widens inequality, threatening both
individuals and national economies. By investing in adult literacy schemes and preventive
education, societies can mitigate these adverse effects and foster inclusive growth.

5. Should universities prioritize research or teaching? Give your opinion.

📝 Bài A+ (ủng hộ research là ưu tiên hàng đầu)

Introduction
A persistent debate concerns whether universities should focus primarily on research or
teaching. This essay argues that while quality teaching is important, prioritizing research
better fulfils the institutional role of advancing knowledge and driving societal progress.
Body 1 – Research as the core mission
Proponents contend that research is the defining function of higher education. Universities are
uniquely positioned to generate new knowledge through scientific inquiry, technological
innovation, and policy insights. For example, breakthroughs in medical science, from
vaccines to cancer treatments, often originate in university laboratories. Admittedly, some
may argue that excessive focus on research risks neglecting students’ learning experience.
However, research-led teaching enriches the classroom by exposing learners to cutting-edge
findings, thereby enhancing rather than undermining education. Thus, research is not only
central to universities’ global contribution but also indirectly strengthens pedagogy.
Body 2 – Research as a driver of national development
Equally significant, prioritizing research fuels economic and social development. Investment
in university research underpins national competitiveness in areas such as renewable energy,
artificial intelligence, and biotechnology. Germany’s Fraunhofer Institutes, closely tied to
universities, exemplify how research transforms into industrial innovation and public benefit.
Admittedly, critics may contend that teaching has a more immediate and tangible impact, as
graduates directly enter the workforce. Yet without the research underpinning, the knowledge
transmitted in classrooms soon becomes obsolete. Therefore, by leading the frontiers of
discovery, universities ensure that what is taught remains relevant and future-oriented.
Conclusion
In summary, while teaching is indispensable, research constitutes the defining mission of
universities. By prioritizing inquiry and innovation, institutions not only advance human
knowledge but also secure long-term benefits for both students and society.

📝 Bài A- (ủng hộ teaching là ưu tiên hàng đầu)

Introduction
Universities are often seen as institutions for both research and teaching, yet the question
remains which should take precedence. This essay argues that while research plays an
important role, universities should primarily prioritize teaching, as their foremost duty is to
educate and prepare future generations.
Body 1 – Teaching as universities’ immediate responsibility
Supporters maintain that teaching directly fulfils universities’ obligation to students. High-
quality instruction equips learners with knowledge, critical thinking, and employable skills,
which are the most immediate outcomes expected by individuals and families investing in
higher education. For example, countries like Finland, renowned for prioritizing pedagogical
excellence, consistently produce graduates who thrive in diverse professional fields.
Admittedly, it is true that research generates new insights, but such advances are of little value
if students cannot comprehend or apply them. Thus, teaching ensures that knowledge is
effectively transmitted and translated into real-world capacity.
Body 2 – Teaching as the foundation of societal progress
Furthermore, prioritizing teaching fosters social equity and collective advancement.
Accessible, high-quality education enables upward mobility and empowers citizens to
participate meaningfully in civic life. For instance, nations that emphasize teaching quality,
such as South Korea, have witnessed rapid socio-economic development driven by an
educated workforce. Critics may argue that without research, universities risk stagnation and
irrelevance. However, research can flourish in specialized institutes and private sectors,
whereas only universities carry the formal mandate to educate large populations. Therefore,
teaching should remain the central priority to maximize universities’ contribution to society.
Conclusion
In conclusion, although research is valuable, universities fundamentally exist to educate. By
prioritizing teaching, they fulfil their duty to students, promote social equality, and ensure that
the benefits of higher learning extend across generations.

