Random Variables and Probability Distributions Workshop
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WORKSHOP ON RANDOM VARIABLES (DISCRETE CONTINUOUS)
1. A machine manufactures screws and the misalignments in it cause the
screws have different sizes. It has been estimated that the errors in Su in
cm. they follow a distribution whose density function is
f(x)={k(x 2−5x)I f 1 ≤ x ≤ 5
a) Calculate the value of K
b) What is the average size of the errors in its length?
c) What is the variance of the size of the errors in its length?
d) What is F(x)?
An urn contains 3 red balls, 4 black balls, and 5 white balls. They are drawn without replacement.
Replacement of 3 balls Calculate the probability distribution. the function of
distribution, the expected value and standard deviation of the random variable:
number of white balls drawn
WORKSHOP ON PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS FOR VARIABLES
DISCRETE
A certain disease has a 20% mortality rate. If we have five patients.
with this disease, what will be the probability that:
None survives
b) Everyone survives
At least one survives
At least one does not survive.
20%
()
5
a) P (X =5) = (0.2)5(0.8)0
5
P(x=5) = 0.00032 = 0.032%
5
()
b) P (X =0) = (0.2)0(0.8)5
0
P(x=0) = 0.3276 = 32.76%
c) P ( X≥1 ) =1−P ( X=0 )
P ( X≥1 ) =1−¿
0 ()
5 (0.8)0 (0.2)5
P ( X≥1 ) =1−¿ 0.00032
P ( X≥1 ) =¿ 0, 9997 ¿ 99.97%
d) P ( X≥1 ) =1−P ( X=0 )
P ( X≥1 ) =1−¿
0()
5 (0.2)0 (0.8)5
P ( X≥1 ) =1−¿ 0.3277
P ( X≥1 ) =¿ 0, 6723
¿ 63.23%
The mortality rate of a certain disease is three per thousand, what is the
probability that a group of 500:
a) Do more than two die?
b) How can it be that only two die at most??
P=0.003 N=500 λ=0.003*500 = 1.5
1.52 e−1.51.51 e−1.51.50 e−1.5
( )
a) PX>2=1−[ + + ]
2! 1! 0!
P ( X >2)=1−(0.251+ 0,3346+0.2231)
P ( X >2)=0.1913=19.13%
1.52e−1.51.51e−1.51.50e−1.5
b)P X( ≤ 2= ) + +
2! 1! 0!
P ( X≤2 ) =0.8087=80.87%
The clinic's computer receives an average of 20 calls every two.
minutes. What is the probability of arriving:
Exactly four calls in a period of 30 seconds
b) At most two calls in a period of 15 seconds.
20
P= =0.16667
120
a) n=30 λ=0.16667*30 = 5
54e−5
P(X =4=) =0.1755=17.55%
4!
b) n=15 λ=0.16667*15 = 2.5
2 . 5 2e−2.52 . 5 1e−2.52 . 5 0e−2.5
(
PX≤2= ) + +
2! 1! 0!
P ( X ≤ 2)=0.2565+0.2052+0.082
P ( X ≤ 2)=0,5432=54,325
A batch contains 100 pieces from a local pipe supplier and 200
units from a pipe supplier from the neighboring state. If selected
four pieces randomly and without replacement,
a) What is the probability that all are from the local supplier?
b) What is the probability that two or more pieces of the sample are from the
local supplier?
c) What is the probability that at least one piece of the sample is from the
local provider?
Number of pipes from the local supplier.
The random variable X follows a Hypergeometric distribution: X ~ HG of
parameters:
Total number of pipes: N = 100 + 200 = 300.
Sample size: n = 100. (Total number of pipes from the local supplier)
Total number of randomly selected: r = 4 (without replacement)
100°C∗200 degrees Celsius
a) P ( x=4 )= =0.011854
300C4
b) p( X≥2 )=1−P ( x ≤ )=1−[
2 p ( X=0 ) + p ( X=1 ) ]
P( x ≥ 2)=1− [ 300C4 ]
100 degrees Celsius∗200 degrees Celsius+100¢1∗200 choose 3
=0.407406
c) P( X ≥ 1)=1−P ( x <1)=1−P(x =0)
100 degrees Celsius∗200 divided by 4
p( X≥1 )=1− =0,804454
300°C
5. At a party, there are 20 people: 14 married and 6 single. 3 are chosen.
random people
What is the probability that the 'a's are single?
| 6|
| 3|∗| 14|
|0 |
P ( x=3 )=
| 20|
|3 |
P(X =3)=0.0175}=1.75%
WORKSHOP ON PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS FOR VARIABLES
CONTINUOUS
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
The finished internal diameter of a piston ring is usually
distributed with a mean of 10 centimeters and a variance of 0.0009
centimeters
a. What proportion of the rings will have an internal diameter that exceeds
10,075?
b. What is the probability that a piston ring has a diameter
internal between 9.97 and 10.03 centimeters?
c. C. What internal diameter value will cause 15% of the rings to fall below?
piston?
a) Solution:
10.075−10
Z= =83.33
0.0009
P( X > 10.075)=0.0062=0.62%
b) Solution
9.97−10
Z1= =−33.33
0.0009
10.03−10
Z2= =33.33
0.0009
P(9097< X <10.03)=0.6826=6 . 8 2 %
c) d= -1.03 (0.03+10) = 9.9691Cm
The average life expectancy of the inhabitants of Colombia is 68 years.
variance of 25. A study is conducted in the municipality of CURILLO,
Department of Caquetá, which has 10,000 inhabitants:
a) How many people are expected to surpass 75 years old?
b) How many people will live less than 60 years?
75−68
a) Y = =1.4
5
P (X > 75) = (Y > 1.4) = 1 - P (Y < 1.4) = 1 - 0.9192 = 0.0808 = 8.08%
60−68
b) Y = =−1 . 6
5
P (X < 60) = (Y < -1.6) = P (Y > 1.6) = 1 - P (Y < 1.6) = 0.0548 = 5.48%
3. The height of the students at the University of the Amazon is
normally distributed. If 7.35% of the students measure more than
164.4 cm and the 12 measure less than 1568 cm, what is the mean and the
standard deviation of the height of the University students?
X=164.4
mean = 156.8
p=0.12 normal distribution
P=x-µ/r
0.12 = 164.4 - 156.8 / r
r (0.12) = 164.4-156.8
r = 164.4 - 156.8 / 0.12
r= 63.33
EXPONENTIAL DISTRIBUTION
It is known that the mileage, in thousands of kilometers, that a bus travels
before undergoing engine repair, a distribution follows
exponential with =μ 80.
−x −x
180
f(x
= e →F
) 80
( x )=1−e80
a. If there is a fleet of 300 buses, how many would be expected to
Would they have undergone repairs before 60,000 km?
b. What is the probability that a bus travels more than 100,000 km.
before submitting the engine for repair?
a) P( X≤60)=¿
Expected number = 0.5276 * 300 = 158 buses
2. It is known that the monthly water consumption, in cubic meters, that they have
Families in a certain locality have an exponential distribution with = μ10.
−x −x
1 10
f(x
= ¿ e →F
) 10
( x )=1−e 10
a. What is the probability that a family consumes less than 3 meters
cubic meters per month?
b. What is the probability that the monthly water consumption of a
Does the family lower the 40 cubic meters?