STUDY THE NOTES from THE PPTS AS WELL AS THE WORD FILE GIVEN BY

ME.
Read magazines, news, & watch edutainment programmes.
• Read all the lessons and understand well
• Understand well all the poems
• Go through ALL the poetic devices
• Read Drama section with interest and learn
• Practise various types of questions/activities given in the textbook
• Understand & practise varied vocabulary activities
• Practise grammar by revising the topics and solve the questions and also make
topic-related meaningful grammar sentences on each-other while practicing
grammar with your friends.
• Read magazines,
• news related to:
THE current happenings, citizens issues & how these are handled/solved,
education, environment, society, business, medical field, other fields, etc. related
news, interviews, good quality advertisements, etc.
• Watch educational/edutainment programmes on TV, youtube
• Prose – lessons 1 to 4 Notes
• Poetry – lessons 1 to 4 Notes
• The Rising of the Moon [Practice questions only] ***
*** REGULARLY ATTEND LECTURES
 HSC BOARD SYLLABUS
ACTIVITY BOOK PUBLISHED BY ME
AVAILABLE WITH ME
CONTACT ME FOR PURCHASING
 ❏ Vocabulary, Idioms etc.: Contextual meanings, Shades of meanings [meanings of the words in the
extract--meaning as per the extract & other meanings [Shades/HOMGRAPHS [a word spelt and
pronounced like another word but with a different meaning. For example: the word ‘fast’]
❏ Idioms & phrases--meanings, usage in sentences, Words-meanings, usage in own sentences/Give
the terms/words for, Fill in the blanks choosing the correct words from the extract—wherein
unseen sentences are given in the question & the words are from the extract in the brackets to
choose from
❏ Make your own sentences on the situations given/using the words/terms/idioms from the extract
❏ Collocations
❏ Code-mixing
❏ Word Register
❏ Prefixes-Suffixes
❏ Homophones Homonyms Homographs
❏ Synonyms-Antonyms
❏ Discourse Markers
❏ Word Chain
❏ Crosswords [On words-meanings, antonyms/synonyms/word register/homonyms/ prefixes-
suffixes, idioms/code-mixing/collocations etc.]
PROSE
1.1 Being Neighbourly By Louisa May Alcott [The extract is from the novel Little Women.]
The activities/questions will be based on the extract given in the exam. Here, activities as per the lesson
are being given.
*Answer in about 50 words [2 to 4 sentences in about 5 to 7 lines]:
1 Note down Jo’s qualities./Draw a character sketch of Jo. [Evaluative]
Ans. Jo is a bold and active girl. She was loving, caring, helpful, sensitive, obedient, wise, organized, and
thoughtful/intelligent. She is passionate about reading too. The way she cares for her neighbour—little
Laurie, asks her mother for permission to go to Laurence’ house, cheers up Laurie the lonely boy, takes
gifts and love of her family to him, tells all this about her.

2 Note down Laurie’s qualities./Draw a character sketch of Laurie. [Evaluative]

Laurie was a lonely and shy boy. Having lost his mother and with father away at work, he lived with his
grandfather who couldn’t fully understand him and allow him the kind of life Laurie needed—socialization
and being happy with friends. He read a lot and. He felt pain and sorrow at having no mother. When Jo
made him laugh and be comfortable, he opened up wonderfully. He was happy to have her as a friend
and even happier at the prospect of being with Jo’s sisters as friends and her mother as he craved for a
mother’s love. He was a keen listener, respectful, well-mannered and thankful to Jo.

A Answer as per the activity given:

3 Enlist the things Laurie observed about Jo and her family. [Complex Factual]
Laurie observed the following about Jo and her family:
1] The appearances of the 4 sisters, their activities In enlist, intro line then the answer
2] The family bonding/4 sisters around their mother
to be presented in points, 1 below
3] The sweet face of Jo’s mother
the other
4] The March family forgetting to put down the curtain
5] The fire, flowers on the table, the lighted lamps
4] Was Jo right in her opinions about Laurie’s grandfather not permitting Laurie to be an outgoing person
and mingle with people? Prove your point with supporting statements from the extract. [Inference]
Jo was only partly right in her opinions about Laurie’s grandfather as Laurie was sick so he was not being
permitted to go out and mingle with people. The following lines support this answer:
Laurie saying, “I think he would, if your mother asked him. He’s very kind, though he does not look so, and
he lets me do what I like, pretty much, only he’s afraid I might be a bother to strangers,”
and Boys make such a row, and my head is weak.” and I’ve had a bad cold, and been shut up a week.”

5 Note down in about 50 words/5 to 7 lines/2 to 4 sentences how Jo started her friendship with Laurie.
[Complex factual] [pgs. 4& 5]
Jo tossed up a snow ball to draw, in a fun way, Laurie’s attention and started a personalized conversation
with him asking about his well-being, activities, his company etc. When she went over to meet him, to
make him feel wanted she told him all the gifts her sisters and mother had sent for him. She took interest
in what he had to say and promised him they would never draw the curtain for him to not feel lonely. She
invited him to her house and made him laugh a lot to make him come out of his shy and lonely nature.
6 Note down Laurie’s emotions when he was lonely. [Evaluative] [Pg.3 & 4]
Laurie was sad, in pain, and deeply craved for his mother’s love as he had lost her. He longed for his
grandfather’s company, for him to understand him and be closer to him. And he longed for friends and
happiness.
6] Note down Laurie’s emotions when Jo threw up a ball of snow to catch Laurie’s attention. [Evaluative]
[Pg. 4]
As soon as Jo tossed up a snow ball towards Laurie to draw his attention, Laurie lost for a few minutes his
loneliness, cheered up and felt better at having some company of a neighbour. He joy reflected in his eyes
and a smile.

7] Draw the character sketch of Laurie’s grandfather. [Analysis/Evaluative]

Laurie’s grandfather, Mr. Laurence, was kind [though he did not look so], old and well-read. His voice was
gruff. He could not bridge the age gap between him and Laurie as he failed to read him the books of
Laurie’s age. He loved and cared for Laurie so he didn’t allow him to go out as he was ill and made him
rest but in Laurie’s words, was very kind and caring as he would permit him to go to the March’s family.
Many maids were arranged to take care of Laurie [and the house]. He instantly became friendly with Jo
when she thawed ice. He was well-mannered and took Jo’s advice for his grandson very respectfully and
positively.

8] Give reasons: Jo decided to go meet Laurie.

Ans. Jo was a very caring, thoughtful and social girl. She had often seen Laurie’s sad, lonely face from the
window. She had seen neither a happy, loving mother’s face from the windows of the Laurence house nor
any social contacts visiting. She knew he lacked company so wanted to cheer him up and befriend him to
make his loneliness disappear. Thus, the statement.

9] Enlist the gifts Jo had brought for Laurie.

Ans. Jo had brought the following gifts for Laurie:
1] Her mother’s love/message of love for Laurie
2] Beth’s kittens for comforting him
3] Meg’s soft blanc-mange pudding for his sore throat to easily swallow
4] Amy’s garland of green leaves, and the scarlet flowers of Amy’s pet geranium
5] Her friendly company, of course!
10] Note down Laurie’s observation of March sisters. [The extract on pgs. 6 and 7]
Laurie observed about March sisters a few things like Beth was the rosy one who stayed at home good
deal and sometimes went out with a little basket, Meg was a pretty girl, and Amy was curly-haired. He
also observed with interest the sisters having a good time with their mother all around the table.

11] Note down Laurie’s changing emotions when Jo visited him. [Depends on the extract] Here, pgs. 7 and
8
Laurie gradually forgot his loneliness. He was sorrowful and in pain when mentioning about his mother
but was well-mannered so try to hid those feelings. He became cheerful from sad when Jo talked to him.
He was bashful from time to time but became open and friendly with Jo after she narrated her Aunt March
and Mr. Poll’s incident.

Exercise:
1] Enlist any 4 things Jo saw in Laurie’s house. [Depends on the extract given to you.] For eg. the extract
on pg. 6, the extract on pg. 923
2] Note down the things Jo did and offered to do for Laurie when in his house. [Pgs. 5 and 6]
3] Write in your words Aunt March’s and Mr. Poll’s incident that Jo narrated to Laurie to make him laugh
and come out of his shyness. [pg. 7]
4] Describe Laurie’s house. [Depends on the extract given to you.]
5] Give reason/s: Laurie did not ask another question to Jo. [pg. 7]
6] Mention one common interest of Jo, Laurie, Meg, and Laurie’s grandfather. Also note down who,
among Jo and Laurie, had done more of that hobby.
7] Give reasons: Jo pranced in joy.
8] Note down what Jo wished to explore in the Laurence’ house
9] Compare: March’s and Laurence’ House. Draw and fill in the table.
Ans.
March’s House Laurence’ House
Old, brown, bare, shabby, without vines and Stately mansion, indicating every comfort and
flowers luxury, well-kept grounds, conservatory, lovely
things’ glimpses from the rich curtains
March sisters joyfully doing activities, daily No frolicking children, lonely, lifeless, no
bonding with their sweet mother motherly smiling face, few visitors

Other activities and the presentation of answers/activities:

Ans. [answers to the question on True of False question in the box above]
1] Beth was reading Ivanhoe. False
2] Meg would walk with her dolls in the sunlight. False
3] The March’s and Laurie’s houses stood in a city in an urban ambience. False
4] Amy told herself, “I have a great mind to go over and tell the old gentleman so!” False

Match the following:

1 Jo warmth of heart
2 Laurie lonely The answers to the Match
3 Jo’s mother splendid the following given above
4 Meg funny
 b g L ,b g g

Ans. Correct sentences: [Activities/questions in above image]

Jo clapped her hands and pranced.
Aunt March was Jo’s aunt, the talk about whom, Laurie enjoyed immensely.

Vocabulary Exercises:
Wait on – serve/take care of – I waited on the judges who came to our college for the Youth Day Contests.
Coloured up – Became shy/bashful – When Chirag’s friend Dhruv revealed to the class about Chirag’s
crush on a girl, Chirag instantly coloured up.

Tree Diagram answer depends on the extract. However, here, an example has been given.
L ’ Q

Lonely Shy Sad/in pain [later on] Cheerful

A Fill in the table with the given details and note the qualities of Jo the incidents/Jo’s
thoughts/dialogues indicate.
What a crazy room The solitary, hungry We will never draw …b g ,
… look in his eyes that curtain anymore down without hurting
books placed here, went straight to & I give you leave to your sore throat.
J ’
 and the bottles look as much as you
,… like.

Ans.

b b J b g g L
J
, g b g ,
b g g
, g J
b ,
, g, , g, g g, , g,
g , g

Vocabulary Activities
• **Give the meanings of the following words– [Pg. 7 & 6 respectively]
• i. Twitching of lips ______________________________
• ii. Frankly ______________
• iii Fidgety
• iv Accused
• Ans. i. Twitching of lips--Emotional pain uncontrollably expressed on the face
• ii. Frankly--Honestly/Bluntly
• iii Fidgety – restless/agitated/fretful
• iv Accused – falsely blamed [here: jokingly teased]
**Alternately, the above questions on give the meanings can also be asked in the following manner –
[Vocabulary Activities]
Choosing the correct meaning of the phrases / words from the options given, note it down against each
phrase/word in Match the following. [a] honestly [b] felt emotional pain expressed on the face out of
control [c] felt shy/embarrassed [d] serve/accompany
• Phrase / Word Meaning
• i. Wait on
• ii. Coloured up
• iii. Twitching of lips
• iv. Frankly
• Ans. Phrase / Word Meaning
• i. Wait on Serve/accompany
• ii. Coloured up Felt shy
• iii. Twitching of lips Emotional pain expressed on the face out of control
iv Frankly Honestly
**Shades of Meaning/Different meaning of the same word-[Vocab Activities]
Read the following words. Give the correct meaning of each as per the extract. And also give the other
correct meaning of each. [pg.11]
tremendous as per the extract means _________
The other meaning of tremendous ________
Ans. tremendous as per the extract means -- stubborn
The other meaning of tremendous – huge sized/very big

Read the following words. Give the correct meaning of each as per the extract. And also give the other
correct meaning of each.
• ii.[pg.7] brightening as per the extract means ______
• The other meaning ___________
• iii.[pg.7] sharp as per the extract means --------
• The other meaning ___________
• iv.[pg.7] heaps as per the extract means --------
• The other meaning _________
• v.[pg.8] cross as per the extract means --------
• The other meaning ______
• vi.]pg.8] red [figuratively / as a symbol] as per the extract means --------
• The other meaning [figuratively / as a symbol] __________
• vii.[pg.7] hungry as per the extract means --------
• The other meaning _________
• Read the following words. Give the correct meaning of each as per the extract. And also give the
other correct meaning of each.
• viii.[pg.9] toss of head as per the extract means --------
• The other meaning _________
• ix.[pg.9] hollow as per the extract means _______
• The other meaning
• x.[pg.9] wicked as per the extract means --------
• The other meaning _________
• xi.[pg.11] winkle as per the extract means --------
• The other meaning _________
• Ans. ii.[pg.7] brightening as per the extract means – cheered/felt happiness
• The other meaning making a place more lighted/spreading more light in a place
• iii. sharp as per the extract means powerful
 • The other meaning having an edge that instantly cuts Also, intelligent
• iv. heaps as per the extract means a lot
• The other meaning piles/stacks
• v. cross as per the extract means --------angry/irritated/annoyed
• The other meaning 2 lines or streets intersecting each other diagonally/ 2 lines or streets
intersecting each other diagonally appearing to be split into 4 lines or streets
• vi red [figuratively / as a symbol] as per the extract means shy [blood rushing to the cheeks due
to a lot of bashfulness]
• The other meaning -- red-angry
The other meaning [figuratively / as a symbol] – colour representing life [as the life-giving blood
is red]
• vii. hungry as per the extract means craving for/having a strong longing for
The other meaning starving/feeling the need for food/having the physical need to eat
• viii. toss of head as per the extract means a gesture expressing boldness/a gesture rejecting
something
• The other meaning to scorn someone/to show one’s arrogance
• ix hollow as per the extract means large
• The other meaning resonating/echoing/deep
• x. wicked as per the extract means mischievous/teasing
• The other meaning of wicked evil/ malicious
• xi.[pg.11] twinkle as per the extract means mischief/amusement
• The other meaning sparkle/glimmer
Exercises:
Note down in about 50 words / 5 to 6 lines-
4] Mention in about 5 to 6 lines how Jo tidied Laurie’s room. [pg.6]—Factual
Complete, in 2 to 3 lines / about 30 words, the below given statement in your own words—
Laurie enjoyed observing from the window _________ [pg. 6 & 7]/ 3 Enlist the things Laurie observed
about Jo and her family. [Complex Factual]
Ans. Laurie enjoyed observing from the window of the March family their bonding at meals, the warmth
of the mother for the daughters and the 4 sisters happily playing calling out each-other’s names.

**Complete, in 2 lines, the below given statement in your own words—

Laurie couldn’t help watching the neighbouring sisters’ mother as ______
Ans. Laurie couldn’t help watching the neighbouring sisters’ mother as everytime they enjoyed in each-
other’s company, their mother was filled with warmth of love and also as he didn’t have his mother and
missed her. [pg.6&7]
• ** Match the following [pg.8] [Vocabulary Activities]
Match the following:
Words Meanings
• Bashful blamed
• Accused shy
• Offended restless
• Fidgety hurt

Ans. Words Meanings

• Bashful shy
• Accused blamed
 • Offended hurt
• Fidgety restless

• **Read the following lines [pg.9] Vocabulary Activities

It was lined with books, and there were pictures and statues, and distracting little cabinets full of
coins and curiosities, and Sleepy Hollow chairs, and queer tables, and bronzes, and best of all, a
great open fireplace with quaint tiles round it.
Replacing the underlined words with words of similar meanings, rewrite these sentences.
Ans. It was lined with books, and there were pictures and statues, and attention-diverting little
cabinets full of coins and curiosities, and Sleepy Hollow chairs, and strange tables, and bronzes,
and best of all, a great open fireplace with old-fashioned tiles shaping it.

A Loneliness can harm a person in many ways. Explain this sentence in about 50 words. [Personal
Response]
**Language Study
“…Grandpa lives among his books…” [Explain the underlined words in about a line or two.]
Ans. Grandpa was for most of the time deeply engrossed in reading his choice of books.
Explain: “A fellow can’t live on books,” said Laurie.
Ans. Laurie was practical/realistic as he knew life needs more [than only reading] like
socialization, joy, love, care and wonderful close friends with whom he could share a lot.
• **Use the following words in sentences of your own –
• Stage properties
• Acquainted
Ans.
• We had rented out stage properties for our drama on the annual cultural day.
• We must not talk to or mingle with the people whom we are not well-acquainted with.

A Change into indirect narration-

Jo said to Laurie, “Wouldn’t your grandpa let you?”
Ans. Jo asked Laurie if his grandpa would let him.

Exercises on the extract from Being Neighborly “What in the world are you going to do now, Jo?” asked
Meg …to … and few people went in and out, except the old gentleman and his grandson.
i Marching/hiking/walking/traipsing/plodding
A Correct if the statements are incorrect statements:
1 “…I advise you to stay cool and dry by the fire, as I do,” said Meg with a shiver.
2 “Always take advice!”
3 “…I like to doze by the fire….”
4 Jo went back to toast her feet and read "Ivanhoe"; and Meg began to dig paths with great energy.
A Choose the correct option and note down:
1Jo was ____________. [an outgoing & adventurous person/a home-sick, home-bound & timid person]
2 Jo was ___________. [bold & an independent thinker/meek & went by what others instructed her]
3 The stately mansion was_________. [full of life/listless]
4 Beth seemed to be __________. [Still child-like/bold & out-going]
Ans.
1Jo was an outgoing and adventurous person.
 2 Jo was bold and an independent thinker.
3 The stately mansion was listless.
4 Beth seemed to be child-like.

Exercises on the extract-- To Jo’s lively fancy, this fine house seemed a kind of enchanted palace,…to… Jo
nodded and laughed, and flourished her broom as she called out…

D J ’ b g b g

Ans. J ’ b g b g

J b ’ L ’
b b g ,
g L

NOTE: If the flow chart does not fit horizontally, either take 2 opposite pages to draw or draw it vertically
but do not take half up and half down or part up and part down.
A Pick out the words which mean: i fineries/grandeurs/majesties/magnificence [pg.3]
ii elated [pg.8]
Ans. i] glories
ii] euphoric, ecstatic, overjoyed
A Explain the “hidden glories” as Jo thought would be in the mansion.
A Note down the qualities of Jo as evident from the extract./Draw the character sketch of Jo.
A Note down the qualities of Jo from the following actions & thoughts of hers: That boy is suffering…so!
and I’ll toss up….she called out.
Ans. Jo was caring, concerned, friendly, cheering, optimism-filling.
A State if the following statements are true of false:
i The idea failed to amuse Jo.
ii The boy was cheerfully looking into their garden out of the upper window.

The extract -- “How do you do? Are you sick?… to… Shut the window, like a good boy, and wait till I come.”

Same question as different activities

A Note down the lack of options Laurie had to entertain himself/to keep himself happily occupied. [Note
down—in a short para of 2 to 4 sentences.]

A Enlist the lack of options Laurie had to entertain himself/to keep himself happily occupied. [Enlist—
make a list with no main verbs/not full sentences]

Ans. The lack of options Laurie had to entertain himself/to keep himself happily occupied:
1 Restrictions from his caretakers on reading due to his sickness
2 Grandpa not reading his choice of books, reading Grandpa’s level of books –so uninteresting
3 Laurie not liking anyone to see him, boys making a row, his head weak due to illness
4 Laurie not knowing any girls who would amuse him.

Vocabulary
1 Pick out from the extract [on pg.9] 4 pairs of describing words and the words they describe. 2 Pick out
from the extract [on pg.9] 4 compound words.
2 Read the word: Before. Is there a prefix in this word? Use it to make 4 words.
3 Read the word: Returned. Is there a prefix or a suffix used in it? Use it to make 4 other words.
Ans. 1 The Describing Words The Words they Describe
Summerlike atmosphere
Distracting, little cabinets
Queer tables
Great fireplace
Quaint tiles
Intense satisfaction
Happiest boy

Ans. 2 summerlike, fireplace, anything, gentleman, grandfather

Ans. 3 The word Before has a prefix ‘be’. 4 other words:

Belie
Befriend
Betoken
Beguile
Ans. 4 Returned has a prefix ‘Re’. Other words: Replace, repent, repaint, recur, renovate, remind, rebuild
The extract on pg.9] A Find out the proof that Jo was overjoyed at what she saw.
[Ans. /The proof for Jo being overjoyed is: ‘…she clapped her hands and pranced’]

1.2 On to the Summit: We Reach the Top By Tenzing Norgay (From the archives of TOI)
The extract Pg. 16 - When we left Camp Nine on Friday morning, … g 7 - confirm the
distance between the two of them.
Vocabulary
Explain: 1 alternated
2 Cuts the steps
3 going in leads
Ans. 1 Took turns/changed positions
2 Breaks the hard, slippery ice with an ice axe and makes a foot holding place on that surface
3 Taking charge in the upper position while scaling the mountain

Give reason/s:
1 Tenzing Norgay had to ask Colonel Hunt’s permission.
Ans. In mountaineering, there’s a team which is headed by a leader. The leader may remain till the base
camp/go along with the team. In this case, Colonel Hunt, the leader scaled till the base camp and stayed
put there. The team may be of members from one or more nations. Tenzing followed the protocol, needed
permission to represent India too and also was respectful. The Britain and Nepal nations had sent
members and the United Nations was being represented by them. Tenzing was a patriotic Nepali-Indian
and as he wished to hoist the Indian flag too when he reached atop Mt. Everest, he sought Colonel Hunt’s
permission.

2 The last sixty or seventy feet up the top were not very dangerous yet the 2 mountaineers kept up the
same steady pace.
Ans. The last lap of 60 to 70 feet to the peak of Mt. Everest was not perilous. However, the wise, cautious
and patient mountaineers knew it should be safe though slow but not hurried but dangerous or foolishly
risky. After reaching so far, taking a foolish/impatient risk to hurry up would end up being a disaster. It
was utmost needed to now succeed. Hence, they went slow as before to reach atop.

3 Hillary and Tenzing were tied in a rope.

Ans. Hillary and Tenzing were the only 2 mountaineers to scale atop Mt. Everest. They were trained
and were following the trained method of tying a rope around their waists binding each with the other to
be together, to not slip and co-ordinate. Hence, the statement.

4 Hillary and Tenzing drew the rope taut when on dangerous ground.
Hillary and Tenzing, the 2 mountaineers to scale atop Mt. Everest, were following the trained method of
tying a rope around their waists binding each with the other to be together, to not slip and co-ordinate.
The rope was loose when the climb up was not dangerous like very steep, slippery due to hard ice, sharp
edgy patch etc. However, it was necessary to be bound firmly when perilous patches of mountain came
as otherwise, the chances of one person slipping and facing the prospect of tumbling down into a gorge
existed.

5 Tenzing said, ‘What does it matter whether I reached the top first or Hillary?’**
Ans. Tenzing did not believe in fame and competition in being 1st to scale Mt. Everest’s summit. He
believed that he and Edmund Hillary were one team and not competitors for reaching first on the peak.
He knew both were each-other’s life-support and the key to the success of this adventure was their co-
operation, co-ordination, and working together. Thus, to that world which believes in such unhealthy
competition, he made this statement.

Explain:
1 ‘After one hour of steady going, we cut across from the south face and started up the west side’.
Ans. After one hour of continuous, at the same speed, without an untoward episode journey of
mountaineering, the mountaineers passed through the south direction and from then, went towards the
west.
2 The rope was a symbol. [Same question can be—Write what did the rope symbolize.]
Ans. The mountaineers, according to their professional training, had tied each end of one rope around
each one’s waist for mountaineering. Thus, the rope indicated unity, togetherness, support to each-other,
team-work, co-ordination, leading in turns, and saviours for each-other.
**3 ‘What does it matter whether I reached the top first or Hillary?’
Tenzing and Hillary were one team together working, risking mountains to achieve a then near-impossible
task of climbing the world’s highest peak, Mt. Everest. Co-ordination, support of/dependency on each-
other was crucial and indispensable. They were not competing against each-other to reach atop first. Such
a competition meant nothing, dangerous, and self-centeredness. None could succeed without the other.
It was not for fame that they were climbing but to achieve an adventurous, self-challenging feat. Hence,
the statement.
Extract pg 18 – When reached Kathmandu….fulfilment of this desire I had held so long.
A Pick out proof of 2 lines/sentences from the given extract stating that there was perfect comraderie
between Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay.
Ans. The proof of 2 lines/sentences from the given extract stating that there was perfect comraderie
between Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay is:
So we made a pact, and each of us signed it in the office of the Prime Minister of Nepal.
And--Thus, we will not take part in any controversy.
Also, We embraced each other overjoyed at our success./Hillary and I embraced when we reached the
top.

A Pick out proof of a sentence from the given extract stating that Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay did
good teamwork and co-ordinated with each-other.
Ans. The proof of a sentence from the given extract stating that Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay did
good teamwork and co-ordinated with each-other is—
As we climbed upwards to the South Summit, first one and then the other would take a turn at leading.

A Pick out proof from the extract that Tenzing was thankful to God. As per this
extract,
Ans. The out proof from the extract that Tenzing was thankful to God is—
this proof
My first thought on reaching the top was a sense of gratitude to God, that after
having failed six times, He had blessed me with fulfillment of this desire I had held
so long.

A Find proof for the fact that Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay were very happy on reaching atop Mt.
Everest.
The proof for the fact that Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay were very happy on reaching atop Mt.
Everest is--
We reached the summit almost together. We embraced each other overjoyed at our success
Give reason: Tenzing Sherpa and Edmund Hillar left their high camp on Mt. Everest.
Ans. Tenzing Sherpa and Edmund Hillar left their high camp on Mt. Everest for their attempt
to climb Mt. Everest peak.

Vocabulary A Give the meaning of the following:

1 talked it over
2 in accord with
Ans. 1 discussed some matter
In agreement with/be in harmony with/be consistent with

A Read the following words. Is there a prefix or a suffix in the given words? Use those to make 2 meaningful
words not in the extract with each..—
[1] fulfilment, statement [2] discovered [3] upwards
Ans. suffix – ment The words-- 1] achievement, contentment
2] prefix – dis The words--disrobe, disobey, displeasure, dissatisfaction
[Words with both, dis suffix and ment prefix--disenchantment, disappointment, disillusionment]
3] upend, upset, upturn

Extract pg 18 – My first thought on reaching the top – to pg. 19 – lying flat against the summit.
Global Understanding: A The following happenings are arranged in a jumbled order. Arrange them in
order of the sequence as it appears in the extract.
1 Tenzing offered a silent prayer to God.
2 Tenzing & Hillary reach atop Mt. Everest.
3 Hillary took photographs of Tenzing with the flags.
4 Tenzing held the flags.
Ans.
2 Tenzing & Hillary reach atop Mt. Everest.
1 Tenzing offered a silent prayer to God.
3 Hillary took photographs of Tenzing with the flags.
4 Tenzing held the flags.
Inference: A Pick out proof from the extract that Tenzing was religious.
The proof from the extract that Tenzing was religious is –
My first thought on reaching the top was a sense of gratitude to God, … after having failed …He had
blessed me with fulfillment of this desire …so long.
I placed on the summit the offerings to God that I had carried with me.
This is in accord with my religion. Both my wife and I are Buddhists.
I could not kneel ….equipment. But I offered a silent prayer in my heart.

A Pick out proof from the extract that Tenzing was thankful to God. As per this extract,
Ans. The proof from the extract that Tenzing was thankful to God is— this proof
My first thought on reaching the top was a sense of gratitude to God, that
after having failed six times, He had blessed me with fulfilment of this
desire I had held so long.
I placed on the summit the offerings to God. And I offered a silent prayer in my heart.

A Pick out proof from the extract that Tenzing was trustworthy for his daughter/kept his daughter’s trust
in him/was true to and caring towards his daughter.
The out proof from the extract that Tenzing kept his daughter’s trust in him/was true to and caring
towards his daughter is—
“I placed on the summit the offerings to God that I had carried with me. My youngest daughter, Nima,
had given me the pencil before I left home. She asked me to put it on the top of the mountain as her
offering. It was an ordinary blue pencil…it was one of her prized possessions.”

A Pick out proof that Hillary sensed Tenzing’s love for his daughter and her trust in him.
Ans. The proof that Hillary felt for the love of Tenzing for his daughter and the trust his daughter
had in him is—As I put it down, I pointed it out to Hillary. He gave me a big smile, showing that
he understood.

A Find proof from the extract that Hillary respected Tenzing’s patriotism and duty [towards
their team leader Colonel Hunt].
Ans. The proof from the extract that Hillary respected Tenzing’s patriotism and duty [towards their team
leader Colonel Hunt] is –
Hillary took the pictures as I held it up [Tenzing holding aloft the flags/the string to which the flags of Great
Britain, Nepal, the United Nations and India were tied]

Pick out the collocations from pages 18, 19, 20.

Ans. Vocabulary [In the exam 1
Prime Minister High camp extract to be asked and
Bulky equipment oxygen mask vocabulary activities from
ice axe prized possessions that extract will be asked—
water tumbler metal container goes without saying.] Mostly
climb down climb up 4 items for 2 marks
sleeping bags depending on the type of
[Note: climb in climb down and up here is a noun.] question.

A Pick out examples of Simile.

Ans. Below, all the hills and mountains looked like Gods and Goddesses to me.
The plains below looked like so many broken pieces of the map.
The question can be also asked as: A Name the figure of speech indicated by the underlined words [other
than alliteration]: Below, all the hills and mountains looked like Gods and Goddesses to me. The plains
below looked like so many broken pieces of the map.

Pg 0 O … j
A Give proof that Tenzing was extremely cautious, caring, and concerned for Hillary.
Ans. The proof that Tenzing was extremely cautious, caring, and concerned for Hillary is—
On the descent from the summit, I was walking behind Hillary. I was following him and holding the rope
tightly, and my determination was to make sure he descended safely.

A Give reason/s: The climb down was more difficult and dangerous than the climb up.
Ans. The climb down was more difficult and dangerous than the climb up as if any mountaineer slipped
down, one would go into Kangshung glacier and there would be no trace left of one.

A Prove that Tenzing was a believer in God and thankful to Him.

Ans. The proof that Tenzing was a believer in God and thankful to Him is—
“Thank God we have been spared an accident,…..” and
I had always prayed to God and he had saved me.

A Give reason: Tenzing drank the tea smelling kerosene.

Tenzing drank the tea smelling kerosene as he was caring, enduring, understanding, and generous. He
valued the efforts & the feelings of Noyce who had made tea & climbed several feet up the mountain for
caring for, welcoming, & providing with hot comfort Tenzing& Hillary.
Same question as another activity.
A Prove that Tenzing was caring and considerate.
Ans. The proof that Tenzing was caring and considerate is—
Another 50 feet down, we met Noyce who brought us more tea. This tea smelled kerosene. Apparently it
had been made in a hurry and somehow some kerosene got into the welcome cup. But I thought since
the gentleman had taken so much trouble to bring it, I was going to enjoy it whatever the smell.
A Pick out proof that Tenzing and Hillary were cared for/the other team members towards downside of
the mountain took pains and cared for Tenzing and Hillary.
The proof that Tenzing and Hillary were cared for/the other team members towards downside of the
mountain took pains and cared for Tenzing and Hillary is—
As we got nearer to Camp Eight, Lowe came to meet us and came up about 300 feet with tea and coffee.
And
Noyce who brought us more tea…. the gentleman had taken so much trouble to bring it…

Personal Response Activities [questions] [S ’ ]

A Write the message/s you get in the extract. [Answer in about 5 to 7 lines/3 to 4 sentences.]
A Note down the life skills that can be learnt when one goes mountaineering.
A Mention what life skills have you learnt in your life in one or two activities that you did.
A What do you learn from Tenzing and Hillary’s teaming up?
A What do you learn from Tenzing and Hillary’s efforts/actions/words for each other.
A Have you ever done any adventure sports? Write your experience in sentences of about 50 words.
A Note down about your fulfilment of your hobby or passion.
A Write about your experience of going with your close friend going for an adventure/expedition.
A Write about your experience of doing some activity/activities with your close friend.
A Write about your experience of team work with your college fellows.
A Share any one or two experiences of yours of the team work with your family.

Vocabulary
A Pick out the compound words from the extract.
Ans. Gentleman, Somehow, everything

A Give the antonyms of:

Descent
Difficult Dangerous
Safely
Tightly
Hope
Now
Ans. Descent x Ascent
Difficult x Easy
Dangerous x Safe
Safely x Riskily
Tightly x Loosely
Hope x Despair
Now x Later/Then

The following questions are based on the entire chapter. In exam, only extract-based questions will be
asked. Hence, wherever the episode, one of these questions can be asked.
A Give the importance of the following:
The Indian flag
The flags of the nations and the UN
The red scarf
The blue pencil
The offerings of biscuits
The water in the tumbler
The biscuits and the water in the water tumbler
The ice axe

Ans. Tenzing Norgay was a Nepalese-Indian. Reaching the Mt. Everest’s Summit was a joint effort of
various nations which the UN too supported. Tenzing was asked by Colonel Hunt, the expedition leader,
to hoist the flags of Great Britain, Nepal, and the UN but Tenzing being a patriot, had brought the Indian
flag on his own and he out of protocol and respect for the leader, sought permission to hoist the Indian
flag too. Thus, the Indian flag in the chapter is a symbol of patriotism and respect and protocol.
The flags of the nations and the UN—The flags of the nations, Britain, Nepal, and subsequently India
symbolize patriotism of the mountaineers for their nations and a symbol of co-ordination, co-operation,
and friendship of the nations as they made a joint effort to scale Mt. Everest. The UN supported the
expedition and the camaraderie and this co-ordination & co-operation of the nations thus making it a
symbol of support too.
The red scarf – It’s a symbol of support, friendship [of the fellow mountaineer], a strength-provider,
motivator and ecstasy-fountaining. Tenzing Norgay’s close friend and mountaineer, leader of the 1952
Swiss expedition had given it to Tenzing a year ago on the mountain. Remembering his close friend and a
joint mountaineering expedition, for Tenzing it became a source of support, friendship, and a fountain of
strength, zest, and ecstasy.
The blue pencil-- It’s a symbol of love, trust, and faith towards God. The small piece of blue coloured
pencil, very dear to Tenzing’s youngest daughter Nima, had been given out of her love for Tenzing and her
faith in God, by her to him for offering to God when he would successfully reach atop Mt. Everest summit.
He kept intact her trust in him that he would offer this pencil to God and out of his love for his daughter.
It was also Tenzing’s love for and faith in God.
The offerings of biscuits- Tenzing offered them to God on his success at summitting Mt. Everest. It is a
symbol of Tenzing’s gratitude and love for and faith in God. He believed it was because of God that he
could be successful in summitting Mt. Everest.
The water in the tumbler—It symbolizes the importance of water and the life skills needed for survival
on Mt. Everest. The water had frozen in the metal container and the thirsty Tenzing atop Mt. Everest
couldn’t quench his thirst. Later on, when they went down to Camp nine, Tenzing and Hillary had the
facility of heating the snow so they could drink water.
The biscuits and the water in the water tumbler—They symbolize the importance of water for a human
being, the techniques of survival atop mountains [the dry food form/non-perishable items of food—
biscuits] The water was unavailable in liquid form to quench Tenzing’s thirst. The biscuits they had helped
them fill their hungry stomachs.
The ice axe – It was a symbol of safety and security, survival technique and mountaineering technique and
tool. The ice axe helped the mountaineers cut the hard slippery ice for foot-hold on mountains while
scaling them. If the hard ice was not cut with the ice axe, the hard and slippery ice would not hold a
person. The mountaineer would slip on it and go tumbling down, possibly even in the gorge and die.