2. Health
6. Governments should ban fast food to improve public health. Do you agree or
disagree?

📝 Bài A+ (ủng hộ cấm fast food)

Introduction
Many people argue that banning fast food is the most effective way for governments to
improve public health. I fully agree with this view, as such a measure can significantly reduce
obesity, prevent chronic illnesses, and encourage healthier lifestyles.
Body 1 – Reducing obesity and chronic diseases
Supporters maintain that fast food consumption is a major contributor to obesity and related
diseases. These foods are typically high in fat, sugar, and salt, which increase the risk of heart
disease, diabetes, and other health problems. For instance, countries with higher fast food
consumption, such as the United States, exhibit some of the highest obesity rates globally.
Admittedly, some might argue that individuals should take personal responsibility for their
diet. However, the pervasive marketing and easy availability of fast food often override
personal choice, making regulation necessary. Therefore, banning fast food can directly
reduce public health risks associated with unhealthy diets.
Body 2 – Encouraging healthier habits
Beyond disease prevention, banning fast food fosters healthier eating habits and social
awareness about nutrition. With limited access to unhealthy options, people are more likely to
consume fresh produce and home-cooked meals, which can instill long-term healthy habits.
Critics may contend that such a ban is restrictive and infringes on personal freedom.
Nevertheless, governments already regulate many harmful products, such as tobacco and
alcohol, to protect citizens. In this context, limiting fast food consumption is a reasonable
intervention to promote societal well-being.
Conclusion
In conclusion, prohibiting fast food is a justified and effective strategy to improve public
health. By reducing obesity and encouraging healthier diets, such a measure can significantly
enhance population well-being.

📝 Bài A- (phản đối cấm fast food)

Introduction
Some argue that banning fast food is the optimal solution to improve public health. I,
however, disagree, as prohibition alone is unlikely to solve health issues and may produce
unintended consequences.
Body 1 – Ineffectiveness of prohibition
Critics of banning fast food argue that restriction does not address the root causes of
unhealthy diets. People often overconsume processed foods due to lack of nutrition education
and busy lifestyles, not merely availability. For example, countries with high regulation still
face obesity problems if citizens are uninformed about diet and portion control. Admittedly,
reducing access may lower consumption temporarily. However, without complementary
education and awareness campaigns, individuals will simply seek alternatives, limiting the
policy’s long-term effectiveness.
Body 2 – Alternative measures
Rather than banning fast food, governments can implement policies that promote healthy
choices while preserving personal freedom. Measures such as nutritional labelling, taxation on
sugary drinks, subsidies for fruits and vegetables, and public education campaigns have
proven effective. For instance, Mexico’s sugar tax led to a significant reduction in sugary
drink consumption without banning products outright. Some may claim that these measures
are slower than an outright ban. Yet, evidence suggests that sustainable behavioural change
requires awareness and choice, not coercion. Therefore, public health can be better improved
through education and incentives than through prohibition.
Conclusion
In summary, while banning fast food may seem an expedient solution, it does not address
underlying causes and may provoke resistance. Effective public health strategies should
combine education, fiscal incentives, and accessible healthy options to produce lasting
improvements.

7. Some believe physical education should be compulsory at school, others disagree.

Discuss both views.

📝 Bài A+ (ủng hộ thể dục bắt buộc)

Introduction
Many argue that physical education (PE) should be a mandatory component of the school
curriculum, while others contend that it is unnecessary. This essay contends that compulsory
PE is essential, as it promotes physical health, cultivates life skills, and supports academic
performance.
Body 1 – Health benefits
Proponents maintain that mandatory PE ensures students engage in regular physical activity,
which is crucial for preventing obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and mental health issues such
as stress and anxiety. For example, countries like Finland incorporate daily PE in schools,
resulting in lower obesity rates and higher overall fitness among students compared to
countries with optional PE. Admittedly, some may argue that students can exercise
independently outside school. However, relying solely on voluntary activity often leads to
inactivity due to lack of motivation or access. Therefore, compulsory PE guarantees
consistent participation, ensuring all students gain the health benefits.
Body 2 – Development of skills and academic support
Beyond health, PE cultivates essential life skills, including teamwork, discipline, and
resilience. Activities such as team sports and group exercises teach cooperation, time
management, and goal-setting. Moreover, research indicates that regular physical activity
enhances cognitive function, concentration, and memory, indirectly supporting academic
achievement. Some critics claim that PE reduces time available for core subjects like
mathematics or science. Nevertheless, well-structured PE programs complement academic
learning rather than detract from it, as physically active students tend to perform better in
examinations and maintain higher attention spans.
Conclusion
In conclusion, while some may question its necessity, compulsory physical education is
indispensable in fostering both the physical and mental development of students. Schools
should therefore mandate PE as a core part of the curriculum to promote lifelong health and
essential life skills.

