Tilak Junior College of Science and Commerce , Nerul
Sub : IT
Teacher’s name : Yogita Mhaskar
1. Basics of Information Technology
Topics : 1.5,1.6,1.7,1.8,1.9
Introduction to
Computer Network
A network is a group of
interconnected computers or devices
to have communication within
themselves. Each network has a
distinct type based on the size of the
geographical area it covers.
YM
by Yogita Mhaskar
LAN (Local Area Network)
A LAN connects devices within a
small geographical area (a few
kilometers). LANs are commonly
used in homes, offices, and schools.
Examples
Advantages
Home network,
office network,
school ,hospitals High speed, low
network cost, easy to setup.
Disadvantages
Limited geographical coverage
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
A MAN connects devices across
a larger geographical area than
a LAN, covering a city or a town
and may serve as an
ISP(Internet Service Provider)
Examples Advantages Disadvantages
Connecting Larger geographical
Higher cost than a
different branches coverage, high
LAN, more complex
of a bank within a bandwidth
to manage.
city
WAN (Wide Area Network)
A WAN connects LANS via telephone lines or
Satellite link across a very large
geographical area, spanning multiple cities,
states, or even countries. It's the largest
type of network.
Examples Advantages
Connecting offices of Global reach, high
a multinational speed
company across the
globe
Disadvantages
Highest cost, complex management, Due to long distance
Noise and error tends to be more
Comparison of Network Types
The primary difference between LAN, MAN, and WAN is the geographical area they
cover.
Feature LAN MAN WAN
Geographical
Small Medium Large
Area
Home, office City, town Multiple cities,
Examples
countries
Cost Low Medium High
Management
Easy Medium High
Complexity
What is Network Architecture ?
Network Architecture is the design of a computer
network.
Types of
Network
Architecture
Peer-to-Peer Client-Server
Architecture Architecture
Peer-to-Peer Architecture
• In this type of architecture all
the machines called as “peer”,
have same status and they can
communicate with other peer
directly.
• A peer-to-peer Network has no
dedicated server.
• Generally small networks.
• Sharing files via Bluetooth or
SHAREit.
Client-Server Architecture
• Most suitable for larger
Networks.
• IT consists of
• Client: A computer which is
seeking any resource from
another computer is a client
computer.
• Server: if a computer has a
resource which is served to
another computer ,it is a
server.
Internet
• Internet is generally
defined as global network
connecting millions of
computer.
• The Internet is massive
network of networks.
• Internet is the highway of
information.
Protocols : A protocol is
set of rules that governs
the communication
between computers on
network.
In order to have two
computers to talk each
other ,they must speak
the same language.
Examples of Protocols are :
➢TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol & Internet Protocol .
➢It breaks down the message into packets and sends them out
into network.
➢DNS: Domain Name System.
➢IT translates IP address into terms understood by humans.
human .
➢DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.
➢It can automatically assign internet address to computers and
users.
➢FTP: File Transfer Protocol
➢A protocol that used to transfer files on internet.
Examples of Protocols are :
➢HTTP: Hyper Text Transfer Protocol .
➢An Internet based protocol for sending and receiving web
pages.
➢IMAP: Internet Message Access Protocol.
➢A protocol for receiving e-mail messages from server on
Internet.
➢It maintains copy of all the e-mails on server.
➢IRC: Internet Relay Chat.
➢It facilitates communication in the form of text.
➢POP3: Post Office Protocol.
➢A protocol used for receiving emails from remote mail servers.
➢It does not maintain copy on the server.
➢SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.
➢A protocol for sending e-mail messages on the server on internet.
ITES:
• Also called as web
enabled services
,remote services ,
• teleworking.
• Covers all the
operations which uses
Information
Technology for
improving efficiency of
an organization.
Popular IT Enabled services
are:
• Call Centers
• Electronic Publishing
• Medical Transcription
• Data Centers
• GIS Mapping (Geographic
Information System)
• ERP (Enterprise Resource
Planning)
• Knowledge Management
and archiving
Careers in IT
Web Designer / Web Developer
Software Developer
Database Manager
Information Security Analyst
Professional Accountant
Financial Advisor
Cyber Advisor
Animator
Game Developer
Audio/ Video Editor
Recent Trends in IT.
1. Green computing
2. IOT
[Link] Computing
[Link] Analytics
[Link] Intelligence
[Link] Data
[Link] Chain
GREEN COMPUTING
GREEN COMPUTING
✓ It is the study and practice of environmentally
sustainable computing or IT.
✓ Reduce the use hazardous material.
✓ To maximize energy efficiency .
✓ To recycle or biodegradation of functional products or
factory waste.
IOT (Internet of things)
IOT (Internet of things)
✓ It is the network of physical devices, vehicles, home
appliances and other items embedded with
electronics ,software ,sensors , actuators and
connectivity creating interaction of physical world into
computer based systems.
✓ Reduced Human exertions.
Philips smart lock and google smart voice controller
Cloud Computing
It is delivery of computing services – servers , storage ,
databases ,software , data analytics and more over internet.
Data Analytics (DA)
It is the Process of examining data sets in order to draw
Conclusions about the information they contain with the help of
specialized Systems and software.
Widely using commercial industries.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
It is the intelligence demonstrated
by machines in contrast to the
natural intelligence played by
humans and other animals.
Machine Learning
It is a scientific study of algorithms
and statistical models that
computer systems use to effectively
perform a specific task
Big Data
It refers to data sets that are too large or complex for traditional data
processing application software.
Blockchain
It is growing list of records
called blocks which are linked
using cryptography it can be
defined as a distributed
decentralized public ledger.
Thank you