The extract -- Pg. 18 – first thought …till pg. 19 – offered some to Hillary
A Draw the flow chart of the actions as they occur.
 Draw the ow chart of Tenzin s ac ons as they occur.
Tenzing & Hillary reach atop Mt. Everest

Tenzing and Hillary started the descent

Ans. The ow chart of the ac ons as they occur.
Tenzing & Hillary reach atop Mt. Everest

Tenzing made the o erings to God [Buiscuits he carried and Nima s pencil, candy]

Tenzing took out the ags ed to a string

Tenzing ed the string s one end to his iceaxe & held one string for Hillary to photograph him with the ags
Tenzing buried one end of the string in the ice on top & the other end in the snow below laying the ags at
Tenzing and Hillary started the descent

A The following incidents are in a jumbled order. Arrange them in order of their occurrence as in the
extract.
I Tenzing placed the flags flat on Mt. Everest.
2Tenzing reached the summit with Hillary.
3 Tenzing held the flags and Hillary took photographs.
4 Tenzing offered biscuits and blue pencil to God.

Ans. 2 Tenzing reached the summit with Hillary.

4 Tenzing offered biscuits and blue pencil to God.
3 Tenzing held the flags and Hillary took photographs.
1 Tenzing placed the flags flat on Mt. Everest.

Other activities could be True or False, Correct the incorrect statements, web, table code-mixing etc.
Code-mixing – [pg.20] needed more “husiar” (caution)
Pg. 18- We reached the summit almost together to pg. 19 - biscuits and offered some to Hillary
A Draw the web with any 4 actions of Tenzing Norgay when he reached the summit.

Pg 0
g , g,
A Draw the web with any 4 ac ons of Tenzing Norgay when he reached the summit.

4 ac ons of Tenzing Norgay when he reached the summit

Ans.
Made o erings to God He held aloft the ags ed to a string

4 ac ons of Tenzing Norgay when he reached the summit

He got himself photographed by Hillary with the Laid down the ags on the summit securing
ags the 2 ends of the string on the ice and snow

A Correct the incorrect sentences:

1 I could kneel because of my clothes and equipment.
2 He gave me a faint smile, showing that he understood.
3 I fastened one end to my ice axe and Hillary took pictures as I held it up.
4 I ate some biscuits and offered some to Hillary.

Ans. 1 I could not kneel because of my clothes and equipment.

2 He gave me a big smile, showing that he understood.
3 and 4 correct

A Fill in the table with the actions of Tenzing and Hillary when they reached the summit.

Tenzing’s actions on summitting Mt. Everest Hillary’s actions on summitting Mt. Everest

Ans.

Tenzing’s actions on summitting Mt. Everest Hillary’s actions on summitting Mt. Everest
Made offerings to God Gave a big understanding smile to Tenzing
 Held the flags, tied the other end to the ice axe Photographed Tenzing with the flags
Note: No sentences in the table: only points/phrases/short lines & compulsorily draw the table.
A Give reasons. Tenzing offered his daughter’s blue pencil to God.
Tenzing’s daughter wished her best possessed item to be offered to God when Tenzing summitted Mt.
Everest. It also showed she had full faith in Tenzing’s capabilities and success and in God and put trust in
her father giving him her pencil knowing that he, offering her pencil to God, would keep up her trust in
him. So, Tenzing offered his daughter’s blue pencil to God.
A Draw the table noting down the qualities of Tenzing and Hillary as their actions reveal.
Tenzing’s Actions Tenzing’s Qualities Hillary’s Actions Hillary’s Qualities
Tenzing pointed to Hillary gave Tenzing a big smile
Hillary his offering of when Tenzing pointed out to
his daughter’s ordinary him his daughter’s tiny pencil’s
tiny blue pencil, offerings
Tenzing offered some Hillary photographed Tenzing
biscuits to Hillary holding the flags when they
both summitted Mt. Everest

Ans. NOTE: Any 2 to 3 correct qualities per action are to be written in the exam.
Tenzing’s Actions Tenzing’s Qualities Hillary’s Actions Hillary’s Qualities
Tenzing pointed to Friendly and Hillary gave Tenzing a Understanding and
Hillary his offering of understanding big smile when respectful towards his
his daughter’s towards his friend, Tenzing pointed out to friend and his friend’s
ordinary tiny blue caring, trustworthy him his daughter’s tiny daughter’s feelings
pencil, towards his daughter pencil’s offerings
Tenzing offered some Concerned about and Hillary photographed Feeling of comradery,
biscuits to Hillary caring for the Tenzing holding the respect, simple
fellow/team flags when they both hearted, generous,
mountaineer summitted Mt. Everest team-feeling [rather
than unhealthy
competition/one-
upmanship and
jealousy of who would
hold the flags and get
photographed]

The activities of the web and the table can be asked in a paragraph form also. Egs.
Other activities:
A Note down the actions of Tenzing and qualities revealed by his actions. [Same way for Hillary, Nima.]
A Note down the activities of Tenzing when he summitted Mt. Everest.
Or simply, A Note down the qualities of/ Draw the character sketch of Tenzing.
A Note down the qualities of/ Draw the character sketch of Hillary.
A Note down the qualities of/ Draw the character sketch of Nima.
A Give reasons:
1] Tenzing held the flags and photographed himself with them and subsequently he laid the flags on Mt.
Everest summit.
2] Hillary photographed Tenzing with the flags.
3] Hillary gave an understanding smile to Tenzing when Tenzing pointed out to him his daughter Nima’s
offering of the ordinary tiny blue pencil.
A Draw the table noting down the qualities of Tenzing as his actions reveal.

Tenzing’s Actions Tenzing’s Qualities

Ans.
Tenzing’s Actions Tenzing’s Qualities
Made offerings to God, Held the flags, laid the flags on the summit before leaving
Offered to God Nima’s ordinary
pencil, Prayed to God
Faithful towards God, theist, Patriotic, respectful towards other nations and the UN
thankful to God, keeper of trust and towards his superiors/leaders, dutiful
of others in him [here, his
daughter], simple-hearted

A Draw the table noting down the qualities of [Tenzing’s daughter] Nima as her actions reveal.

Nima’s Actions Nima’s Qualities

Ans.
Nima’s Actions Nima’s Qualities
Gave her pencil for offering to God atop Mt. Asked her dad Tenzing to offer to God the
Everest ordinary tiny blue pencil when he would
summit Mt. Everest
Faith in God, Trust [in her father that he would offer her tiny
Willingness of sacrificing her favourite pencil to God], innocent, simple, God-believer
valuable possession, Confidence in her [theist], confidence in her father’s abilities
father’s abilities, Optimism

Answers have already been given above in the table. In the questions here, you need to write the same
in sentences in a short paragraph for each answer to the question in Other activities above.

A The following happenings are in a jumbled order. Arrange them in order of occurrence in the extract.
1 As I had to bring my ice axe down with me, I buried one end of the string in the ice on the top, and the
other in snow on the slope down below.
2 I placed on the summit the offerings to God that I had carried with me.
3 Then I got out the flags which I had on piece of string about four feet long.
4 But I offered a silent prayer in my heart.

Ans.
2 I placed on the summit the offerings to God that I had carried with me.
4 But I offered a silent prayer in my heart.
3 Then I got out the flags which I had on piece of string about four feet long.
1 As I had to bring my ice axe down with me, I buried one end of the string in the ice on the top, and the
other in snow on the slope down below.
Note: Students, HSC Board Rule: Write the correct option number for each occurrence.

Vocabulary activities:
A Rewrite the given sentences filling in the blanks with the correct word given in the brackets:
1 Astronauts in space need special ___________ to experiment space impact on living beings.
2 Some lusty humans fight for others’ _________ forgetting we have to leave everything behind.
3 The forest rangers stopped the poachers from using the _______ to kill tiger.
4 The _________ of the vehicle having oil was leaking so the slum dwellers and the traffic police spread
mud over the road to stop the vehicles from skidding.
[axe, container, possessions, equipment]

Ans. 1 Astronauts in space need special equipment to experiment space impact on living beings.
2 Some lusty humans fight for others’ possessions forgetting we have to leave everything behind.
3 The forest rangers stopped the poachers from using the axe to kill tiger for its skin and organs.
4 The container of the vehicle having oil was leaking so the slum dwellers and the traffic police spread
mud over the road to stop the vehicles from skidding.
S , b ’ b

A Pick out from the extract the words/phrases which mean the following:
Thankfulness
Be harmonious with
Topmost
Belongings
Ans. Gratitude -- thankfulness
In accord with -- Be harmonious with
Summit – topmost
Possessions -- Belongings

pg. 19 –I was wearing a red scarf… till …pg. 20 - …would be no trace left of you.
Global Understanding/Evaluation
A Draw the table and complete it with the qualities of Tenzing as his thoughts/actions reveal.

Tenzing’s Thoughts/Actions Tenzing’s Qualities as Revealed from those

I wore it [the red scarf his great friend Lambert
had given him] all the way up the mountain from
Darjeeling.
 I was following him and holding the rope tightly,
and my determination was to make sure he
descended safely.

Ans. Note: Students, any 2 to 3 qualities for each action to be written in the table etc.

Tenzing’s Thoughts/Actions Tenzing’s Qualities as Revealed from those

I wore it [the red scarf his great friend Lambert Caring, valuing other’s feelings and simple gifts,
had given him] all the way up the mountain from closely friendly, respectful, nostalgic, oneness
Darjeeling. with his friend
I was following him and holding the rope tightly, Extremely concerned and caring, extremely
and my determination was to make sure he cautious/vigilant, good at working in team, a
descended safely. knowledgeable mountaineer

If this same question [qualities] is asked as: ‘Draw the character sketch of Tenzing.’ OR as—'Note down
the qualities of Tenzing.’ – then, your answer will be in a short paragraph of about 5 to 7 lines/2 to 3
sentences with 4 to 6 qualities with 2 to 3 instances in brief proving those qualities.
Complex Factual
A Draw the web with the description of the 4 sides of the summit.

The description of the 4 sides of the

summit

Ans.

Snow on northern side Rocks on the South side

The description of the 4 sides of the
summit
Rocks on the East side Snowy rock on the West

Complex Factual/Language study

A Tenzing has picturised the top of Mt. Everest in the extract. Now describe the top in your words.
The summit could contain 2-3 persons if foot-holding was carved in the ice and 20 to 30 feet down the it
was spacious for 2 people to doze in a pavilion. Levelled on 1 side and vertical on the other, the peak’s
North face was snowy, South and East stony and the West, snow-laden cum stony.
Inference: A Give reasons: 1 Tenzing’s next thought was how to get down safely.
2 The climb down was more difficult and dangerous than the climb up.
3 While descending, Tenzing was following Hillary and holding the rope tightly.
4 They were lucky that there was no gale atop.

Ans. 1 and 2 The descent was obviously more difficult than the ascent as it was slippery and dangerous,
given the vertical, rocky, and icy mountains and the human incline would be in downwards motion and
force. One wrong step, error, or a slip, and a mountaineer could fall into the Kangshung glacier from where
there would be no return. Hence, Tenzing’s next thought was how to get down safely.

3 Tenzing was highly concerned about and caring for his fellow mountaineer, Hillary. Theirs had to be a
team work. Both had achieved success in summitting Mt. Everest with each-other’s support and
leadership. The descent was far more difficult than the ascent due to the slippery, dangerous vertical,
rocky, and icy mountains and a slip could plunge one into the Kangshung glacier from where there would
be no return. Also, Tenzing being behind it was his duty to hold the downward force and incline of the
mountaineer below. The rope bound both for this reason just as during the ascent. So the statement.

4 The mountaineers, Tenzing and Hillary succeeded in summitting Mt. Everest. Waiting for a little more
than 15 minutes for being soaked in that great feeling of being on Mt. Everest’s summit, they were
opportune to do so because there was no gale nor would they have been called successful in completing
their adventure in that case as they would not have survived, the gale blowing them away. Hence, the
statement.

Complex factual/global understanding/language study:

A Answer in your own words: I felt absolutely fit….sensation.
Tenzing felt completely healthy atop the peak. His mind was pure. He wasn’t worn-out. Rather, he was
ecstatic. It was a pure feeling.

Give the synonyms of the following words:

Exhilarated
Steep
Gale
Safely

Ans. Ecstatic/Euphoric/Elated --Exhilarated

Vertical --Steep
Storm/Tempest --Gale
Securely --Safely

Pick out the words from the extract:

Flat broad and long levelled surface, Resolve, On the hind side, Hard/tough

Ans. Plain - Flat broad and long levelled surface

Determination – Resolve
Behind - On the hind side
Difficult – hard
A Read the word – determination. Which suffix has been added to this word to make it a noun? Use it to
make 4 meaningful words not in the extract.
Ans. The suffix ‘tion’. The words: Examination, Lamination
Graduation, Formation
Aspiration, Exhalation, Desperation

See the collocations on this chapter in the ppt.

Personal Response Questions: Your own answers. NOT from the extract/NOT similar to the
lesson/extract.
A Note down the life skills you learn from mountaineering/trekking.
A Note down your learnings from any 2 extra curricular activities you participated in.
A Write down your learnings from any social activities you did in your locality/with your family.
A Write down the take home lessons from the extract.
A Did you ever face a life and death situation? Note down your actions at that time.
A Did you ever face a life and death situation? Write down your emotions at that time.
A Express your one of the most favourite gifts and the reasons for it being a favourite.
A Do you pray to God? Express its impact on you and your life.
A Do you ever thank God? Note down the reasons for the same.
A Detail how you and your friend collaborate in any work/activity/studies.
A Do you always respect your elders? Mention their feelings.
A Do you always respect your elders? Mention it’s impact on you.
A Convey the manner in which you express your patriotism.
A Do you like adventures? Give reasons for the same.
A Do you like adventures? Narrate in about 5 to 6 lines/2 to 4 sentences your experience of any one.

1.3 The Call of the Soil By Venkateshwaran Iyer [Venkat Iyer]

From A Scent of Rice The First Crop …It was April 2004. I stood in the middle …to… the best seeds were
available in Surat in the adjacent state of Gujarat.

Global understanding: 1Draw the web with the description of nature.

Ans.
The description of nature
Predawn Bright orange sky 2

The description of nature

Damp earth Dewdrops falling off the sparkling with dew

leaves
Draw the web with the description of the farm.
 Ans.
The description of the farm
Lush green leafy moong plants dew drops dampening earth, sparkling
leaves

The description of the farm

Rows of chikoo trees Fuzzy green unripe pods on 2-feet tall

moong plants

Same question as a different activity: 3 Match the following:

Description Object
1 Bright orange Earth
2 Damp with dew drops Sky
3 Dense Moong pods
4 Fuzzy, unripe Moong foliage

Ans.

Description Object
1 Bright orange Sky
2 Damp with dew drops Earth
3 Dense Moong foliage
4 Fuzzy, unripe Moong pods

Complex Factual/Vocabulary:

1 Fill in the describing words for the objects as given in the extract:
The sky The feet The ground The moong plants

Ans.
The sky The feet The ground The moong plants
Bright orange Bare, muddy of the Damp Having dense
moist earth foliage/copiously
leafy, hanging fuzzy
unripe pods

Global Understanding:
A Rewrite the given statements and state whether they are true or false:
1 It was April 2024.
2 He was keen that we plant moong at once.
3 I was not prepared for this.
4 I was still reading books and trying to figure out what we could sow and how we should go about it.

Ans. 1 It was April 2024. True

2 He was keen that we plant moong at once. True
3 I was prepared for this. False
4 I was ready with the idea of what we could sow and how we should go about it. False

A Correct the incorrect statements:

1 Around me were rows of moong plants and below a dense foliage of chikoo plants.
2 The ground was dry and the leaves were dark.
3 After I had paid the advance money for the land, I thought I would have some time to get familiar with
farming.
4 He was keen that we plant moong at once.

Ans. 1 Around me were rows of chikoo trees and below a dense foliage of moong.
2 The ground was damp and the leaves were shining with dew.
3 and 4 – Correct

A The following happenings are in a jumbled order. Arrange them in order of their occurrence.
1 But Moru Dada, the broker who got us the land, had other ideas.
2 Moru Dada was quite firm.
3 After I had paid the advance money for the land, I thought I would have some time to get familiar with
farming.
4 I was not prepared for this.

Ans. 3 After I had paid the advance money for the land, I thought I would have some time to get familiar
with farming.
1 But Moru Dada, the broker who got us the land, had other ideas.
4 I was not prepared for this.
2 Moru Dada was quite firm.

A Pick the odd man out:

1 advance-moong plants
2 figure out-what to sow
3 season-not right for moong
4 the best seeds-Gujarat

Ans. 1 advance-moong plants

3 season-not right for moong

Complex Factual: 1] Describe the beauty of nature in your words on the basis of what has been picturized
in the extract. [in about 50 words]
Ans. Dawn was about to break with nature painting the firmament a glowing orange. The earth had been
moistened by the melting dew drops. Copious greens were sprouting from the seeds in the farm. The
biggest star went above the horizon and peeked from above the massively tall trees.

2] Describe the farm.

The leaves shiny with the dewdrops dropped them wetting the earth. The moist mud clung to the feet of
the farmer. Rows of chikoo trees made the farmer obvious of their presence. The thin but aplenty greens
had begun to sprout from the moong seeds. The 2 feet tall plants were heavy with copious green pods,
not yet ready for reaping.

Inference:
A Give reasons: 1 The writer was unwilling to immediately start farming activities.
2 Moru dada was quite firm.
Ans. The writer was unacquainted with farming activities as he had recently taken up farming from being
in a corporate job. He had newly purchased the farm and being inexperienced, needed time to know about
the farming work. Hence, the statement.
2 – see the below activity 2 in completion activity.

Inference: The above activities can also be asked as the following:

A Rewrite the given lines and complete it: 1 The writer was unprepared to plant moong at once as ___
2 Moru dada was quite firm as the season _______
Ans. 1 The writer was unprepared to plant moong at once as he thought he would have some time to get
familiar with farming after purchasing the land for it.
2 Moru dada was quite firm as the season was right for sowing moong and the best seeds were available
in Surat in the adjacent state of Gujarat.

PR: Note down in about 50 words/6 to 7 lines what you know about harvest. [Student’s reply.]
Creativity: Compose poetic lines from the words in the lines: It was just…dew. [Such activities in Poems]
Ans. Brush strokes of Nature emboldened
The predawn firmament painted an orange glow
’
T ’

Vocabulary activities
Word Register-Find any 4 technical terms/words from the extract related to agricultural activities.
Ans. Fuzzy unripe moong pods, plant, right season for sowing, sowing, seeds, seeds available in the
adjacent state, inspecting the plants
1 Give the meanings of – i] Lush ii] foliage iii] exhilarated iv] pods
Ans. i] lush means aplenty
ii] foliage – greenary/leafy/shrubbery
iii] exhilarated – ecstatic/ jubilant
iv] pods – husks/shells

2 Pick out the words that mean- i] animated or elated ii] next to or adjoining something else iii] sky-
scraping iv] a mass of curly fibre
i] Exhilarated – Animated
ii] adjacent - next to or adjoining something else
iii] towering - sky-scraping
iv] fuzzy - a mass of curly fibre

A Pick out any 2 compound words.

Ans. Sunrise, anything
A Give from the extract the synonyms of - i] dense ii] exhilarated iii] towering] iv] hairy
Ans. i] lush
ii] ecstatic/jubilant
iii] tall
iv] fuzzy

A Read the word: ‘before’. Which prefix has been utilized in this word? Use it to make 4 meaningful words
not in the extract.
Ans. Behind, below, beleaguered, befriend, bedazzled, beneath

Use ‘ ’ as a verb and also as a noun in the same sentence of your own, not based on the extract.
Ans. The evil ladies were pained to harvest in their old age the harvest that they had created for others
for years./Children harvest the fruits of their humane qualities in later life and that harvest is their parents’
and their good work.

Some vocabulary for you: Synonyms- gather reap pick collect garner Synonyms - reaping picking
collecting garnering gathering gleaning [Note : the gerunds here] gingerly: very cautious or careful
foliage: the leaves of a tree or a plant dense - here--impenetrable, thick others - heavy, opaque, murky,
soupy Harvest -- noun - the process or period of gathering in crops/Harvest-gather (a crop) as a harvest.
Fuzz - a frizzy/curly mass of hair or fibre Frizzy-a mass of small, tight curls

Synonyms of figure out - make head or tail of make out fathom reason puzzle out decipher
solve make sense of think out think through get to the bottom of
Synonyms of Unravel--understand comprehend workout see grasp get the hang of crack
get the drift of
Synonyms of Calculate-- compute reckon assess ascertain
Exercise: Give the synonyms of -- Entangled---______________________
Fun games: Use the above words-meanings and the synonyms in sentences of your own. Make these sentences on
your life, on occasions related to your friends, and family members.
Fun games: Use the above words and their synonyms in the sentences of your own. Make these
sentences on your life, on the occasions related to your friends and family.

The extract from S b g … … we would not plant hybrids this year.

Inference: 1] Bring out in about 50 words the contrast in the opinions of the author and Moru Dada.
Ans. Moru Dada, as he used to himself farm, asked the writer to spray chemical pesticides on the crops
whereas the writer was firm to not use chemicals and grow the crops naturally. Moru Dada believed in
higher yields due to the chemical pesticides and considered writer’s decision as hara-kiri [self-destructive].
Whereas the writer trusted nature to do its work naturally.

2] Give reason/s - The writer terms the moong he grew as ‘respectable’.

Moru Dada asked the writer to spray chemical pesticides on the crops whereas the writer was firm in not
doing so. Moru Dada believed in higher yields due to the chemical pesticides and considered writer’s
decision as hara-kiri [self-destructive]/that the crops would otherwise perish. The writer trusted nature
to do its work naturally. When moong crops were harvested, the quantity obtained without chemical
pesticides was 300 kilograms so the writer considered it as quite good, worthy of respect to nature and
his decision of naturally growing the crops.

3] Complete the following - The reason the writer says the land was fertile and that it was possible to grow
crops without chemicals is/are __
Ans. The reason the writer says that it was possible to grow crops without chemicals is that inspite of the
writer not using chemical pesticides on crops, his belief that nature would protect the crops and give a
good yield came true. Without chemicals, naturally the writer was able to get from earth 300 kgs. of
moong thus proving the land to be fertile.

[4] Find out the lines / words / facts that prove / Prove - the land was fertile and that it was possible to
grow crops without chemicals.
Ans. The lines / words / facts that prove the land was fertile and that it was possible to grow crops without
chemicals are—
‘Contrary to what everyone had told us, nature did her job and she needed no bribes to get the work
done. Soon it was harvest time and we managed a respectable 300 kilograms. An awful lot of moong and
with it a lot of confidence. Now I was certain the land was fertile and that it was possible to grow crops
without chemicals.’
[5] The reason/s for the writer’s confidence was/were_______ [See ans. 4]
[6] PR-Note down the benefits of growing the traditional variety of rice/compare the agricultural
requirements of traditional variety of rice v/s the GR4 or hybrid variety of rice. [Student’s answer]
1 Eg. Given here - Ans. The benefits of growing the traditional variety of rice are that they are durable,
sustain natural calamities like flash floods, are delicious, aromatic, need no chemicals & no increasing
quantity of chemicals & water as every year passes unlike the GR4/hybrid variety of rice which have a
yearly increasing need of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, & water & are tasteless.

[7] Pick out proof to support the answer to the statement: Moru Dada was helpful to the writer.
Ans. The proof to support the answer to the statement: ‘Moru Dada was helpful to the writer’ is: Moru
Dada rented his tractor to plough the land and quickly planted moong all over the place.

NOTE: The answers depend on the given extract. For eg., answer to question 7 above.

Vocabulary
1 Pick out the words/terms which mean the following - [i] self-ruin/self-destruction [ii] a sudden feeling
of excitement and pleasure.
2 Give another word/other words for - overjoyed, advice
3 Use in a sentence of your own - morale booster
Ans. [i] self ruin / self destruction - hara-kiri
[ii] a sudden feeling of excitement and pleasure - thrilled
3 Give the meanings of hara-kiri, morale booster
Ans. hara-kiri: a formal way of killing yourself by cutting open your stomach with a sword.
morale booster – someone/something that increases one’s confidence or one’s self-esteem
4 Find 4 words from the extract related to agriculture. [Word register] Ans. Plough, tractor, land, planted,
moong growing, higher yield, pesticide, crops, fertile land

A Read the details in the below table. Add points for organic farming benefits and the harms of
conventional farming/farming with chemicals. Personal Response.

Conventional and organic farming methods have different consequences on the

environment and people. Note down the different consequences each has.

* *
* *
* *
* *

Different consequences on the environment and people that the Conventional and organic
farming methods have:
Organic farming
Conventional agriculture
*A smaller carbon footprint
*Causes increased greenhouse gas emissions
*Conserves and builds soil health
*Soil erosion
*Replenishes natural ecosystems for cleaner
*Water, Soil & Air Pollution
*Threatens human health: Cancer, Kidney & water and air
Heart failures Muscle ailments etc. *No toxic pesticide residues
*Deaths of helpful insects, organisms *More nutrients, freshness & health
*Lesser Nutrients on consumption *Preserves life for helpful creatures like
earthworms, bees etc.
Global Understanding:
A Complete the flowchart with the successive steps of the growing of moong by the writer.
The successive steps of the growing of moong by the writer

The writer buys 10 kg moong from Surat

The writer harvests a good 300 kg. moong

Ans. The successive steps of the growing of moong by the writer

The writer buys 10 kg moong from Surat

Moru Dada rents his tractor for ploughing [the ploughing of moong]

Moru Dada quickly plants moong on the land

Tiny green leaves grow a few days later

The writer naturally grows them refusing to use chemicals

The writer harvests a good 300 kg. moong

The extract from In April 2005, … I moved on to the next destination.

Inference: 1] Read these sentences :‘Most of the farmers in and around the village of Peth had switched
over to hybrids. The younger generation of farmers thought I was crazy to ask for the ‘desi’ variety, as
they called it’. These sentences tell you that the trend in the farming was ________

Ans. ‘Most of the farmers in.. village..to ask for the ‘desi’ variety, as they called it.’ These
sentences tell one that the trend in the farming was that the less educated and less aware farmers went
by the existing trends just like most people in the society. As the technology and research developed,
hybrid seeds which grew faster started being used and the traditional durable, aromatic, healthy crops
were sidelined and forgotten. The government files and the market too were unaware of traditional seeds.
Thus, when the writer wished to grow the old, healthy crop, the villagers thought he was crazy to ask for
the ‘desi’ i.e. local/Indian traditional seed.

2] Choose the correct option & fill in the answer : Two sentences are given here - ‘A visit to the agricultural
officer was enlightening.’ and ‘Cursing myself for wasting time with him I moved on to the next
destination.’ In the context of the extract, these tell you that the writer ________ Choose the correct
option - [i] gave up hope on finding any such variety of rice as he came to know it did not exist. [ii]
considered talking to the agricultural officer proved to be a waste of time as he could not tell him where
the writer would find the rice variety he was looking for
& the writer’s assumption that the Government may know about this proved wrong.

Ans. In the context of the extract, the given sentences tell me that the writer [ii] considered talking to the
agricultural officer proved to be a waste of time as he could not tell him where the writer would find the
rice variety he was looking for & the writer’s assumption that the Government may know about this
proved wrong.

3] Fill in with the right word/s-When it comes to going back to our roots/searching for age old traditional
things, one can trust the _____.
Ans. When it comes to going back to our roots/searching for age old traditional things, one can trust the
wise, experienced aged.

5 Give reasons/Enlist the reasons: Note: Students, Give reasons will be in a para, enlist number-wise
The writer wanted to grow the traditional variety of rice because
1. of that variety being durable and healthy
2. his 1 neighbour in the village, a businessman, had suggested him this local & scented variety of rice.
6 The writer almost gave up hope of finding the desi variety of rice because
1. Most of the farmers in and around the village of Peth had switched over to hybrids so the younger
generation of farmers thought the writer was crazy to ask for the ‘desi’ variety, as they called it.
2. His regular visits to the villages around searching for a good traditional variety also did not yield any
results.
Complex factual: Mention the varieties of rice from the passage & their features as given.

Ans.
The varieties of rice from the passage & their features as given
Basmati [Currently grown too] Traditional Kasbai [Grown earlier]
Compared to Kasbai, shorter duration Longer duration
Stronger aroma Comparatively milder but distinct aroma

Vocabulary 1 Give word/s for - [i] a pleasant scent / fragrance [ii] succeed in achieving something despite
difficult circumstances [iii] cheat or swindle someone [iv] talk rapidly and at length
Ans. 1 [i] aroma
[ii] manage to
[iii] taking for a ride
[iv] rattled off

2 Pick out from the extract 2 examples of code-mixing.

Ans. 2 [i] desi variety [desi]
[ii] Milder than Basmati [Basmati – name from the aroma]

3] Enlightening= en[prefix]+lightening Make 4 meaningful words, not in the extract, with prefix ‘en’.
Ans. 3 Enmesh
Enroute
Entourage
Entail
Encourage

4 [i] Use the idiom ‘to take for a ride’ in a sentence of your own.
[ii] Use ‘meaningful conversations’ in a sentence of your own.
NOTE: More sentences given for your learning & to understand the diverse topics you can write on.
Ans. 4 i If one isn’t street smart today, many people will take them for a ride./
The gullible innocent citizen in the outstation train was taken for a ride by a disguised thief and looted.
[i] The wily people at work always take the innocent, naïve simple ones for a ride.
4 ii We same sounding board friends have meaningful conversations about poetry and short stories./
Many people keep rattling irrelevant matters and gossip failing to have meaningful conversations./ Due
to the latest developments in the youths of our college winning the international award for their views on
the latest topic of the nation, our class, in months, got engaged in meaningful conversations./As we
started reading the magazines in the magazine reading class, many of us broke into meaningful
conversations which we hadn’t had in years.

Give the meanings of: [i] enlightening, [ii] disappeared [iii] traditional [iv] variety
Ans. [i] enlightening -give greater knowledge and understanding
[ii] not seen, not visible, not viewable
[iii] Old, some trend/custom going on since olden times
[iv] type

‘Enlightening’ – This word has been made with a prefix ‘en’. Make 4 meaningful words [not from the
extract] with it.
Ans. Encapsulate
Enchant
Enmesh
Entail
Enrapture

Give 4 compound words from the extract.

Ans. long-grained
long-duration
something
businessman
The extract—from--This time it was the Adivasi Mahamandal …to... take up a second crop.

Inference: A Mention the reason/s for the farmers switching over to hybrid varieties of seeds.
Ans. Kasbai was a long-duration rice. With the initiation of irrigation facilities and the hybrid seeds being
the modern easily accessible ones, the farmers were opportune to grow a second crop so they started
growing the shorter duration hybrids for an early harvest to make way for another crop for more profits.
Kasbai stopped being in the government records. The market stopped recognizing the rice so if the grew
it they would not be able to sell it.

A Baban and the writer started looking for Devu Handa.

Ans. The writer was determined to search for the traditional, durable, and healthy variety or rice, Kasbai.
Baban was his assistant farmer. After failed efforts to get information about Kasbai, they went to Adivasi
Mahamandal agricultural officer who mentioned the rice having been sold to him a few years ago. This
lead being a ray of light, the writer and Baban went in search of the Devu Handa thinking he being old and
a ex-sarpanch would be aware of the rice.

A Give reasons:
Devu Handa’s eyes turned dreamy/Devu Handa drifted into the past.
Ans. When the writer asked Dhanivari’s aged ex-sarpanch Devu Handa about the traditional rice Kasbai,
he nostalgically got lost in the past of the entire village growing this rice filling it with this rice’ aroma they
got the honour to treat the guests—the passers-by with this food. He was fondly reminiscent of how the
passing villagers or outsiders were charmed by the aroma of this rice. He missed this rice as the current
varieties were insipid. Thus the statement.

A Give reasons: The people passing Dhanivari village during lunchtime would be forced to stop and ask
for a meal from the villagers.
Ans. The traditional variety of rice, Kasbai, which Dhanivari villagers grew long back, was so aromatic that
then the passing outsiders or other villagers would be instantly attracted, with an increased appetite and
desire to have this rice.

A Was the writer’s visit to the Adivasi Mahamandal fruitful? Substantiate your answer with the help of
the extract.
Ans. The writer’s visit to the Adivasi Mahamandal was fruitful to an extent. Though the records at the
Adivasi Mahamandal had no information of the traditional aromatic variety of rice, Kasbai, the officer
incharge there had more knowledge of rice and did remember Kasbai being sold to him a few years ago.
That officer at the Mahamandal gave the writer a lead and a hope to find this healthy variety.

A Find proof: Kasbai rice was very popular with the outside villagers.
Ans. The proof for ‘Kasbai rice was very popular with the outside villagers.’ is –
"There was a time when people passing our village during lunchtime would be forced to stop and ask for
a meal. Such was the alluring aroma of Kasbai." [When the entire area would have this heady aroma
hanging in the air as all the houses cooked the same rice.]

Global Understanding: A Correct the incorrect sentences.

1 So in Adivasi Mahamandal, Baban and I started looking for Devu Handa.
2 Such was the alluring aroma of the hybrids.
3 He claimed he had to force himself to eat this rice that was so insipid!
4 However, the officer incharge here had more knowledge of rice.

Ans. 1 So in Dhanivari, Baban and I started looking for Devu Handa.

2 Such was the alluring aroma of Kasbai.
A State if the following statements are true or false. Write the complete statements.
1 However, the officer incharge here had more knowledge of rice and did remember Kasbai being sold to
him a few years ago.
2 Today, he said, no one grew Kasbai and everyone had shifted to growing the new hybrid varieties.
3 His eyes turned dreamy and with a tremble in his voice he told us how the entire village at one time
grew only Kasbai.
4 The entire area would have this heady aroma hanging in the air as all the houses cooked the same rice.

Ans. 1 However, the officer incharge here had more knowledge of rice and did remember Kasbai being
sold to him a few years ago. True
2 Today, he said, no one grew Kasbai and everyone had shifted to growing the new hybrid varieties. True
3 His eyes turned dreamy and with a tremble in his voice he told us how the entire village at one time
grew only Kasbai. True
4 The entire area would have this heady aroma hanging in the air as all the houses cooked the same rice.
True

Pick out examples of code-mixing from the extract.

Ans. [it was the ] Adivasi, Mahamandal [which buys] , [an ex-] sarpanch, [on a] charpoy, Dhanivari [local
name of a village which means a place where plenty of rain water is filled/available during the rains [vari]
and ‘dhan’ i.e. rice is grown.

Pick out from the extract the words/phrases that mean [i] lacking in qualities that interest, stimulate, or
challenge, dull, flat. [ii] attractive [iii] arrival [iv] separated & moved to
Ans. [i] insipid [ii] alluring
[iii] advent [iv] drifted

Use in a sentence of your own - to drift into the past

Ans. On the mention of how the festivals were celebrated in their times, my grandparents nostalgically
drifted into the past.

Try and find out how the name Dhanivari must have come into existence.
Mandal - noun. An administrative division in some parts of India, constituting a subdivision of a district;
a subdistrict.

Dhanivari [Dhaniwadi] - a village known for growing rice---rice needs a lot of water so a farm which is
given ample of water for growing rice

Rice Wadi - an area in which water is filled only during the rains

In marathi--near river bank a valley, ravine, or channel that is dry except in the rainy season. translation
of 'wadi' ओहोळ (फक्त पावसाळी वाहणारा ओढा) वाडीतील, वाडी, ओहोळ (फक्त पावसाळी वाहणारा ओढा), ओहोळ,
नदीचे खोरे a river meets the ocean but prior to that that place/area where different streams, other
tributaries, rivers, rivulets meet one river before that river meets the ocean, that area is called WADI

… - I asked why he had shifted if he was so unhappy b … she did

have the rice and wanted to know who we were and why we wanted it.
Some words-meanings: Insatiable: impossible to satisfy reminiscing: remembering a story about a past
event lamented: a passionate expression of grief ramshackle: in a state of severe disrepair Pada -
colony mohalla hamlet [hamlet-a settlement smaller than a village] Pada- an eg. of code-mixing
Bori - jujube tree [joo-joob] [red dates] [Bori-an eg. of code-mxing]

Language Study – A Use in a sentence of your own - fall in line with [accepting & agreeing]
Ans. Today’s students have no option but to fall in line with the percentage hype.

A Pick out from the extract any 4 correct pairs of describing words and the words that they describe.

Ans. Describing words The words they describe

Unhappy he
More water, fertilizers, pesticides
Good yields
Instatiable appetite
Flash floods
Sure he
Single villager
Local dialect
Thick vegetation
Numerous streams and ditches
Sleepy hamlet
Ramshackle houses
Right place
Wrinkled, old woman
Crucial question
Quick interpretation
[the, a, an – are special adjectives too]

Pick out from the extract the modifying words with the words they modify. [Any 4 correct needed.]
Ans. Modifying words The words they modify
Fondly remembered
Initially good
Still standing
Gently guided
Still grew
Lovingly blessed
Very fluent

Vocabulary – A] Pick out the word that means [i] remembering a story about a past event
[ii] impossible to satisfy [iii] regret [iv] produce [v] rickety / in a dangerous condition seeming
about to collapse [vi] decisive or critical, especially in the success or failure of something/of
great importance [4 items will be asked in the exam.]

Ans. [i] reminiscing [ii] insatiable

[iii] rue [iv] yields
[v] ramshackle [vi] crucial

Vocabulary - A] i] Pick out the examples of code-mixing.

A ii] Examples of compound words from the extract are ____
Ans. i] Adivasi, Sarpanch, Asavari, Boripada [the names of the villages are based on meaningful local
words.]
Ans. ii] farewell, foothills, ramshackle, half-hour

A Examples of collocations are ___

Ans. flash floods, local dialect, fall in line, crucial question

Give the synonyms of: lamented, remembered, appetite, shift, return, receded, strength, scramble, ditch,
stream
Ans. lamented-rued/regretted
Remembered-recalled
Appetite – hunger/craving
Shift – move, change
receded – ebbed
strength – stamina
Scramble – ascent, climb, clamber, hike, journey
Ditch –trench, channel
Stream—rivulet, brook, watercourse
Find from the extract the words which mean:
accepting & agreeing
go back
moved back/ebbed
a way of pronouncing words/impact of local languages and/or regions on the pronunciation of another
language
[See for answer the below words/meanings]

Give the meanings of: fall in line, return, recede, dialect

Ans. Fall in line – accepting & agreeing
Return – go back
Recede – move back/ebb
Dialect – a way of pronouncing words/impact of local languages and/or regions on the pronunciation of
another language

Read the given words - unhappy, insatiable Is there a prefix or a suffix in each of these words? Use these
to make 4 meaningful words with each.
Ans. Un and in – prefixes
Undeniably
Untenable
Unanswerable
Unsatisfied
Unqualified
Indefatiguable
Inmate
Incapable
Indelible
Indefensible
Inharmonious
1] SHADES OF MEANING [Some words may have more than 1 meaning. Here, the meaning as per the
extract and other meaning/s.
i] What does Gravel mean? Give the meaning as per the extract and other meaning/s.
Ans. Gravel as a noun-pebbles/stones/a loose aggregation of small water-worn or pounded stones.
But, Gravel as a verb - 1 cover [and area of ground] with gravel informal
2. make [someone] angry on annoyed
ii] What does wrinkled mean? Give the meaning as per the extract and other meaning/s.
Ans. Wrinkled as per the extract means creases in the skin due to ripe old age.
Wrinkled also means crumpled eg. A wrinkled/crumpled paper

A] Unhappy, Released
The above 2 words have prefixes in them. Use these prefixes to make 2 meaningful words for each not
from the extract.
Un – unreliable, unable, untrustworthy, unbiased
Re- Rechecked, rearrange, reorganize, reassemble

A] Insatiable, informed – Which prefixes are used in these words? Use this prefix AND make 4 meaningful
words.

Write the answers to this in an appropriate activity pattern: Match the words/phrases with their meanings:
[The immediate previous 2 extracts] In exam, 4 items will be asked for 2 marks.

A B
*alluring *the state of one’s mind slipping into past
memories
*insipid *powerfully and mysteriously attractive or
fascinating
*advent *lacking in qualities that interest, dull, flat
*to drift into the past *arrival
*indication *distinctive, typically pleasant smell, a smell
*insatiable that pervades the atmosphere
*aroma *a sign or a symptom that informs or suggests
something
*[of an appetite or desire] impossible to satisfy
*gravel *pebbles/collectively small weather-worn stones

Ans.
A B
*alluring *powerfully and mysteriously attractive or fascinating
*insipid *lacking in qualities that interest, dull, flat
*advent *arrival
*to drift into the past *the state of one’s mind slipping into past memories
*indication *a sign or a symptom that informs or suggests
something
*aroma *distinctive, typically pleasant smell, a smell
that pervades the atmosphere
*insatiable *[of an appetite or desire] impossible to satisfy
*gravel *pebbles/collectively small weather-worn stones
Note: This is THE only correct way of answering match the following activity.
Inference - [1] If the harvest would be over then why would Devu Handa’s field be a treat for the
cattle?/Give reasons: After the harvest, the cattle would treat themselves at Devu Handa’s field./Mention
Devu Handa’s problem if he in the current times would grow Kasbai.

Ans. Other farmers grew short duration crops. So, the farmers would let loose their cattle after the
harvest. The cattle needed to be let loose for grazing which could be done only after the farmers had
harvested their crops and would keep them safe. On the other hand, if in such a scenario, Devu Handa
would choose to grow Kasbai, a long duration crop, other farmers’ cattle would enter his field and eat up
Kasbai.

[2] He said that yields were good initially but of late, had reduced a lot.-This statement proves_

Ans. He said that yields were good initially but of late, had reduced a lot. - This statement proves that the
hybrid variety of crops reduced in quantity with passing years though and this was probably due to their
need for more chemical fertilizers, pesticides and reducing quality, comparatively with the good quality
durable traditional crop of strength, Kasbai.

[3] Give reasons: The writer calls the Kasbai rice elusive.

Ans. The writer faced difficulties in getting the information about the presence of Kasbai itself. Everybody
grew the new fast-growing hybrid varieties and were ignorant of Kasbai. He went to a few places like the
Adivasi Mahamandal, government offices etc. for government records but failed. Everytime the writer
went anywhere in the hope, he did not get any information. Then, the ex-sarpanch of Dhanivari gave them
the information of a possibility. The writer had to travel over the hilly, rocky terrain in search of Kasbai
with a person knowing the Adivasi’s local dialect. Hence, when they finally got Kasbai, he terms it as
‘elusive’.

Inference/Language Study: Complete the blanks with a term for what these statements prove to
be/indicate - He said that yields were good initially but of late, had reduced a lot. Besides he said that
each year they had to increase the quantity of urea and pesticides they used. ______

Ans. A lament/A regret

[4] Explain: Sleepy hamlet.

Ans. A tiny village with not much activity in it. / A tiny village where not many people are living and hence,
not much activity in it.

[1] These were the people who still held on to the rich biodiversity of our land and no one even cared
about them. Do you agree with the writer’s view that these are the ‘real people’ of India? Justify/Give
reasons for your answer. /How do you think the simple Adivasis preserve the rich biodiversity of our land?
Personal Response [Student’s answer]

Ans. Yes, I agree with the writer that the real people who preserve our land, the flora and fauna, the
traditional seeds, the traditions and culture are those who live in villages, mountains, remote hamlets,
valleys etc. like the farmers, tribals etc. These people are largely untouched by the modern developments,
uncharmed by the city life, and protect the nature in totality. I have read about tribes like the Bishnoi, Adi,
Khasi, Santhal etc. who preserve our forests and have deep knowledge about the herbs, barks, flowers,
fruits etc. which are greatly and medicinally helpful to the humans and about wildlife, their habits,
habitats, how they are helpful in the growth of forests, spreading of seeds etc.

[3] Her world was unspoilt by ‘progress’. Explain.

Ans. The writer was touched by the simplicity, the desire and the lifestyle of the old tribal villager in the
hills to be with the traditions, roots, nature, consume everything natural, and the desire to remain where
they were. The woman had no greed for luxuries, a modern city life etc. Her life had no place for
technological and research advancements which brought with them a horde of ills like with hybrids,
excessive use of chemicals and wastage of water, illnesses like stress due to a modern fast life etc.

[4] In the context of the extract, do you agree to the writer’s view that progress spoils? Justify /Give
reasons for your answer. [Student’s answer—PR]

[5] Evaluative: Draw the character sketch of [a] The old lady. [b] The writer [c] Baban [d] Devu Handa

Ans. [a] The old lady was a simple, poor tribal, not greedy, and a little scorning. Living in the hilly region of
a small hamlet, unaffected by modern research and technological advancements, she used traditional
variety of crops instead of the modern hybrid seeds. She had traditional method of selling seeds by baskets
rather than kgs. A little money—just rupees 100 for her basketful of Kasbai seeds made her happy. She
was probably still hardworking & farming despite her age.

[b] Students, the writer’s character sketch depends on the extract. So, write as per the extract to keep the
answer brief. Here, holistically drawn character sketch is given for your reference.
Ans. The writer Venkateshwaran Iyer is a simple and nice hearted farmer, passionate about farming, happy
to see crops grow, hard-working, networking with people, ready to go to lengths for his goals, friendly,
respectful, an admirer of simplicity and ethnicity and has gratitude. He is firm and determined, ready to
take pains, and is a farmer concerned for the health of others and his own as he is firm and clear to grow
crops naturally or organically only and prefers traditional over the hybrids.

[c] Baban is a village farmer knowledgeable about his work and the writer’s assistant in farming. He is very
co-operative, helpful, gels well with people, hardworking and is like one possessed for the writer’s search
for his passion and decision of traditional crops accompanying him to far-off remote areas walking over
difficult terrains.

[d] Devu Handa an aged ex-sarpanch of Dhanivari village is nostalgic about the traditional crop Kasbai and
distinctly remembers the old popular days of Kasbai and happily hosting the other villagers offering Kasbai
meals. He is not firm to keep up that tradition and chooses to go with the times preferring the hybrids
over the traditional though knows the disadvantages of the hybrids and laments that change for the worst.
Besides, he is practical as he knows that his farm will be a fodder for other farmers’ cattle if he grows a
long-duration crop and he will miss growing a second crop. He is helpful, co-operative, loving, caring, and
devotional. He is knowledgeable – as he knows the Adivasis and their havens and their traditions and
farming. He respected the Adivasis and the guests.

A Note down the impact of the Adivasi lady on the writer.

The extract--It was a difficult task to keep a straight face---to--for once I was grateful for that.

Vocabulary/Language Study: Give the meaning of the words:

elusive: difficult to find catch or achieve
nestling in: staying in/housed in
hustle and bustle: a place of a lot of activity/movement
muttered and scowled: spoke in muffled voice deriding/scorning
Fun games: Use the above words making funny sentences on your friends and yourselves.
*Look at the beauty of language-nestling in the foothills

Now write the meaning of biodiversity: Ans. __________

A Is there a prefix or suffix here - [i] unspoilt [ii] biodiversity? Use these to make 4 words not from the
extract.
Ans. Un and bio – prefixes.
[i] Unsatisfied Unbiased Unable Undeniable Untidy
[ii] Biodegradable Biofuels Biomass Biogas
A Give the compound words from the extract.
Ans. foothills, nearby, something, sunset, 100-rupee
A Give the collocations from the extract.-hustle and bustle, weighing scale, nestling in, rich biodiversity
A Use the following idioms/phrases in sentences of your own:
*hustle and bustle *nestling in *keep a straight face *in approval
See how you can make fun activities on your life as well as your friends…
1] Dodging the hustle and bustle of the cacophonous city, we spent our vacation relaxing in the
Himalayays./I am used to the hustle and bustle of the city and can’t be myself without that.
2] The adopted kids were cosily nestling in the new house as they had parents now./
The marching farmers in the city on a mission to take their issues to the ministry, nestled in the homes of
the environmentalists at nights.
3] It was difficult to keep a straight face in the situation of the naïve little neighbourhood girl in the
costume of a ghost out to scare us./With our pranks up the sleeve, it was difficult for us backbenchers to
keep a straight face in the class in front of the teacher.
4] The Principal gave a in-principle approval for the project to the students for the year-long
curriculars./We were in approval of the environmental projects to save our city.

Global Understanding: A Pick the odd man out;

1 difficult-laughing face
2 found-elusive Kasbai
3 muttered in approval
4 handed-50-rupee note
5 Had-weighing scale
6 face-smile

Ans. 1 difficult-laughing face

3 muttered in approval
4 handed-50-rupee note
5 Had-weighing scale

A Arrange in order of sequence the happenings in the writer’s life which are in a jumbled order here.
1 After searching for months, we had found the elusive Kasbai.
2 She was willing to give the seeds only in baskets.
3 She nodded her head in approval.
4 We asked for 10 kilograms of rice.
Ans. 1 After searching for months, we had found the elusive Kasbai.
4 We asked for 10 kilograms of rice.
2 She was willing to give the seeds only in baskets.
3 She nodded her head in approval.
The above sentences [used in jumbled order] can be asked as True or False.
You can also get correct the incorrect sentences.
A Draw the flowchart: The events unfolding for the writer to procure Kasbai seeds

Found the elusive Kasbai

Explained to the Adivasi old woman the need for Kasbai seeds

Asked for 10 kilograms

Adivasi woman offers only in baskets

The writer takes a single basket and pays 100 rupees

Ans. The events unfolding for the writer to procure Kasbai seeds

Found the elusive Kasbai

Explained to the Adivasi old woman the need for Kasbai seeds

Asked for 10 kilograms

Adivasi woman offers only in baskets

The writer takes a single basket and pays 100 rupees

P R [S ’ ]
Do you buy organic/natural provisions, vegetables, fruits, etc.? Give reason/s for your answer.
Would you like to take up farming? Give reason/s for your answer.
Note down your opinion on farming as an occupation.
Is farming a noble profession? Give reason/s for your answer.
Note down your views about farmers.
Have you ever been to a village? Narrate your observations/experiences in about 5 to 7 lines/2 to 4
sentences.
Write down your opinions about white-collared people quitting their jobs or professions and taking up
farming as their occupation.
Have you ever bought products made or grown by the tribals? If yes, write what you bought and how did
you find the product/s.
Note down 2 problems the farmers in India face and give 2 solutions to those problems.
Note down the utility of farmers to the nation. / Note down the utility of the farmers’ produce to the
society and the economy. [Answer in a paragraph of about 2 to 4 sentences/5 to 7 lines.]
Is this extract/write-up from a fiction or a non-fiction book? Give your reason/s for your answer.

Drama [See the History of Drama after The Rising of the Moon. Refer to the charts in the
textbook]
One-Act Play
THE THREE UNITIES IN DRAMA / IN ONE ACT PLAY ARE:
❖ UNITY OF ACTION: A ONE ACT PLAY MUST HAVE ONE PRINCIPAL ACTION.
[one main/central event around which everything revolves]
❖ UNITY OF TIME: THE ACTION IN A ONE ACT PLAY MUST OCCUR OVER A PERIOD OF NO MORE
THAN 24 HOURS. [ltd./fixed/small duration entire action unfolds]
❖ UNITY OF PLACE: THE ENTIRE PLAY MUST OCCUR IN A SINGLE PHYSICAL LOCATION.

What distinguishes a One-Act Play from a Full-Length Play?

One-act plays are somewhat different from full-length drama. Returning to the analogy of a one-act being
like a short story, a full-length play is like a novel; it has more characters, a more complex plot, with
perhaps a sub-plot, and is much lengthier. Just as a short story is obviously a good place for a novice writer
to begin crafting fiction, a one-act play is a manageable task for high school students, especially while
working with peers. The challenge for the one-act playwright is to create a story with interesting
characters, action, and meaning in a relatively small amount of space. Recalling Bernard Grebanier's
definition, a one-act play is an elaboration of a single, significant incident with a twenty to sixty minute
playing time. A play with several acts will almost always include an intermission, a time for the audience
to take a break, stretch their legs, and have refreshments. One-act plays do not have midpoint breaks;
therefore, the play must be so engaging that the viewers will not want to leave the auditorium.

More on One-Act Play-

❖ One-act play revolves around one main incident.
❖ In a one-act play, the number of characters will be limited - anywhere from two to seven figures
the characters should be believable, in regards to the storyline and setting.
❖ Drama needs a clear setting, the time and place where the action happens.
❖ As in all literature, a clear theme (or themes) must be conveyed to the audience. The reader, and
in the case of drama, the viewer, must be moved emotionally or learn a lesson about life.
❖ The dialogue in a play must be believable. Depending on regional location, socioeconomic
background, and situation, specific dialects can be incorporated.
❖ Some authors prefer to write in the local dialectical form.
❖ There are several sub-genres of one-act plays. These include comedy, mystery and science-fiction,
to name a few. It is valuable to mention these to students, though locating examples of these
genres in one-act form may prove to be challenging.
4.2 The Rising of the Moon – By Lady Gregory [Isabella Augusta Persee]
Brief questions
Note down the theme of the Rising of the Moon.
The Rising of the Moon is written on the themes of patriotism/loyalty towards nation and bravery. The
‘poor ballad singer’ i.e. the brave nationalist Jimmy Walsh breaks the jail and wants to escape for his
nation Ireland’s freedom from the foreign rule of the British. He uses every possible tactic but doesn’t
forget his humanity while doing so to escape from the sea coast, the opportune place, mellowing the
Sergeant, an Irish employed with the British police. The Sergeant, a brave Irish working with the British
police doesn’t get afraid of the fugitive even after listening to the stories about the fugitive being very
cruel and a murderer [which he doesn’t know were fake]. He is also brave to let the nationalist escape for
the sake of Ireland and it’s people after coming to know of his real identity. The inner conflict of the Irish
policemen and the Irish Sergeant of being in the British police out of compulsion to earn their and their
family’s livelihood and in return getting a backlash from their countryfolk including their own families also
states loyalty towards one’s nation/patriotism burning within amidst the external identity of the British
police.

Give reasons: The Sergeant is quiet when the policeman asks him if the notice should be put up at a
particular place.
Ans The Sergeant is here to nab the fugitive. He is deeply thinking while observing the place to understand
the possibilities of the fugitive coming here and how he would try to escape from here. The quay, the
steps, etc.—where the fugitive could come and his friends would enter the quay coming from outside in
a boat and aid their fugitive friend in escaping. He was probably thinking of strategies to guard this
strategic place well. Hence, he did not answer the policeman.

Explain the meaning of the lines: ‘And if we get him itself, nothing but abuse on our heads for it from the
people, and maybe from our own relations….Sergeant: Well, we have to do our duty …if it wasn’t for us.’
Ans. The policemen A and B are having an inner conflict. The 100 pound reward for nabbing the fugitive
who is an Irish nationalist is an extremely big matter for poor people like them and they could do a lot
with it for their needs. However, they admit and lament that if they do arrest him, they being Ireland
citizens, the Irish people and even their own family and relatives would curse and abuse them for arresting
an Irish nationalist striving to free Ireland from the British. Their problem is that they were Irish but
employed with the British police to earn to suffice their needs. The Sergeant thinks of his duty as a senior
to guide and ease the mental trouble of these policemen and remind them of their duties as British
policemen. Hence, he explains to them saying that they all [including him] have to do their duties as the
British policemen and poses a rhetoric stating the entire Ireland nation depends on them. He adds that if
they do not perform their duties, the people who are down—the criminals—would have endless powers
to trouble the citizens and the people who are up—the rulers, would be in the clutches of the criminals.
Bring out the internal conflict of the policemen.
Ans. The policemen A and B are having an inner conflict. They are Irish and at the time Ireland is fighting
for freedom from the rule of the Britishers. In such a scenario, they are working for the British police due
to their compulsion to get a job to fulfil their and their families’ needs. In this state, there’s a 100-pound
reward for nabbing a fugitive who is an Irish nationalist and this is an extremely big opportunity for poor
people like them as they could do a lot with it for their needs. However, they admit and lament that if
they do arrest him, they being Ireland citizens, the Irish people and even their own family and relatives
would curse and abuse them for arresting an Irish nationalist striving to free Ireland from the British. Thus,
their inner conflict is: should they arrest the Irish nationalist who is a criminal for the British and perform
their duty of British police and also earn the 100-pound reward and get abuses from their own folks—the
Irish or should they let go off the reward and let the fugitive-
an Irish freedom fighter, escape and help and be faithful to Ireland?

Explain the reasons/the context of the dialogue:/Explanation of the following words: ‘If it wasn’t for the
sense I have, and for my wife and family, and for me joining the force the time I did, it might be myself
now would be after breaking gaol and hiding in the dark, and it might be him that’s hiding in the dark and
that got out of gaol would be sitting up where I am on this barrel.... And it might be myself would be
creeping up trying to make my escape from himself, and it might be himself would be keeping the law,
and myself would be breaking it, and myself would be trying maybe to put a bullet in his head, or to take
up a lump of a stone the way you said he did ... no, that myself did....’/’ Well, if I was foolish then, that
time’s gone.’
[In the exam you will get a few words of the above dialogue like explain the context of these words/ the
reasons for the Sergeant stating these words: ‘If it wasn’t for the sense I have….for my wife and
family…myself now…breaking gaol…barrel...put a bullet…head’.]
The same question given above can be asked as follows: [and the ans. Is below it.]

Bring out the internal conflict of the Sergeant./ Why does the Sergeant say,‘‘Indeed it’s a hard thing to be
in the force, out at night and no thanks for it, for all the danger we’re in. And it’s little we get but abuse
from the people, and no choice but to obey our orders, and never asked when a man is sent into danger,
if you are a married man with a family’?/Why does the Sergeant say: ‘If it wasn’t for the sense I have, and
for my wife and family, and for me joining the force the time I did, it might be myself now would be after
breaking gaol and hiding in the dark, …’

Ans. The Sergeant when mellowed by the ‘poor ballad singer’ [in real the nationalist branded by the British
as a fugitive]. The poor ballad singer, knowing that the British police officer—the Sergeant is an Irish, uses
the tactic of emotional manipulating [emotionally brainwashing and melting] Sergeant by singing the
ballads—the patriotic songs and hitting an arrow in the dark—of questioning the Sergeant if he would
have been a patriot, if he had sung the patriotic songs in his young age and if he had the burning desire to
fight for Ireland’s freedom from the British and help his citizens of Ireland. The Sergeant mellows and
admits that he was torn between doing his duties to the British being compelled to take up the job for his
and his family’s upkeep, being poor, and that he could well have been in the place of the fugitive
nationalist fighting for Ireland’s freedom. He confesses that he wasn’t happy doing the work of the British
police as after all the hard work, the sufferings, and the risk to life, they [the Irish police for the British] in
return got abuses from the Irish including their family and they would never ask when he would go on
duty if he was married with a family.

Give reasons: The man utters these words: ‘Sergeant, I am thinking it was with the people you were, and
not with the law you were, when you were a young man.’/1 Give reasons for the ballad singer to tell the
Sergeant the “fearful side” / stories about the fugitive / about “that man”./What tactics does the ballad
singer employ to escape? How does the ballad singer befool the Sergeant in escaping?/Give reasons: The
ballad singer makes errors in singing the ballads.

Ans. ‘The man’ is the “fugitive” in the eyes of the British ruling over Ireland and a nationalist [a freedom
fighter], Jimmy Walsh, in the hearts of the Irish. He tries different tactics to fool the Irish Sergeant
employed with the British police. He tries to frighten him by saying that the fugitive is a cold-blooded
murderer who has killed a British policeman with a stone and knows to use all the weapons. But when the
brave Sergeant is unafraid, he uses emotional tactics by singing the patriotic songs and involving the
Sergeant in the singing and reminding him of his youthful days. He emotionally tries to mellow him by
asking brainwashing questions like whether there was a possibility that the Sergeant would have been a
freedom fighter if his friends in the past had asked him to join the movement. He even deliberately makes
errors in singing the patriotic songs for the Sergeant to get emotionally drenched in patriotism and be
mellow to let the nationalist escape. The Sergeant gets emotional and admits. However, when the
Sergeant hears a whistle from the sea and suspects that as expected, there was a boat with the fugitives’
friends to help him escape from there, and that man was the fugitive, the man, ‘a poor ballad singer’--
Jimmy Walsh comments a rhetoric to deal his final blow to let the Sergeant let him escape stating he
expected the Sergeant was with the Irish and not with the British police as he was an Irish when he was
young.

Pick out proof from the extract/Give references from the extract that the Sergeant is not happy being in
the British police force and also that he is emotionally fooled by the man/poor ballad singer/Jimmy Walsh
and mellowed to think he would rather have been an Irish freedom fighter.

Ans. The proof from the extract to the effect that/the references from the extract that the Sergeant is not
happy being in the British police force and also that he is emotionally fooled by the man are:
The Sergeant speaking these words:
A] Indeed it’s a hard thing to be in the force, out at night and no thanks for it, for all the danger we’re in.
And it’s little we get but abuse from the people, and no choice but to obey our orders, and never asked
when a man is sent into danger, if you are a married man with a family’?
B] ‘If it wasn’t for the sense I have, and for my wife and family, and for me joining the force the time I did,
it might be myself now would be after breaking gaol and hiding in the dark, and that got out of gaol would
be sitting up where I am on this barrel.... And it might be myself would be creeping up trying to make my
escape from himself,’ and
C] ‘and myself would be breaking it, and myself would be trying maybe to put a bullet in his head, or to
take up a lump of a stone the way you said he did…’

Give reasons for the ballad singer to utter such sentences: ‘It’s a hard …against the poor.’
Ans. The ‘poor ballad singer’ is actually the Irish nationalist fighting for Ireland’s freedom from the British
rule. He has broken the gaol [jail] and is here at the dock to escape via the sea when his fellow-freedom
fighter friends come via a boat to take him. He is disguised in a wig, a hat, and ragged clothes and pretends
to be a poor man here to sell the patriotic songs to the sailors and so is at the dock area. When the Irish
Sergeant does not let him go down the steps to towards the sea, not even wait near the dock, the Irish
patriot plays an emotion card by trying to gain some pity from the Sergeant trying to emotionally fool him
to escape. So, he says these words dramatically pretending to be in trouble as a poor man as the world
never cares for the poor.

Give reasons for the man to utter these words/Explain the hidden message in the words of the ragged
man: ‘You’d be as wise as myself if I told you’.
Ans. The ‘poor ragged ballad singer/man’ is an Irish nationalist fighting for Ireland’s freedom from the
British rule. He has broken the gaol [jail] and is here at the dock to escape via the sea when his fellow-
freedom fighter friends come via a boat to take him. He is disguised in a wig, a hat, and ragged clothes
and pretends to be a poor man here to sell the patriotic songs to the sailors and so is at the dock area.
When the Irish Sergeant asks him who he was, ‘the man’ cryptically answers that if the Sergeant knew
who he was, the Sergeant would be as wise as he was i.e. the Sergeant was a fool not to know him and if
the Sergeant was really a wise man like him, the Sergeant, who was an Irish, would not be working for the
British as they were forcibly ruling Ireland and instead, the Sergeant would be fighting for Ireland’s
freedom.
Give reasons for the Sergeant to utter these words: ‘Stop that; that’s no song to be singing in these times.’/
Why does the Sergeant say to the poor ballad singer: ‘Stop that; that’s no song to be singing in these
times’.

Ans. An Irish patriot has escaped from the jail and the Sergeant is on the look-out of this man, a fugitive
in the eyes of the British/the law under the British. When a ragged poor man comes that way and starts
singing ballads, i.e. patriotic songs of Ireland and its freedom and against the British, the Sergeant, as
British police personnel has his duty to not let anyone go against the British ruling powers and sing songs
that would incite the Irish, that would go against the ruling authority, and would be considered a coup, a
betrayal. Hence, he does his duty as the British police and stops the man from singing patriotic songs.
Give reasons for the ballad singer to utter such words: ‘Is it a poor man like me, that has to be going the
roads and singing in fairs, to have the name on him that he took a reward? But you don’t want me. I’ll be
safer in the town.’/ Give reasons for the ballad singer to state: “Do you want to have me killed?”

Ans. ‘The man’ is the “fugitive” in the eyes of the British ruling over Ireland and a nationalist, Jimmy Walsh,
in the hearts of the Irish. He tries different tactics to fool the Irish Sergeant employed with the British
police. He tries to frighten him by saying that the fugitive is a cold-blooded murderer who has killed a
British policeman with a stone and knew to use all the weapons and such stories. As initially the Sergeant
is not letting him stay there/go past the Sergeant down the steps towards the sea, the man deliberately
lies to the Sergeant that he knows the fugitive so the Sergeant lets him stay there and uses manipulative
tactics to fool the Sergeant and escape. While trying to frighten the Sergeant, when the Sergeant asks him
if he would help the Sergeant keep a watch at the dock to help him arrest the fugitive, he again tries his
tactic to frighten the lone police personnel, the Sergeant, to quit his guard and intention of arresting the
fugitive. So he says that he is a poor man who goes around the roads, fairs etc singing and if he gets a
name and a reward helping the Sergeant catch the fugitive, he would probably be killed by the “daring,
ruthless” nationalist [as the man describes him]. So, he would rather not do so and would be safer in the
town than be here with the Sergeant.

Explain the meaning of the words: ‘It’s a queer world, Sergeant, and it’s little any mother knows when she
sees her child creeping on the floor what might happen to it before it has gone through its life, or who will
be who in the end.’.
Ans. The man is an Irish nationalist in disguise. He uses different tactics to fool the Irish Sergeant working
for the British and keeps dropping hints and messages to the Sergeant that Ireland needs freedom and he
being an Irish must be working for Ireland’s freedom from the British rather than working for them and
trying to arrest an Irish nationalist who had escaped the prison. To emotionally melt the Sergeant, the
man disguised in a poor man’s attire, tells the Sergeant that a [an Irish] mother does not know what must
be the fate in store for her toddler till he grows up, who he will become in future. In other words, any Irish
person could become a freedom fighter.
Give reasons for the ballad singer to utter: ‘Wait now till I give you a light, but you needn’t turn round.
Don’t take your eye off the quay for the life of you.’

What do these words of the Sergeant reveal: ‘Indeed it’s a hard thing to be in the force, out at night and
no thanks for it, for all the danger we’re in. And it’s little we get but abuse from the people, and no choice
but to obey our orders, and never asked when a man is sent into danger, if you are a married man with a
family’?
The Sergeant is an Irish but working for the British in the police force. His nation, Ireland is under the
foreign rule of the Britishers and there are Irish nationalists fighting for the freedom. He is undergoing
inner conflict i.e mentally is fighting with himself whether he is doing the right thing or wrong and whether
he should continue with what he is doing. . He works for the British but he laments that he/the Irish in the
British police force gets nothing but abuses of the people of Ireland as they despite being Irish are working
for the tormentors rather than the Irish people. He, dissatisfied and sad, says that after all the hard and
torturous work of being out in the cold night, the risk to their lives, they get no gratitude but only abuses,
i.e. criticism, curses, disrespect from their own countryfolk, sadly, including their families.

Why does the Sergeant say to the poor ballad singer:

‘If you don’t stop that, I’ll arrest you.’
A The Sergeant, though an Irish, works for the British in the police force. An Irish freedom fighter has
escaped from the jail and in all probability, would escape by the sea route from the dock. Nobody has the
permission to be in that area at that time lest he may be an accomplice of or the fugitive himself
or may distract the police from nabbing the Irish nationalist. The Sergeant is keeping a vigil on the
dock area and strategically stands guard at the footsteps leading to the sea from the dock. When a
man in ragged attire singing ballads, i.e. patriotic songs, comes there and tries to walk down the steps
from the dock to the sea despite the Sergeant instructing him not to be in that area, the Sergeant then
gives a stern warning to him to stop and threatens that if he doesn’t, the Sergeant would shoot him.

Why does the Sergeant, who initially does not let the ragged man to walk his side of the dock and near
the steps leading down to the sea, repeatedly ask him to stay back?
Ans. The Sergeant, though an Irish, works for the British in the police force. An Irish freedom fighter has
escaped from the jail and in all probability, would escape by the sea route from the dock. Nobody has the
permission to be in that area at that time lest he may be an accomplice of or the fugitive himself or may
distract the police from nabbing the Irish nationalist. The Sergeant is keeping a vigil on the dock area and
strategically stands guard at the footsteps leading to the sea from the dock. When a man in ragged attire
singing ballads, i.e. patriotic songs, comes there and tries to walk down the steps from the dock to the sea
despite the Sergeant instructs him not to be in that area and even warns him to not step down towards
the sea. The man then informs the Sergeant that he knew the fugitive in the posters. Wanting some
information about the fugitive to aid him in searching for and arresting him, the Sergeant erroneously
keeps insisting to the man that he stay back and provide some crucial information about the fugitive. Little
does the Sergeant, not a smart and intelligent person, realize that that man was the fugitive trying to
distract him to find a chance to escape from there.

Why does the ballad singer/Jimmy Walsh/the ragged/the poor man sing and ask the Sergeant if he had
heard about lady Granuaile?/What is the significance/relevance of lady Granuaile’s reference/reference
to lady Granuaile’s songs?/ Give reasons: The ballad singer sings lady Granuaile’s patriotic songs.

Ans. Lady Granuaile is an Irish freedom fighter. She is fearless, bold, and keeps fighting the British police.
As a child, when the girls were not permitted to go onboard the ship on voyages and work, disguised as a
boy she has travelled the sea on the ship with her father without anyone’s knowledge of her identity. She
later on became a brave warrior asea on voyages protecting her Irish community from the British. Even
the Queen of England is afraid of her and herself comes to meet her once to sign a pact that lady Granuaile
won’t harm the British mariners and has to accept the terms of lady Granuaile that the queen and her
British police force won’t harm the Irish community of lady Granuaile. Hence, the Irish sing the patriotic
songs of and in honour of, and to inspire the Irish to fight for freedom. The man Jimmy Walsh claiming to
be a ballad singer hence tells the Sergeant whether the Sergeant has heard of lady Granuaile and he is the
friend of lady Granuaile so the Sergeant would
be impacted and let him go.

Give reasons: The ballad singer/Jimmy Walsh/the ragged man states the following:
A] I was only singing to keep my heart up. It sinks when I think of him. To think of us two sitting here,
and he creeping up the quay, maybe, to get to us.

Ans. ‘The man’ is the “fugitive” in the eyes of the British ruling over Ireland and a nationalist, Jimmy Walsh,
in the hearts of the Irish. He tries different tactics to fool the Irish Sergeant employed with the British
police. He tries to frighten him by saying that the fugitive is a cold-blooded murderer who has killed a
British policeman with a stone and knows to use all the weapons and such stories. As initially the Sergeant
is not letting him stay there/go past the Sergeant down the steps towards the sea, the man deliberately
lies to the Sergeant that he knows the fugitive so the Sergeant lets him stay there and uses manipulative
tactics to fool the Sergeant and escape. While trying to frighten the Sergeant, when the Sergeant asks him
if he would help the Sergeant keep a watch at the dock to help him arrest the fugitive, he “agrees and sits
with him watching the area”. Continuing with his tactic to frighten the lone police personnel, the Sergeant,
to quit his guard and intention of arresting the fugitive, he says he is afraid of the [daring, ruthless] fugitive
who would stealthily slowly walk up the dock from behind
to kill them while they sat guarding looking out for him.

B] One word more, for signal token, Whistle up the marching tune, With your pike upon your shoulder, At
the Rising of the Moon
Ans. B] ‘The man’ is the “fugitive” in the eyes of the British ruling over Ireland and a nationalist, Jimmy
Walsh, in the hearts of the Irish. He tries different tactics to fool the Irish Sergeant employed with the
British police. He tries to frighten him by saying that the fugitive is a cold-blooded murderer who has killed
a British policeman with a stone and knows to use all the weapons and such stories. He befools the
Sergeant in letting him stay there, “guard” the area “watching for the fugitive”. Emotionally brainwashing
the Sergeant later with patriotic songs, involving him in the thoughts possibility of himself fighting the
Irish freedom struggle, towards the end of his melodrama, the man sings a patriotic song at a whistle from
his friends who have come to help him escape in a boat, again trying to frighten the Sergeant by
mentioning that the signal givers have pikes with them i.e. guns with sharp blades at the edge with which
they could kill anyone in the way of Ireland’s freedom. He confidently sings ‘At the Rising of the Moon’
indicating that Ireland would surely gain freedom.

Give reasons: The ballad singer starts singing patriotic songs/ballads immediately after the sergeant
shares his inner emotional trauma by uttering the words: ‘Indeed it’s a hard thing to be in the force, out
at night and no thanks for it…….. a married man with a family.’/Give reasons: The ballad singer sings
ballads/patriotic songs.
Ans. ‘The man’ is the “fugitive” in the eyes of the British ruling over Ireland and a nationalist Jimmy Walsh,
in the hearts of the Irish. He tries different tactics to fool the Irish Sergeant employed with the British
police. He tries to frighten him by saying that the fugitive is a cold-blooded murderer who has killed a
British policeman with a stone and knows to use all the weapons. But when the brave Sergeant is unafraid,
he uses emotional tactics by singing the patriotic songs and involving the Sergeant in the singing and
reminding him of his youthful days. He emotionally tries to mellow him by asking brainwashing questions
like whether there was a possibility that the Sergeant would have been a freedom fighter if his friends had
asked him to join the movement. The Sergeant gets emotional, laments and confesses that he being an
Irish wasn’t happy working for the British police, was compelled to do so for his family, and got no
gratitude in return. The man instantly takes undue advantage of the Sergeant’s this state of mind and
heart to fully impact him by singing more patriotic songs so he lets the nationalist escape.

Was lady Granuaile living? Pick out the proof from the extract. Why are her songs being sung?
Ans. Yes, lady Granuaile, the Irish patriot and an ideal for the Irish freedom fighters was still alive. The
words uttered by the man/Jimmy Walsh/the fugitive/the Irish patriot/the ragged man proving so are: ‘I
am a friend of Granuaile.’ and ‘You won’t betray ... the friend of Granuaile.’
A ‘Are you keeping a good lookout?’ What does this statement reveal about the Sergeant?
Ans. The Sergeant is not smart, intelligent and wise. He fails to see through the disguise and tactics
employed by the fugitive in befooling him. The dock area and the steps from there leading to the sea from
where the fugitive is in all probability to escape with his friends’ help of a boat etc. is under his vigil. He
warns the man that nobody is permitted in this area and sternly stops him from going down the steps to
the sea. The man then uses a ruse stating that he knows the fugitive in the poster. The Sergeant is
befooled. Not only does he permit the man to stay there but also foolishly accepts the ‘suggestion’ of the
ragged man in “helping him [the Sergeant] in keeping a watch the area looking out for and stopping the
fugitive. Thus, the Sergeant not only foolishly hands over his power and authority to a criminal [in his eyes
as he was in British police] but also asks him if the man was actually well
guarding the area looking out for the fugitive.

What were these ballads/songs about that the ballad singer sang?
Ans. The ballad singer sang cryptic patriotic songs which the Irish nationalists sang and here, to
emotionally befool the Irish Sergeant working for the British police giving him the messages, warn him,
influence him, inspire him, to fight for Ireland’s freedom instead and also let the nationalist, a “fugitive”,
escape for Ireland. The songs asked the Irish lass to stay away from the Irish soldier working for the British
[There …rich farmer’s daughter…Highland soldier…], Songs sung to inform the people that lady Granuaile
was wronged by the British [so she became a freedom fighter] As through the hills…sang her song…wrong
of poor old Granuaile], lady Granuaile’s arrest and pain and sorrow through her pleas via songs…[Her
head…feet with iron…bound…pensive…plaintive wail…I am old Granuaile…’], other patriotic ballads like
“Shan Bhean Bhocht, “Green on the Cape?” and where are the freedom fighter friends meeting [O, the,
…Shawn O’Farrell…gathering …old spot by the river…you and me..’] and the man’s signal via a patriotic
song to his friends having come to help him escape via a boat and they bound to whistle to him to call
him, sings [about the signal from the freedom fighter friends [one word…signal…whistling], and to
threaten and frighten the lone Sergeant, sings about the nationalists friends carrying pikes [With your pike
upon…shoulder…], and lastly about the optimistic freedom of Ireland from the British [At the Rising of the
Moon].

Explain the lines: ‘Maybe I’ll be able to do as much for you when the small rise up and the big fall down ...
when we all change places at the Rising (waves his hand and disappears) of the Moon’.
Ans. The man expresses gratitude to the Irish Sergeant in the foreign rule—the British police force. After
using manipulative tactics of frightening, emotionally brainwashing the Sergeant and more ruses into
letting him escape, when finally the Sergeant mellows and hides the man, a fugitive in the British police
eyes, hides him from the other two policemen forcibly sending them away, allows the ragged ballad singer
Jimmy Walsh to escape to continue the Irish freedom movement against the British rule, the man utters
these words. He means to say, at the Rising of the Moon i.e. when Ireland is free—the brilliant shining
moonlight expells the dark night of British rule, may be he would be able to return the Sergeant’s humane
gesture. He says that at the time those small [now suffering powerless Irish people] will become free and
powerful to take charge of their nation, they would exchange places—they all would be on the thrones
of the British and those big, powerful influential—the foreigners—the British will fall down i.e. will be
defeated and lose Ireland’s reins.

Give reasons for the ballad singer to utter these words:

1] ‘I am; and for no reward too. Amn’t I the foolish man? But when I saw a man in trouble, I never could
help trying to get him out of it. What’s that? Did something hit me?’
2] ‘But to think of a man like you knowing a song like that.’

Do you think the ballad singer is true in stating that the fugitive is ruthless and has killed a policeman with
a stone? Give reasons for your answer.
Ans. I do not think the ballad singer is true in stating that the fugitive is ruthless and has killed a
policeman with a stone. If that was so, the man would have instantly physically fought with or killed the
Sergeant and escaped via the sea route instead of wasting his time befooling him making emotional talks,
waiting there keeping a fake vigil, etc. He also would not have expressed his gratitude in the end and
assured him of a return favour for his humane work of letting the nationalist escape.

Draw the character sketch of the Sergeant. [his qualities] Is the Sergeant correct in letting the fugitive
escape?
The Sergeant is brave as he is unafraid [at the stories of ruthless killing of a policeman by the fugitive] and,
in the beginning, dutiful as a policeman in the duty of British police though an Irish himself. He is not
smart, wise, and as vigilant as he fails to recognize the fugitive despite the posters, fails to see through
the fake stories and manipulative tactics of the man to emotionally brainwash him, and gets emotionally
overwhelmed into singing along with the man the patriotic songs singing of Ireland’s freedom
overthrowing the British rule. This, though he is working in the British police force, a foreign nation’s law-
keeping responsibility. He, ethically and legally fails to do his duty as a British police personnel. Morally,
nationally, he performs his duty as an Irish—helping Ireland by letting the nationalist fighting against the
British hide then escape instead of arresting him.

Draw the character sketch of the ballad singer/man. [qualities]

The poor ballad singer/the man/Jimmy Walsh is a cunningly smart, manipulative, intelligent, wise, and a
humane patriot. He easily befools the Sergeant. He indeed is physically strong as he could heavily hit at
the hard barrel. Though he weaves fibs, he in reality is not ruthless and doesn’t kill the Sergeant as in his
stories makes himself ‘kill a policeman with a stone’. He creatively disguises himself as a poor man and a
ballad singer by singing patriotic songs. The man knows so many patriotic songs revealing that he indeed,
is a patriot. His reach and network is strong as he is in contact with his fellow freedom fighter friends and
knows they will come in a boat via the sea off the dock area to help him escape. He is highly optimistic as
he says in the end that they will meet at the Rising of the Moon i.e. when Ireland is free. He also is grateful,
filled with gratitude assuring the Sergeant a return humane favour for letting him escape and not arresting
him, when Ireland would be free.

A How do the settings in the play The Rising of the Moon deepen the plot?/How are the settings of the
play The Rising of the Moon important to the plot?
The entire One Act Play is enacted at the quay [dock] area which leads the steps down to the sea. It is a
dark night and the area is shady due to darkness and that is what is wanted for the plot. The story has it
that the fugitive, and Irish nationalist, is to escape from here via the sea route down the steps from the
dock, his friend to come in a boat via the sea and the Sergeant keeps a vigil here. The 2 policemen stick
the posters on the barrel and elsewhere in the dock area. The fugitive has to escape from here as his
friend would come there in a boat to help him escape. This area the Sergeant observes carefully and
thoughtfully and guards. The fugitive does arrive there to escape, tries to frighten the Sergeant by fake
stories of the jail-breaker being strong and ruthlessly murdering a policeman—the story intending to
generate fear has the perfect idyllic background of the dark, lonely, shady dock place in the cold night.
And the fugitive makes a few attempts to escape initially until stopped. The Sergeant is emotionally
brainwashed by him there itself as the fugitive, the Irish patriot, has ultimately to escape from here.

A There is Unity of Time, Action, and Place in The Rising of the Moon. Explain with references from the
extract.
Ans. A One Act Play is a play which has 1 conflict, is enacted at only 1 place, and is complete i.e. the conflict
and the resolution are complete in 24 hours. The Rising of the Moon starts at the dock area near the sea-
coast, with a few steps leading down the dock [quay] to the sea, all the action, the drama, the dialogue
delivery, the furthering of the story, and and the ending take place at the same place—the dock. The scene
is of night and the play ends on the same day at night itself. The Sergeant and the 2 policemen A and B
stick posters in the dock area, the Sergeant maintains a vigil there, the fugitive, an Irish patriot, arrives
there, disguised, fools the Sergeant, emotionally manipulates him, the 2 policemen who go to stick the
posters arrive back and are forcibly sent away by the Sergeant from there, the friends of the Irish patriot
[not shown] whistle to him from below the steps from a boat asea, the Sergeant lets the patriot escape
after letting him hide behind a barrel and lets him escape from the dock. The Sergeant also repents losing
his 100-pound reward on the fugitive’s head in the end talking to the audience in the dark, shady dock
area.

A How does the language in the Rising of the Moon forward the plot?
Ans. The language is of Irish accent and Irish English has influences on the spoken English. It is not
completely British English. The 3 police force personnel are Irish and they are working with the British
police out of compulsion to feed themselves and their families as there’s British [foreigners’] rule in Ireland
and Ireland is fighting its freedom struggle against the British. The 3 Irish policemen have an inner conflict
of ruing their working with the British police despite being Irish. The fugitive is an Irish freedom fighter.
Hence, the Irish English influences on the language further the plot and suit the plot of the Irish citizens
forcibly working for the British police out to arrest an Irish patriot. The patriot uses Irish patriotic songs
sung in Irish English and emotionally impacts and mellows the Sergeant to ultimately flee. The following
examples prove that the play surrounds the Irish: the sentences like: ‘and not one to help a married man
that wants it to the reward.’, ‘Haven’t we the whole country depending on us’, ‘It’s a pity some honest
man not to be the better of that.’, ‘take a draw yourself’, ‘that’s no song to be singing in these times’, and
the patriotic songs mentioning the Irish like, She courted a Highland soldier, ……. marry that ‘, Highland
soldier dressed up in Highland plaid.”, ‘it was on the wrong of poor old Granuaile’, etc.

2 Would these stories be true? Justify.

Complete the following : The ballad singer does not covet the reward on the fugitive as _________

Pick out the qualities of the ballad singer.

1 Did the ballad singer miss a line in the song? Justify.
2 The impact of the ballad singer singing the ballads and involving the Sergeant in these was _______
3 The reasons for the ballad singer singing the ballads and involving the Sergeant in these were ______
The wavelength of the man and the Sergeant goes together-find the evidences from the text.
The discussion about patriotic songs goes on. Find the points from the extract.
The wavelength of the man and the Sergeant goes together-find the evidences from the text.
The discussion about patriotic songs goes on. Find the points from the extract.
Does the Sergeant repent for joining the forces under the British rule? Prove. / Give reasons.
Explain the significance of the title Rising of the moon.
Give reasons:
1 The ballad singer first tries to quietly slip by but when that fails, he tries to scare the Sergeant, then
reminds him of his college days when the Sergeant too used to sing these freedom songs.
2 The ballad singer keeps singing the ballads in presence of the Sergeant.
What was the whistle from below?
Q. Comment on the Sergeant’s character as he lets the fugitive [hide to] escape.
Q. Was the Sergeant right in his duty when he let the fugitive [hide to] escape?
The Sergeant’s reaction surprises the audience. Write your opinion.
Explain the features of one-act play with reference to The Rising of the Moon.
Who are the “small who will rise up” and the “big who will fall down”?
What is the meaning of the title of the play “ The Rising of the Moon?
CHARACTER SKETCH : [1] THE BALLAD SINGER [2] THE SERGEANT.
1 The Sergeant supports the man by misguiding his comrades. Write your views.
2 Write your opinion about the man and the Sergeant.
3 Who was the ballad singer and what was his aim?
4 Why does the ballad singer sing the ballad “One word more, for signal token, Whistle up the marching
tune, With your pike upon your shoulder, At the Rising of the Moon” in the end?
[Ans.—See the answer to the question ‘What are the ballads sung by the man and the Irish?]
 top idn t tell ou to stop
ou can t go on there.

t s a hard thing to be poor.

ll the world s against the
poor

ome back from those steps

no one has lea e to pass down
them to night.

o e on tell ou. won t

ha e an one lingering about
the ua to night.

ou d be as wise as m self if
told ou..
Dialogue Who To Context Tone,
said whom Style

It’s the poor have the hard

life!

“Johnny Hart”—that’s a
lovely song.

Come back here. What sort

is he?
 Do you want to have me
killed?

Don’t be a fool. I didn’t tell

you to go that way; I told
you to go back to the town.

History of English Drama

❖ Study everything from the yuvakbharti in the section the History of English Drama.
The attempt these questions. [Solutions given at some places for you to understand.]
❖ Refer to the chart on the period of English literature and what kinds of plays, which
playrights, which plays were a part of that period.
❖ Refer to the chart on the elements of drama etc in yuvakbharti.
❖ History of Drama will be OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS.
❖ Some examples of some typed of questions [activities] are given here.

A Enlist any 4 elements of drama.

Ans. [Any 4] Some of the elements of drama are:
❖ Plot
❖ Characters
❖ Characterization
❖ Conflict
❖ Theme

A Match the following:

Plot Protagonist, major, minor, static, round etc.
Dialogue The essence of drama
Characters Reveals the nature of the characters
Conflict The series of events occurring in the play

Ans.
Plot The series of events occurring in the play
Dialogue Reveals the nature of the characters
Characters Protagonist, major, minor, static, round etc.
Conflict The essence of drama

A Fill in the blanks:

1 The series of events occurring in the play are its _________
2 A __________ character undergoes transformation in the play.
3 __________ lets the audience/readers know the character's thought process expressed aloud.
4 The __________ are those through which the location of the action is revealed through the effective
use of a variety of props.

Ans. 1 The series of events occurring in the play are its plot.
2 A round character undergoes transformation in the play.
3 Dialogue lets the audience/readers know the character's thought process expressed aloud.
4 The settings are those through which the location of the action is revealed through the effective use of
a variety of props.

A Pick the odd man out:

1 Plot-the character’s thought process, Settings-props
2 Theme-the central idea, language-round
3 Characterization-peculiarities of the characters, Conflict-plan/scheme
4 Monologue-stage directions, Plot-series of events

Ans. 1 Plot-the character’s thought process

2 language-round
3 Conflict-plan/scheme
4 Monologue-stage directions

Correct the incorrect statements:

1 ‘Willing suspension of disbelief’ can be defined as a willingness to accept the unreal.
2 The Secular Morality plays have direct links with the Renaissance period.
3 Shakespeariean era came into existence in the 18th century to the public theatre.
4 Comedy in the early 18th century declined into sentimentalism.

Ans. 2 The Secular Morality plays have direct links with Elizabethan plays.
3 Shakespeariean era came into existence in the 16th century to the public theatre.

A Arrange in proper sequence:

1 Charles II came back with the Restoration and the theatres were reopened.
2 Closing of theatres by the Puritans
3 The theatre was home, mainly to irregular spectacle, melodrama and farce.
4 Comedy in the early 18th century declined into sentimentalism.

Ans. -- 2 Closing of theatres by the Puritans

1 Charles II came back with the Restoration and the theatres were reopened.
4 Comedy in the early 18th century declined into sentimentalism.
3 The theatre was home, mainly to irregular spectacle, melodrama and farce.

Match the following:

Medieval Period 1600 to 1700
Victorian Period 11th to 15th Century
Renaissance Period 1660 onwards
Restoration Period 1837 to 1901
Ans.
Medieval Period 11th to 15th Century
Renaissance Period 1600 to 1700
Restoration Period 1660 onwards
Victorian Period 1837 to 1901

Match the following:

Medieval Period Tragi-comedy
Renaissance Period Kitchen sink drama
Modern Period Didactic Plays
Post Modern Era Stream of Consciousness

Medieval Period Didactic Plays

Renaissance Period Tragi-comedy
Modern Period Stream of Consciousness
Post Modern Era Kitchen sink drama

A Rewrite the given statements and state whether each is true or false.
1 T.S. Eliot experimented with Greek tragedy in the early forties of the 20th century.
2 Earliest seeds of modern Indian Drama can be found in the Sanskrit Drama.
3 The 20th century showed a talent in the drama with which the 19th century could not compete.
4 The public theatre of the 16th century differed in many important ways from the modern theatre.

Ans. 1 T.S. Eliot experimented with Greek tragedy in the early forties of the 20th century. True
2 Earliest seeds of modern Indian Drama can be found in the Sanskrit Drama. True
3 The 20th century showed a talent in the drama with which the 19th century could not compete. True
4 The public theatre of the 16th century differed in many important ways from the modern theatre. True

A Arrange in chronological order:

1 John Osborne
2 Lady Gregory
3 Ibsen
4 Shakespeare

Ans. 4 Shakespeare
3 Ibsen
2 Lady Gregory
1 John Osborne
A Pick the odd man out:
1 Renaissance Period-Romeo And Juliet, Restoration Period-Robin Hood
2 Modern Period- Pygmalion, Post Modern Era-Duchess of Malfi
3 Victorian Period-A Doll’s house, Medieval Period-Murder in the Cathedral
4 Reign of Elizabeth-Look Back in Anger, Reign of Charles II-The Way of the World

Ans. 1 Restoration Period-Robin Hood

2 Post Modern Era-Duchess of Malfi
3 Medieval Period-Murder in the Cathedral
4 Reign of Elizabeth-Look Back in Anger
A Match the flowing:
1 Exposition Development of drama, is a backbone
2 Conflict Is brief, introduction
3 Climax Brief, Often overlaps climax
4 Denouement Turning point, Important part

Ans.
1 Exposition Is brief, introduction
2 Conflict Development of drama, is a backbone
3 Climax Turning point, Important part
4 Denouement Brief, Often overlaps climax

Choosing the correct answer, fill in the blanks. Write the complete statements.
1 One Act play has _________ of time, place, and action.
2 A ________ character is one who remains the same throughout the story.
3 _____________ is an example of language.
4 There can be external conflict and _______ conflict in the play.
[Drama, unity, flat, round, soliloquy, props, outer, inner, plot]

Ans.
1 One Act play has unity of time, place, and action.
2 A flat character is one who remains the same throughout the story.
3 Soliloquy is an example of language.
4 There can be external conflict and inner conflict in the play.