📝 Bài A- (phản đối thể dục bắt buộc)

Introduction
It is often argued that physical education should be compulsory in schools, whereas others
maintain that students should have the freedom to choose their activities. This essay argues
that making PE mandatory is unnecessary, as its benefits can be achieved through voluntary
participation and a broader focus on individualized learning.
Body 1 – Autonomy and voluntary exercise
Critics of compulsory PE contend that students are more likely to engage meaningfully in
physical activity when it is self-chosen. For instance, some adolescents may prefer running,
swimming, or martial arts outside school rather than structured team sports in class.
Admittedly, mandatory PE guarantees exposure to exercise. However, forcing participation
can lead to resentment, lack of effort, or even avoidance, undermining the intended health
benefits. Therefore, promoting voluntary exercise programs and providing resources may be
more effective than enforcing a rigid curriculum.
Body 2 – Academic priorities and resource allocation
Furthermore, compulsory PE may divert time and resources from core academic subjects or
specialized extracurricular activities. Schools with limited budgets might struggle to provide
adequate facilities or qualified instructors, reducing the quality of both PE and academic
programs. Some advocates argue that PE improves focus and learning indirectly.
Nevertheless, schools can achieve these cognitive and mental health benefits through shorter,
optional activity breaks, mindfulness programs, or well-being education, which respect
students’ autonomy while still supporting overall development.
Conclusion
In summary, while physical activity is undeniably important, making PE compulsory is not
the only or necessarily the best way to promote it. Encouraging voluntary participation and
integrating flexible well-being programs provide a more balanced and effective approach to
supporting students’ physical and mental health.

8. What are the benefits and drawbacks of relying on traditional medicine?

Introduction
Traditional medicine, encompassing practices such as herbal remedies, acupuncture, and
spiritual healing, has been used for centuries across various cultures. Although it provides
holistic care and greater accessibility, its lack of scientific verification and potential risks
indicate that traditional medicine should complement rather than replace modern healthcare.

Body 1 – Benefits of traditional medicine

One of the main advantages of traditional medicine is its holistic approach, which addresses
both physical and mental well-being. Unlike conventional medicine, which often targets
specific symptoms, traditional practices consider lifestyle, diet, and emotional balance,
contributing to overall health. For instance, Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine
incorporate dietary adjustments and stress management alongside treatment, which can
prevent illnesses from developing in the first place. Moreover, traditional medicine is often
more affordable and readily available, particularly in rural or underserved areas where modern
healthcare is limited. Admittedly, some may argue that modern medicine offers faster or more
targeted relief; nevertheless, the preventive and integrative nature of traditional practices
provides long-term benefits that conventional methods may not achieve.

Body 2 – Drawbacks of traditional medicine

Despite these advantages, relying exclusively on traditional medicine carries notable
drawbacks. Many treatments lack rigorous scientific validation, which makes their
effectiveness uncertain. For example, herbal remedies, if misused or contaminated, may cause
adverse effects or even toxicity. Additionally, exclusive reliance on traditional approaches can
delay the diagnosis and treatment of serious conditions such as infections, cardiovascular
diseases, or cancer. Some proponents argue that centuries of use indicate safety and efficacy;
however, historical prevalence does not substitute for clinical evidence. Consequently, while
traditional medicine can enhance healthcare, it should function as a complementary approach
rather than a standalone solution.

Conclusion
In conclusion, traditional medicine offers clear benefits, including a holistic perspective and
accessibility, yet its unverified nature and potential health risks prevent it from being a
sufficient substitute for modern medicine. Therefore, integrating traditional practices with
evidence-based healthcare represents the most balanced and effective strategy to promote
public health.

9. Obesity is becoming a major problem in many countries. What causes this and what
can be done?

📝 Phiên bản 1: Causes & Solutions

Introduction
Obesity has emerged as a serious public health issue in numerous countries. This essay argues
that unhealthy diets and sedentary lifestyles are the primary drivers of this epidemic, and that
targeted interventions in nutrition and physical activity are necessary to curb its prevalence.
Body 1 – Causes
A principal cause of obesity is the widespread consumption of calorie-dense, nutrient-poor
foods. Fast food, sugary snacks, and sugary beverages have become staples in many
households, particularly in urban areas. Research by the World Health Organization indicates
that excessive sugar intake significantly contributes to weight gain and related illnesses.
Admittedly, genetics may predispose some individuals to obesity. However, environmental
and lifestyle factors are far more influential at the population level, making poor dietary habits
the dominant cause.
Body 2 – Solutions
Addressing obesity requires a combination of public education and structural measures.
Governments should implement campaigns promoting balanced diets, regulate advertising of
unhealthy foods to children, and incentivize supermarkets to offer affordable fresh produce.
At the same time, communities must encourage physical activity through accessible parks,
walking paths, and school-based exercise programmes. Critics may argue that such
interventions are intrusive or costly. Yet the long-term economic and social costs of obesity,
including healthcare expenditures and reduced productivity, far outweigh these initial
investments. Consequently, comprehensive strategies are both socially and economically
justified.
Conclusion
In conclusion, unhealthy diets and sedentary habits are the main contributors to the rising
obesity rates. Through public education, regulatory measures, and promotion of physical
activity, governments and communities can effectively tackle this growing problem.

📝 Phiên bản 2: Effects & Solutions

Introduction
Obesity has become a major concern worldwide due to its far-reaching consequences. This
essay contends that the health, social, and economic impacts of obesity are severe, and that
governments and societies must implement multifaceted measures to mitigate these effects.
Body 1 – Effects
Obesity has serious health repercussions, including increased risk of diabetes, cardiovascular
disease, and certain cancers. In addition, it often leads to psychological issues such as low
self-esteem and depression. Economically, obese populations place a heavy burden on
healthcare systems, raising public expenditure. Some may argue that individuals should be
personally responsible for their weight. However, the pervasive availability of unhealthy
foods and sedentary entertainment limits personal choice, making obesity a societal issue
rather than merely an individual one.
Body 2 – Solutions
To alleviate these consequences, governments should adopt both preventive and remedial
approaches. Preventive measures include nutrition education, stricter regulation of food
marketing, and urban planning that encourages physical activity. Remedial strategies, such as
subsidized medical treatment and support programmes for weight management, can help
those already affected. Critics might claim that such interventions infringe on personal
freedom. Nevertheless, protecting public health and reducing the societal burden of obesity
justify such measures. Thus, a combination of preventive and remedial policies is essential.
Conclusion
In summary, obesity has profound health, social, and economic effects that cannot be ignored.
By implementing comprehensive preventive and remedial strategies, societies can mitigate
these impacts and promote healthier populations.

10. Is it more important to prevent illness or to cure disease? Discuss both views and
give your opinion.

📝 Bài A+ (ủng hộ phòng bệnh quan trọng hơn chữa bệnh)

Introduction
Many argue that preventing illnesses should be prioritised over treating diseases, whereas
others contend that curing patients is more critical. This essay will discuss both perspectives
before asserting that preventive measures offer greater long-term benefits to individuals and
society.
Body 1 – Importance of prevention
Advocates of prevention claim that it is more effective to stop illnesses before they occur.
Immunisation programmes, regular health screenings, and public education on nutrition and
hygiene can drastically reduce the incidence of both chronic and infectious diseases. For
example, countries with comprehensive vaccination schedules, such as Japan, have
successfully eradicated or minimised outbreaks of diseases like measles and polio.
Admittedly, critics may argue that preventive measures require long-term investment and
compliance, which is not always guaranteed. However, the reduction in disease burden and
healthcare costs clearly demonstrates that proactive strategies are more efficient than reactive
treatment. Thus, prevention not only safeguards health but also alleviates pressure on
healthcare systems.
Body 2 – Supporting societal and economic benefits
Beyond individual health, prevention reduces economic strain by lowering the costs
associated with hospitalisation and long-term care. Chronic illnesses such as diabetes and
heart disease, if left unmanaged, often lead to costly complications. A preventative approach,
through lifestyle interventions and early detection, mitigates these expenses. Some may
counter that curing diseases can achieve immediate life-saving results. Yet, treatment alone
does not prevent recurrence or future outbreaks, whereas preventive policies create a healthier
population overall. Therefore, prevention offers both medical and economic advantages that
treatment alone cannot match.
Conclusion
In conclusion, while curing diseases remains vital for those already affected, prioritising
prevention provides broader and more sustainable benefits. Ultimately, societies should invest
in preventive measures as the cornerstone of public health.

