Formwork Techniques for Beams
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ScribdTranslationsFormwork Techniques for Beams
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ScribdTranslationsFORMWORK FOR AN ISOLATED FOOTING
I. INTRODUCTION :
1.1 What is a formwork?
It is an element that gives concrete its final shape. It is essential for maintaining the forms.
and the edges for the finished appearance of the concrete.
It can be executed using wooden boards or steel sheets.
1.2 Different types of formwork:
We distinguish:
a- Traditional formwork: formwork made using materials assembled on site.
b- The formwork tools: ready-made formworks. (Examples: metal shutters, formwork tables,
etc....).
1.3 Definitions:
A reinforced concrete slab: It is a reinforced concrete element used to support the column to which it is attached.
is submitted and to transmit its loads to the ground on which it rests.
Buttons and blocks: these are wooden elements used to ensure the strength of the assembly.
Sides: these are the elements of the formwork defining the four lateral faces of the base to be executed.
II. Goal of the T.P. :
Know all the operations necessary for the execution of a traditional wooden formwork.
of an isolated concrete slab.
III. MATERIALS AND NECESSARY MATERIALS:
3.1 Materials: wooden boards.
3.2 Equipment: wood saws, hammers, nail pullers, measuring instruments
IV. OPERATING PROCEDURE:
Note the necessary dimensions of the sole (width, length, and height).
Deduce the necessary dimensions of the formwork boards.
Cut the boards.
Assemble the boards using nails and crosspieces to obtain the sides (see figure ci
next)
Establish the main base of the formwork.
Fix the cheeks on the shuttering sole.
Raise the system using the buttons and the catches.
RESULTS
Obtain a formwork of a square or rectangular slab according to the provided dimensions.
FORMWORK OF A CONCRETE COLUMN
I. GENERALITIES :
1.1 Definition:
A reinforced concrete column is an element that serves to receive all the loads transmitted by the
floors and beams and transmit them to a lower load-bearing element (lower post or element of
foundations).
1.2 Forms
A pole can have several geometric shapes. The most commonly used poles in construction
buildings are square, rectangular, or circular in cross-section.
By the notation (22x22), we denote a post whose finished concrete section is a square of 22 cm.
side.
By (30x50), we refer to a rectangular section of 30 cm in width and 50 cm in length.
ParΦ40, we refer to a circular section with a diameter of 40 cm.
1.3 Resistance of the formwork during pouring:
During the pouring of a reinforced concrete column, significant pressure is exerted on the panels and
tend to push them away, hence the possibility of bending the boards, spacing the frames, and perhaps the
break of the formwork.
The higher the concrete is, the greater the forces are, hence the need to pour in one go.
two or three times.
If the concrete is poured from the top of the formwork, the height of the drop of the concrete could be such
that will lead to significant efforts which may cause either deformation or rupture of the
formwork.
Since the pressure is stronger towards the base of the pole, we will need to reinforce the lower third of the formwork of the
reserved frames, while the upper third will be less reinforced.
II. GOAL OF T.P.:
Know the necessary steps for executing a wooden formwork for a square section column or
rectangular and circular.
III. MATERIALS AND NECESSARY MATERIALS:
3.1 Materials: Wooden boards and planks.
3.2 Materials: Wood saws, hammers, nails, nail pullers, plumb line, squares, and instruments
of measurement.
IV. OPERATING MODE:
Note the dimensions of the pole (section and height).
Deduce the necessary dimensions of the formwork boards.
Cut the boards.
Deduct the number of crossbars (this number varies according to the importance of the height of the pole).
The first crossbeam is nailed 6 cm from the base and the others must be arranged so that they
be at the same level all around the post.
Assemble the panels.
Build the soles with beams.
Fix the entire formwork on the footings.
Check the verticality of the formwork using a plumb line.
Raise the system using the cradles. (see figure 1)
For the formwork of a circular column:
Prepare the wooden frames that are made up of a more or less large number of constituent elements.
together the circular surface.
We take as radius, the radius of the concrete section. The drawing is generally executed with a
tight string and a pencil.
Fix the boards on the frames that are divided into semi-circles.
Glue the half frames together using the connection crossbars. (See figure 2)
Note:
Such frameworks are not solid building blocks, but they ensure the shape and
dimensions of the posts. For this reason, only end frames are used and sometimes a
or two: middle managers.
To withstand the pressure of concrete, iron rings are used that will be carefully spaced apart.
to overcome the applied efforts.
FORMWORK FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM
I. GENERALITIES :
1.1 Definitions:
a-Beam: A reinforced concrete beam is an element used to support the loads of a floor and
potentially those of the wall that superimposes it and transmit them to other elements playing the role
support (posts, sails, etc.)
b-Lintel: A reinforced concrete lintel is a special case of a reinforced concrete beam. It is used for
limit the opening of a bay to its upper part by relying on the jambs. (See figures)
His main role is to:
connect the legs and contribute to their stability.
support the loads of the masonry of a wall.
allow the retention of the openings of the bay.
allow the implementation and passage of the resulting shutters.
1.2 Remarks:
The following remarks apply to all formwork work for beams.
1°-The mold base should always be placed between the two side walls and not underneath.
The mold base will always consist of ordinary boards and not beams.
3°- We will lightly coat the bottom of the mold, as it is the side walls and the upper soles that
are carriers and their installation must prevent any covering of the mold bottom.
4°-The stiffeners of the side panels of the beams will not be too far apart from each other.
are elements that resist lateral pressure from the concrete.
II. OBJECTIVE OF T.P.:
Know the steps necessary for executing a wooden formwork for a beam of section
small span rectangular (in the case of a lintel).
III. MATERIALS AND NECESSARY EQUIPMENT:
3.1 Materials: wooden boards.
3.2 Equipment: saws, hammers, nails, nail pullers, plumb lines, squares, tools
of measurement.
IV. OPERATING MODE:
Note the dimensions of the lintel (width, length, height).
Deduce the necessary dimensions of the formwork boards.
Cut the boards.
Prepare the bottom and the sides of the formwork.
Fix the assembly on the sole.
Prepare and secure the vertical supports (struts and braces).
V. RESULTS: