Brendah Agangu
DICT22J
15892
1) peer-peer
Architecture I s a networking architecture where each device on the network has equal
status and can act both as client and server, allowing them to share resources and communicate directly with each
other without relying on a central server
2) Clint server/architecture
is a networking modem where devices are divided into clients and servers. client request service or resources, and
servers provide these services by responding to client request
3) Repeater
is a device in networking that amplifies and retransmits signals to extend the reach of a network
4) Hub is a basic networking device that connect a multiple device in a local area network (LAN)
5) Bridge
is a networking device that operates at the data link layer of the OSI model, connecting and filtering traffic
between two or more network.
6) Modem
is a device that modulate computer into analog signal for transmission over analog communication lines, and
demodulates incoming analog signals back into digital data for the computer.
b)
I) simplex communication,
data flow in only one direction. One device is the transmitter and the other one is the receiver
ii) Half duplex
communication allows data transmission in both directions, but simultaneously.
iii) Full duplex
, communication enable simultaneously bidirectional data transmission. Devices can send and
receive data concurrently
c)
1) Scalability, this is the ability of network to grow and accommodate additional device or user
without significant redesign. this ensures that the network can expand to meet future needs.
2) Performance, consider the data transfer speed and efficiency of the network
3) Security, evaluate the security implication of the chosen topology.
4) Ease of maintenance, consider how easy it is to manage and maintain the network. Some
topology may require more complex maintenance procedure.
5) Cost. Assess the overall cost of implementing the network topology
6) Geographical distribution, consider the physical layout and geographical distribution of the
network
7) Topology suitability for application; ensure that the selected topology align with the need of
the application running on the network
8) Ease of installation, evaluate how straightforward it is to install and set up the chosen
topology
9) Compatibility, consider the compatibility of the chosen topology with existing hardware,
software and protocol within the network to avoid integration issues and ensure seamless
operations
10) Bandwidth requirement: evaluate the topology ability to meet current and anticipated
bandwidth needs, ensuring that it can support data demands of the applications and services
QUESTION TWO
hardware
a) Router: Networking device that forwards data packet between computer networks.
b) Switch: A device that operates at the data link layer of the OSI model, enabling the
efficient and intelligent forwarding of data within local area network
c) Modem: A device that enable digital data to be transmitted over analog communication
line
d) Hub: A device that splits network connection into multiple computers
e) Firewall: A security device that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network
traffic based on predetermine security rules
Software
a) Operating system: These are operating software system that provide foundation
software environment for managing and coordinating network resources.
b) Antivirus Software: these are software’s that provide security in networks, they help in
detecting and removal of malware, preventing of spread of infections across the
network
c) Network protocols: Transmission control Protocols/internet protocols defines the rules
for data communication between devices on network. They ensure standardized and
reliable communication
d) Firewall software: it provides an additional layer of protection by controlling the flow of
network traffic based on predetermined security rules
e) Network Management software: this network management software they enable
monitoring and managing network devices. They help administrators track performance
and optimize networks.
QUESTION THREE
a)
Transport layer.
1. segmentation and reassembly
[Link] detection and correction
[Link] control
[Link] data delivery
Application layer
[Link] to user
2. Session establishment, maintenance and termination
3. High level protocols
4. Data representation and Encryption
c)
1) High Bandwidth
2) Low Latency
3) Long Transmission Distance
4) Lightweight and small in size
5) Low signal Attenuation
6) Durability and low maintenance
7) Security
8) immunity to electromagnetic interfaces
d)
Local Area Network typically covers as small area such as single building. They often owned and
maintained by single organizations, generally offer high data transfer speed compared to WAN
while Metropolitan Area Network covers larger geographical area but are smaller than. thy
typically span across a city or large campus. MAN is more expensive compared to LAN.
QUESTION FOUR
a)
[Link]
[Link]-fi
[Link]
4 Infrared
b)
[Link] system interconnection model has seven layers which are; physical data link, network,
transport, session, presentation and application while Transmission control protocol/ internet
protocol has four layers which are; link, internet, transport and application.
[Link] system interconnection aims for clear separation of concerns, with each layer having
specific functions while Transmission control protocol focused on the implementation and has
ales rigid layer structure
[Link] system interconnection model was developed by the international organization for
standardization while Transmission control protocol/ internet protocol model was developed
by the united states Department of defense.
[Link] system interconnection is theoretical frame work and is ton as widely implemented as
TCP/IP while Transmission control protocol is the foundation of the modern internet and is
extensively used in practice.
QUESTION FIVE
a)
[Link] security and consideration; security was not a primary consideration during the initial
design of the TCP/IP models
2. Lack of Strict layering; the most criticism is that TCP/IP models loose coupling of layers
compared to the OSI model
3. Inadequate support for Real time application; TCP/IP is not inherently optimized for real-time
communication such as voice and video streaming
b)
Asynchronous communication involves data transmission without a synchronized clock signals.
Synchronous communication use a synchronized clock signals to coordinates data transfer,
ensuring affixed timing between beats.
c)
i. target encoding
ii) one hot encoding
iii) count encoding