📝 Bài A- (ủng hộ chữa bệnh quan trọng hơn phòng bệnh)

Introduction
There is debate over whether preventing illness or curing disease should take precedence.
Although prevention has its merits, this essay argues that curing diseases is ultimately more
crucial, as it addresses immediate human suffering and saves lives.
Body 1 – Immediate impact of curing diseases
Proponents of treatment emphasise that curing patients addresses urgent medical needs.
Regardless of preventive efforts, illnesses will inevitably occur, and timely medical
interventions are essential to reduce mortality and suffering. For instance, the development of
antibiotics and antiviral drugs has saved millions of lives worldwide, demonstrating that cures
directly and tangibly protect individuals. Admittedly, some suggest that prevention could
reduce such occurrences. However, preventive measures cannot assist those already sick,
whereas effective treatment ensures survival and recovery. Therefore, curing diseases remains
indispensable for immediate health protection.
Body 2 – Supporting social and ethical imperatives
Beyond individual survival, treatment carries strong ethical and social obligations. Access to
effective cures upholds the right to life and alleviates suffering, particularly in epidemics or
critical conditions. Critics may argue that focusing on treatment diverts resources from
preventive programmes. Nevertheless, without the ability to cure serious illnesses, prevention
alone cannot guarantee public safety or social stability. Consequently, healthcare systems
must prioritise curative interventions alongside preventive measures to ensure comprehensive
care.
Conclusion
In summary, while preventive strategies are valuable for long-term health, curing diseases
addresses immediate threats and human suffering more effectively. Hence, treatment should
be considered the foremost priority in public health planning.

3. Family & Children

11. Parents should be held legally responsible for their children’s actions. Do you agree?
12. Some think children should be given complete freedom, others believe strict rules are
necessary. Discuss both views.
13. What are the advantages and disadvantages of having children later in life?
14. Many children spend too much time online. What problems does this create and how
can parents solve them?
15. Should grandparents play a role in raising children? Give reasons and examples.

4. Work & Employment

16. People should work fewer hours to improve life quality. Do you agree?
17. Some say job satisfaction is more important than salary, others disagree. Discuss both
views.
18. What are the advantages and disadvantages of working from home?
19. Youth unemployment is increasing worldwide. What are the causes and solutions?
20. Should governments fund retraining programs for workers losing jobs due to
technology?

5. Society & Culture

21. People are becoming more selfish. Do you agree or disagree?
22. Some think traditions should be preserved, while others argue modernization is more
important. Discuss both views.
23. What are the advantages and disadvantages of living in a multicultural society?
 24. Social isolation is a growing problem in urban areas. What are the causes and
solutions?
25. Should governments support cultural festivals? Why or why not?

6. Technology
26. Technology makes people less social. Do you agree?
27. Some believe robots will take over most jobs, others think this will not happen.
Discuss both views.
28. What are the advantages and disadvantages of online learning?
29. Cybercrime is a growing issue. What problems does it cause and how can it be
tackled?
30. Should access to the Internet be considered a human right?

7. Media & Advertising

31. Advertisements encourage unnecessary spending. To what extent do you agree?
32. Some think the media should avoid reporting details of crimes, others say the public
has the right to know. Discuss both views.
33. What are the advantages and disadvantages of celebrities in advertising?
34. Fake news spreads rapidly online. What problems does this cause and what can be
done?
35. Should governments regulate TV content to protect children?

8. Environment
36. Individuals cannot improve the environment; only governments and corporations can.
Do you agree?
37. Some say developing countries should prioritize economic growth, others argue
protecting the environment is more important. Discuss both views.
38. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using renewable energy sources?
39. Plastic pollution is one of the biggest challenges today. What problems does it create
and what solutions exist?
40. Should countries be punished for failing to reduce carbon emissions?

