Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Iodine
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ScribdTranslationsLiquid-Liquid Extraction of Iodine
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ScribdTranslationsCHIMBORAZO POLYTECHNIC HIGHER SCHOOL
FACULTY OF SCIENCES
SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES
CHEMISTRY DEGREE
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LAB I
PRACTICE: SEPARATION-EXTRACTION METHODS
(LIQUID-LIQUID)
TEACHER: Dr. Monserrat Catalina Orrego Riofrio
STUDENT:
Mr. Orley Alejandro Acosta Ordoñez Code: 105
Third "A"
04/27/2016
APRIL–AUGUST 2016
SEPARATION METHODS - EXTRACTION (LIQUID-LIQUID)
2. OBJECTIVE(S):
2.1. GENERAL.
To practice the liquid-liquid extraction process by extracting iodine using a
organic solvent.
2.2. SPECIFIC.
To know one of the techniques used for the separation of mixtures.
Identify the physical properties involved in extraction.
Differentiate the phases formed after an extraction process.
3. MATERIALS:
Decantation funnel (250ml)
Metal support
Metal ring, nuts (× 3)
2 Precipitation glasses (250mL)
Test tube
Aqueous solution of iodine
Hexane
4. METHODOLOGY:
Check that the decantation funnel works perfectly. Both the stopper and the valve.
they must fit perfectly to avoid losses.
Place the funnel on a stand (with the help of a clamp or a metal ring) and check that
the key is locked.
Measure 50 ml of an aqueous iodine solution (problem solution) in the graduated cylinder and place in the
decantation funnel
Measure 50 ml of hexane (extraction organic solvent) and place it in the separation funnel.
Close the funnel with the stopper
Hold the key with one hand and the stopper with the other, then invert the funnel and hold it.
in the same way
Slowly swirl the decantation funnel and open the tap.
Repeat the process until there is no gas emission.
Let the funnel rest until the organic and aqueous phases separate completely.
When the two phases have separated, place a beaker underneath the funnel and
open the valve until one of the phases falls.
In another precipitation flask, pour the remaining phase through the funnel's mouth.
5. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK:
Separation by extraction.
Extraction is the technique used to separate an organic product from a reaction mixture or to
to isolate it from its natural sources. It can be defined as the separation of a component from a mixture.
through a solvent. In practice, it is widely used to separate organic compounds from the
solutions or aqueous suspensions in which they are found. Liquid-liquid extraction is based on
the different solubility of the components between water and an organic solvent that is immiscible with it.
Equipment and procedure.
It is performed in a separating funnel or decanter that allows mixing through manual agitation.
The aqueous solution contains the compounds to be separated with the organic solvent used. Upon leaving
In the funnel at rest, the water and the solvent separate forming two clearly defined phases or layers.
differentiated, it will have a different density the compound is distributed between the organic phase and the phase
aqueous according to its distribution coefficient or partition coefficient.
This parameter is defined as the relationship between the concentrations of the organic compound or solute in
each of the solvents used and is approximately equal to the ratio of the solubilities of the solute
in each of the solvents.
Before starting the separation, it is necessary to check that the key and the plug of the separating funnel
they fit perfectly to avoid losses of the content and place the funnel over a ring with
Rubber protections must be placed beneath a suitably sized beaker for
collect its content in case of plowing.
In the simple extraction, the aqueous solution to be extracted is first placed in the funnel with 15 ml.
by decantation using a conical funnel and then fill another 15 ml of the solvent of
extraction, the funnel is blocked, and it is covered with both hands, holding the key with one hand and the stopper with the other.
place the funnel in a horizontal position and gently mix both phases as is usually done
The solvents used are volatile and can increase their vapor pressure when agitated, so the
The overpressure generated by the funnel is released by carefully opening the valve, the valve of the
funnel and the previous operation is repeated several times until no overpressure is observed inside.
Next, the funnel is placed on its stand, the stopper is removed, and it is left to rest until
the two phases are completely separated, the funnel valve is opened and the lower phase is collected in it.
If the organic phase of greater density is in a clean and dry Erlenmeyer, the upper phase is in another.
Clean and dry Erlenmeyer, it can be observed that the organic phase has a more intense coloration.
due to the fact that the concentration of dye is higher in it.
This means that almost all the organic compound has been extracted from the aqueous solution in its
totality.
6. PROCEDURE.
6.1 OBSERVATIONS.
It was observed in this technique that the aqueous solution of iodine with the organic compound which the first one
it appeared as a yellowish color and the hexane with a transparent tone the same that was located in
the top part of the mixture, since it has lower density than the aqueous solution, but when it was stirred
the decantation funnel mixed the two phases for a moment and was visualized in purple but
afterwards the mixture separated with the hexane once again located at the top extracting the iodine
from the aqueous solution and therefore only water remained at the bottom.
7. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS:
7.1 CONCLUSIONS.
This liquid-liquid extraction and separation technique is fundamentally based on the property
density physics since when trying to mix two substances with different densities they will
to separate into moments. Because one liquid will be heavier than the other and will be attracted by the
gravitational force of the Earth (9.8 m/s²).
The phases that were formed after the liquid-liquid extraction and separation method were
an aqueous phase and an organic phase, this phase consisted of hexane and iodine while
that the aqueous phase is only by water.
7.2 RECOMMENDATIONS.
Wash the funnel before starting the process, otherwise when making the ...
practice can acquire some impurities in the solutions and they may interfere in
proportionality to the experimental calculations of said process.
It is not recommended to lift the potato from the funnel when extracting the watery part.
vessel since it increases the pressure of the fluids and it is possible to obtain part of the phase
organic in the glass.
8. BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Autonomous University of Madrid. (2008). Practice 7: separation methods: extraction.
Recovered
from: [Link]
aracion_I_Extraction.pdf
Department of Organic Chemistry I. Youtube. (07/11/2010). Organic Chemistry I Practices:
Extraction. Retrieved from: [Link]
Martin. [Link]. Youtube. (19/09/2014). Experimentation in Chemistry for Engineers.
Extraction liquid-liquid. Video 3. Recovered
Unable to access or translate content from external links.
ANNEXES.