PM SHRI KV YOL, KANGRA, H.P.
SUBJECT: SOCIAL SCIENCE
SUB SUBJECT: ECONOMICS
CHAPTER: DEVELOPMENT
PREPARED BY: MOHD. ASIF TGT
CONTENT TO BE STUDIED IN THE CHAPTER:
• DEVELOPMENT: Definition
• Difference between growth and development
• Development goals
• Measurement of development
➢ GDP, Income and criterion by World Bank
➢ HDI by UNDP
• Sustainable development
• Comparison of development: case studies
1. Definition: development is a multidimensional concept which measures the qualitative
as well as quantitative aspect of human life. Growth is a part of development
2. Difference between growth and development:
Growth: quantitative changes in any aspect
Development: quantitative + qualitative changes in any aspect.
3. Development goals:
a. Individual development goals- desired job, dream car etc.
b. Community development goals- fertilizer at subsidized rates for farmer
community.
c. National development goals- national security, economic boost etc.
4. Development goals categorization :
a. Common development goals: access to clean water and air, peace and security etc.
b. Different development goals: right to education for students and tax relief for big
corporates.
c. Conflicting development goals: construction of a new expressway might lead to
deforestation in the adjoining areas.
5. Measurement of development :
a. Income ( Used By World Bank)
b. GDP
c. HDI (used by UNDP)
6. Human development report/Index:
a. Founded by : Amartya Sen and Mahboob Ul Haq in 1990-91
b. Prepared and published by: UNDP (United Nation Development Programme)
c. Component of HDI:
I. Per Capita Income
II. Life expectancy
III. Education
d. India current rank 134 in HDI.
7. Sustainable development: a set of developmental practices which utilise and conserve
the resources in such way that it satisfies the needs of current generation while
keeping the reserve safe for future generation respectively.
8. Comparison of Development: refer NCERT Text for Case Studies.