9. Globalisation
41. Globalisation has more positive than negative effects. Do you agree?
42. Some argue global brands are good for consumers, others think they harm local
businesses. Discuss both views.
 43. What are the advantages and disadvantages of free trade agreements?
44. Global culture is replacing local traditions. What problems does this cause and what
can be done?
45. Should governments protect local languages in a globalised world?

10. Crime & Punishment

46. The death penalty should be abolished worldwide. Do you agree?
47. Some think punishment is the best way to reduce crime, others argue education is
more effective. Discuss both views.
48. What are the advantages and disadvantages of community service as a punishment?
49. Juvenile crime is increasing. What are the causes and what solutions do you suggest?
50. Should minor crimes be punished with fines or warnings?

11. Government & Politics

51. Governments should spend more on public services than on the arts. Do you agree?
52. Some say governments should make decisions, others argue individuals should have
more freedom. Discuss both views.
53. What are the advantages and disadvantages of high taxation?
54. Corruption is common in many countries. What are the problems and solutions?
55. Should voting be compulsory in democratic societies?

12. Economy & Business

56. Big companies should be required to support local communities. Do you agree?
57. Some argue small businesses are better for the economy, others say large corporations
are more efficient. Discuss both views.
58. What are the advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce?
59. Economic inequality is widening worldwide. What are the causes and solutions?
60. Should governments intervene to save failing businesses?

13. Science & Innovation

61. Space exploration is a waste of money. Do you agree?
62. Some argue scientific research should be controlled by governments, others disagree.
Discuss both views.
63. What are the advantages and disadvantages of genetic engineering?
 64. Antibiotic resistance is a global issue. What problems does it create and how can it be
solved?
65. Should inventions that harm the environment be banned?

14. Transport & Infrastructure

66. Public transport should be free. Do you agree?
67. Some say more roads reduce traffic, others argue investment in public transport is
better. Discuss both views.
68. What are the advantages and disadvantages of high-speed railways?
69. Traffic congestion is a major problem in cities. What are the causes and solutions?
70. Should cyclists be given priority over cars in city centres?

15. Energy & Resources

71. Nuclear power is the best solution to the energy crisis. Do you agree?
72. Some argue fossil fuels should continue to be used, others say renewable energy is the
only option. Discuss both views.
73. What are the advantages and disadvantages of solar energy?
74. Water scarcity is becoming serious worldwide. What problems does it cause and how
can it be solved?
75. Should individuals be fined for wasting energy at home?

16. Immigration & Multiculturalism

76. Immigration has a positive impact on society. Do you agree?
77. Some say immigrants should fully adapt to their new culture, others argue they should
preserve their own traditions. Discuss both views.
78. What are the advantages and disadvantages of dual citizenship?
79. Illegal immigration is a growing problem. What causes it and what solutions exist?
80. Should refugees be accepted regardless of a country’s resources?

17. Arts & Entertainment

81. Governments should fund the arts. Do you agree?
82. Some say popular culture is harming traditional art forms, others disagree. Discuss
both views.
83. What are the advantages and disadvantages of watching sports events live?
 84. Many children are more interested in video games than outdoor activities. What are
the problems and solutions?
85. Should museums and galleries be free to enter?

18. Food & Consumerism

86. People should avoid processed food. Do you agree?
87. Some say supermarkets harm local food markets, others disagree. Discuss both views.
88. What are the advantages and disadvantages of vegetarian diets?
89. Food waste is becoming a major issue. What are the causes and solutions?
90. Should governments impose higher taxes on luxury goods?

19. Population & Urbanisation

91. Overpopulation is the biggest threat to humanity. Do you agree?
92. Some think urban living offers more opportunities, others argue rural life is healthier.
Discuss both views.
93. What are the advantages and disadvantages of high-rise living?
94. Rapid urbanisation creates many social issues. What problems does it cause and how
can they be solved?
95. Should governments restrict migration from rural to urban areas?

20. International Relations

96. International cooperation is the only way to solve global problems. Do you agree?
97. Some believe foreign aid is beneficial, others argue it makes countries dependent.
Discuss both views.
98. What are the advantages and disadvantages of international tourism?
99. Armed conflicts still exist in the modern world. What problems do they cause and how
can peace be promoted?
100. Should rich countries be required to accept more responsibility for climate
change?