Writing Skills -- Film review—From my HSC BOARD book on the syllabus that I published
P , T T T
For other topics, refer to the solution of
terminal 2023 in this file [the question
paper is available in the library.]

Refer to my notes on writing skills in

Transcendence, the Activity Book for HSC
Board syllabus. This book is available only
with me.
FYJC ENGLISH TERMINAL DECEMBER 2023 ACTIVITY SHEET Solution -- An idea
[Question paper is available in the library.]
KINDLY NOTE: MOST OF THE STUDENTS HAD NOT STUDIED. Several students had written similar answers
either from the guides or from private tuitions/coaching classes. Such answers fail to create a good
impression on the examiner as these are obvious—repetitive in sporadic papers.

READING ALL THE LESSONS WELL, WITH INTEREST, UNDERSTANDING ALL, GRAMMAR PRACTICE, AND
REGULARLY READING MAGAZINES, ARTICLES, NEWS, AND WATCHING EDUTAINMENT PROGRAMMES

hi
WILL ENHANCE YOUR ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

nd
Ans. 1 A 1

A B

Ga
1 Tales of Kasbai Made us more determined to get it
2 Visit to agriculture officer Was enlightening
3 Ex-sarpanch Devu Handa

ita
4 Hybrid Insipid
An
[This was such an easy answer. Obvious. Yet, some had made silly errors in spelling etc. Some had not
presented it as proper Match the following pattern.]
tea by

A2 The author Venkat Iyer had to travel to many places in the village for Kasbai rice seeds. His visits to the
er
agriculture officer and Adivasi Mahamandal were fruitless as they had neither any records of it nor heard
a

about it. He came to know that the rice variety was unknown to the market and hence would not sell and
de
ch

locals didn’t grow it any longer shifting to hybrid varieties.

A3 1 The Author’s visit to the agricultural officer was not useful as he had not heard about Kasbai rice. He
ni

rather said that the villagers were pulling his leg. He instead offered hybrid varieties to the writer which
he did not want.
–a

A3 2 The said local old rice variety, Kasbai was unknown to people and the government had no records of
it. As nobody knew about it, if people grew it, it would not sell in the market. So unfortunately, the villagers
ion

had stopped growing it shifting to the hybrid varieties which were tasteless and needed more water and
chemicals to grow.
lut

A4 Personal Response – Student’s answer.

[1 eg. Of answer being given here but note that many who did not study did not even know the meaning
of the word ‘aroma’.]
So

The basic ingredients plus the spices make the food delicious, emitting an aroma while cooking and
thereafter. The cultural diversity in India makes the healthy spices and aroma diverse. The villagers, the
forest homestays, and the Adivasis still make authentic delicious food with forest organic spices. If one
travels through the forests and villages, the aroma of freshly growing shoots of spices fills one’s nostrils.
The purer the food, without chemicals, the stronger, and more appetizing the aroma and taste, so also
it’s healthier and popular.

A5 1 What a heavy aroma the entire area would have!

2 His eyes will turn dreamy as he will drift to the past.
In this particular question in this
A6I question paper the words for Q 6
a mixed variety – hybrid were to be picked out from the
b pleasant smell – aroma extract.
c a different type of something – variety
d spoke rapidly – rattled off

2 a] ended x started
b] oldest x newest
c] present x past
d] forgot x remembered/ recognized

1 B 1 He is neither dumb nor lazy. /He is not only intelligent but also hardworking.
[He is neither not intelligent nor not hardworking.]

hi
2 What did Rama go to see?

nd
3 I told him to have some music for us.
4 Elders should be respected by one.

Ga
B 2 1] Error – from
Correct sentence - She has been working in this office since 1996.
2] Error – extreme
ita
Correct sentence - Summers in Delhi are extremely hot.
An

Ans. 2 A 1
Human feelings - Naure
i Loneliness fields
tea by

ii Freshness flowers/garden/forest/leaf
iii Being active bee
er

iv Calmness/Peace sky
a
de
ch

A2 Emily Dickinson’s brother Austin is away from home and has undergone some problems in life
depressing him making him unexpressive [which she terms as ‘there’ - darkness/silent fields]. ‘Here’
ni

indicated by brighter/frost-free forests/evergreen leaf/unfaded flowers etc. symbolize praying to God and
singing hymns. Poet Emily personally had turned to God, composed devotional poems, expressed her
–a

pent-up troubled emotions through poetry and found eternal solace in all that so she asks the brother to
turn to that for peace and positivity and that is what she means by ‘there’. Emily tells her brother
downsides are not the end of the road as life offers other opportunities [another sky], infusing positivity
ion

in him.

A3 Student’s response [distressful means when you face any troubling/suffering/sorrowful

lut

situations/experiences.] Accordingly, answer was to be written.

So

A4 Example/s of hyperbole – Here is a brighter garden

Where not a frost has been
And There is another sky
Ever serene and fair

Example/s of Inversion — Where not a frost has been/

[ Prithee, my brother]
Into my garden come

A5 Student’s own composed micro [mini] poem

Again here, several students have written similar ready-made

poems probably given in coaching classes/private tuitions/guides.
This doesn’t create a good impression on the examiner’s mind.

i
dh
Ans. 2 B Appreciation of the poem

n
The poem Upon Westminster Bridge, one of the best examples of romantic poems, has been composed

Ga
by the famed romantic Nature poet William Wordsworth, honoured as ‘Poet Laureate’ of the United
Kingdom. His collection of poetry ‘Lyrical Ballads’ is the central work of Romantic Literary theory.
ita
The theme of the poem is appreciating the beauty of nature and manmade structures early in the morning
when the world is yet to begin its activities. The poet expresses the mesmerizing and calming scene from
An

atop the Westminster Bridge at the time of sunrise when everything is sparkling and clear – be it natural
elements like valley, hill, river etc. or the ships, domes, temples etc.

The simple language succeeds in strikingly bringing out the theme. The style is descriptive [poem], use of
tea by

imagery, and a conversational tone. The poetic devices are imagery generating visions in our mind’s eye
like ‘Never did sun more beautifully steep’, ‘In his splendour…rock’ etc., Personification [‘The city…wear’,
er
a

‘mighty heart’, Synecdoche [mighty heart], Hyperbole, Simile, etc. beautifying the poem. The poem is a
de
ch

Petrarchan Sonnet. The first 8 lines Octave and the next 6 lines, Sestet, rhyme ABBAABBA CDCDCD.

The special features of the poem are imagery and that it has been composed in the pre-industrial era
ni

when there was hardly any pollution. Thus, it highlights the pure air, clean environment and clarity of
man-made structures and natural elements. It is notable to remember, if we connect this poem with
–a

today’s reality, when the Himalayas and wildlife were visible in the pandemic lockdown when almost all
industrial activity and human polluting activities like vehicles emitting harmful gases, construction
activities emitting particulate matter etc. had paused. The poem has developed a new message in the
ion

current
Students, to know the format of email, go to your Gmail on your phone/on your laptop
era—
and see! Only, you need to add your address if & where needed or as per the email
lut

that we
whatever other details are to be added. If any attachments are to be added, you may
need to
show that as well in the email. You may use imaginary names or simply write ABC, XYZ
curb
So

etc. in the place of name and an imaginary address etc. as you are not supposed to
reveal your identity in any form. The address to be written only when & where needed if
the question demands.
pollution lessening human activities harmful to the environment. In the previous era, obviously, the
message was: ‘How does one admire nature if one has no time to stand and stare?’

Ans. 3 A

To ABCtrafficcommissioner@[Link]
CC
BCC
From XYZ1@[Link]

Subject: Rash driving in and around Sagar Sarita Nagar—urgent action needed

hi
nd
Respected Madam/Sir,
I wish to draw your urgent attention on behalf of the residents of Sagar Sarita Nagar towards frequent

Ga
cases of rash driving and the roads and lanes becoming dangerous to drive or tread on due to the same.
This is a huge locality in A ward in South Mumbai consisting of 500+ societies.

ita
Lately, due to rash driving, there have been accidents where some vehicles have been damaged and a
couple of people have been seriously injured. Several motorists, trucks, tempos and bikes rashly drive
An
breaking the traffic rules due to the absence of traffic police officers, CCTVs and the lack of speed breakers.
Some videos and photographs of rash driving and its consequences have been attached to this mail. Must
lives be lost to wake up the already knowledgeable authorities?
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I, on behalf of the residents, request you to get installed CCTVs, erect speed breakers, and post enough
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traffic police officers in the area to curb the life-threatening acts of rash driving in Sagar Sarita Nagar.
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Thanking you in anticipation,

Yours truly,
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ABC
A conscious resident
–a

A-102/Rathi Society,
Sagar Sarita Nagar,
Charni Road,
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Mumbai
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Videos of rash driving Photographs of rash

causing accidents driving causing accidents
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OR
 Journey through the Eyes of a Movie Lover
[Link]
About Me Stories that Script and Music, Action, Hollywood
Sell Cast Cinematography successful stories

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A film-crazy world is drawn to the packed theaters when binding narratives glue the audience.
No great story, and would you watch a film only for the cast or music or action?

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Film history speaks…that weak storylines and great music ensure the film is a flop. So also for
the star-studded cast and great locales, be it an action flick, a historical drama, a sci-fi, a
romantic roller, a comedy or a tragedy. Star-studded films like Kabhi Khushi Kabhi Gum,

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popular youth icons-actors served Brahmastra, Jayeshbhai Jordar, Rocky aur Rani etc. were
disasters at the box office. Run-of-the-mill melodrama and a clash of ego and love or some

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ea
ideal wrapped in a weak storyline, some fantasy and repetitive CGI: stop serving us such a
platter. The audience can’t be fooled. Give us a unique Yeh Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara, an action

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flick Dhoom-2, the cultural roots-traditions-values-life rolled into one great story, a family
drama, like Hum Aapke Hain Koun!, Tare Zameen Per and a great saga of friendship-flawed
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education system—one which few bold movie makers dare to take up--3 Idiots, with a
generous sprinkle of romance and engineers’ innovative works for the good—now those are
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great stories…what blockbusters they are!

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Hey friends! Are you like-minded or different? Do share your views!

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Link to some great films worth watching Link to some great film-makers views
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Leave your comments/Share similar interests

Students, note that you need a proper format of the blog with the blog address and
preferably with the menu tabs, and other essentials like links/images, comments section,
social media etc. To learn blog writing, surf the net and read real-life blogs of famous
people/accomplished professionals. Read about people, personalities, hobbies, interviews
’
writing blogs.
OR

Name Miss. Yukta Rai

Area of Success/Reputation Captain, Indian Women’s Hockey Team,
Date, time, venue Having led the Indian women’s hockey team
Duration of the interview to several successes at other prior

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international sports tournaments
December 2, 2023, 10 AM to 11 AM;

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Knowledge First College, Mumbai
1 hour

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1 As it is known that you rose from poverty, how did your struggles with poverty push you back or forward

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you towards your passion?

2 Would you tell us how did your inspiration in the field of hockey shape you as a good hockey player?
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3 What emotions make you strong and firm to lead the team and the nation to Olympics?

4 What has been your team’s exercise regime, diet, coaching, and other preparations to match the
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Olympics standards?
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5 What strategies have you planned for the Indian women’s hockey team to co-ordinate and play and give
a tough fight to the best of your capabilities at the Olympic level?
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6 Olympics is the highest level of sports in the world and teams from other nations get the best coaching,
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good weather and ground, and sophisticated equipment to practise. How do you motivate your team to
perform as one and the best inspite of these challenges there?
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7 What will be your further strategies and plans for the Indian women’s hockey team should you lose and
what will be your plans should you win?
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8 Each talent in the team rising from struggles and several years of some failures and some successes at
different levels, what is your definition of success?
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9 What would be the inspiring and wise words from the captain of Indian women’s hockey team for
Olympics for the women in the nooks and corners of India yearning to play hockey or any other sport for
the nation?
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3B

Film Review: In HSC board exam, no genre/name of the film will be provided/asked in the
Activity Sheet [question paper]. Hence, a film review on a film of any genre is to be accepted

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here. However, in FYJC, teachers do provide a genre/some twisted question to make you

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understand that you all need to be prepared for every/any kind of question in the HSC Board
exam and that is fair enough. You must watch a film/some films of different genres to review

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it/these better than any ready-made reviews. Read some film reviews too in newspapers,
magazines, and online but do NOT copy. NO coaching classes/private tuitions/guides ready-
made reviews to be written. Learn to write your own reviews after reading and watching the

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films. The below one is an almost detailed review. You write a brief review in the exam.

Ans 3 B Film Review

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Brahmastra, a mythology-fantasy-action/adventure film aiming to be based on Shiva mythology and
divine powers within a human emerging from years of meditation and spiritual practice, hardly does
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justice to the theme. A Dharma Production [Karan Johar], directed by Ayan Mukerjee, though the star cast
is the youth icons, Ranbir Kapoor and Alia Bhat, with the might of legendary Amitabh Bachchan and in
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cameo roles the king Shahrukh Khan and Deepika Padukone, the weak storyline and over-the-top
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repetitive too-gaudy-to-seem-real CGI, don’t bind the larger audience and failed to deliver. The CGI seem
to be “inspired” from Hollywood but are nowhere near it nor to Bollywood. A medium profits gainer at
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the box office, the storyline has the hero Shiva [Ranbir Kapoor] supernatural powers [fire-controlling] the
reasons of which he is unaware and later, like Harry Potter, is revealed by ‘Guru’ of Brahmansh, Raghu
[Amitabh Bachchan]. His ominous prophesied dreams lead him to get involved with the evil out to grab
–a

the famed Brahmastra and who aims at destroying the good and resurrecting their evil lord ‘Dev’, an
antagonist [though Shiva’s father]. His dreams include the famed scientist Mohan Bhargav’s [Shahrukh
Khan] pained death for saving the ‘Guru’. Shiva’s search leads him and his love interest Isha Chatterjee
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[Alia Bhatt] to the Guru Raghu, highly trained in using the Divine Brahmansh powers to fight the evil and
protect the remaining part of the Brahmastra. However, such characters like Mohan Bhargav and Anish
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are so abrupt that the story loses the cohesiveness. So easily does the evil Junoon [Mouni Roy] attain all
the 3 parts of the Brahmastra and resurrect Dev, the antagonist, that it seems the good and the Divine
lose so easily to the evil. The story is a trilogy – the film is to be delivered to the already bored audience
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in 3 parts. The sequels parts 2 and 3 were to go to the theaters only in 2026 and 2027 but are delayed
projects. It doesn’t seem worth the effort, time, and exorbitant money in its making.

I did not like the film as the story is superficial, the over-the-top too flashy CGI and the contemporary cast,
though good, were unable to carry the theme of Shiva mythology and the Brahmastra on their shoulders.
It’s a melodrama trying to generate a failed sympathy with its good people’s deaths -- Mohan Bhargav
[Shahrukh Khan], Anish [Nagarjuna] and the kid trainee Tensing [Stanzin Delek]. The music and action too
aren’t appealing. Add to it, the old Brahmachari cum Mr. India films’ borrowed sub-plot too-unrealistic
and unfitting to this story: an orphan sheltering & rearing the orphan children —Shiva impressing his love
interest with it. Thus, there is no favourite scene of mine and well, you already know my opinion of the
film. My recommendation is, don’t waste time and money on it. Rather, sit at home and re-watch a Mr.
India or The Karate Kid of the 1990s.
OR
Expand the idea – To be written in 3 paras, 3rd person, no personal stories, no stories of 1 or 2 people must
fill the entire answer. NO ready-made answers from pvt. tuitions/guides/coaching classes as easily can
be made out as sporadic answer sheets have similar answers.
1st para- explain the meaning of the topic/proverb
2nd para-Give real life examples – 3 to 4
3rd para-Conclude with a suitable sentence adding to it another similar meaning proverb/a saying to
suit the topic
OR
Annual Day Function Script of Comperes Rajguru and Sarojini
Sarojini: Good morning one and all. Knowledge First college warmly welcomes the Chief Guest Miss. Khyati
Malhar, the Knowledge First Board President Miss. Karuna Rai, Principal Miss. Reyna Kotwal, Vice Principal

i
Mr. Anand Partho, Supervisor Mrs. Geeta Bali, all teachers, my student-friends and their parents to the

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much-awaited Annual Day of junior college. I, Sarojini, and my colleague Rajguru will take you through
today's journey.
[Both the comperes speak about the college and its trustees and take the audience through a slide show

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highlighting the achievements of the college, the students, the principal and the teachers.]
Rajguru: I invite the Chief Guest, President, Principal, Vice Principal, and Supervisor to light the auspicious
lamps to welcome the Almighty and inaugurate the function. [The lamps are lit.] Thank you, dignitaries. I
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request the Students Council President, Vice President, Secretary, and Public Relations Officer to honour
our dignitaries with bouquets and mementoes. [Clapping by all] I request all dignitaries to be seated in
the auditorium.
[After that]
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Sarojini: Pooja Gandhi and Ajinkya Maruti will now perform a pooja dance to invoke Lord Ganesha and
Goddess Saraswati’s blessings. [After the dance] What a soul-pacifying pooja dance!
Rajguru: We now request the President Miss. Karuna Rai to address us all. [After the speech] Your words
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are indeed very informative and enlightening for us. We promise you to come up to your expectations of
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being good human beings first and then the achievers.

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I now request the principal Miss. Reyna Kotwal to motivate our star winners today with her enlightening
words. [Post the speech] Your zest-infusing words greatly applaud our star winners. Under your with firm
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yet benevolent leadership, we will rise higher and higher, madam.

Sarojini: I now request our honourable Chief Guest Miss. Khyati Malhar, a famed, versatile Indian classical
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dancer as well as vocalist to imbue the students with some wisdom and inspire them with her precious
words. [Post the speech] We are indeed very grateful to you Miss. Malhar, for such benevolent adulation
for our star winners of the year. Your words will always light our path guiding us to excellence in life.
n–

Rajguru: I now request all dignitaries to come up on the stage and take their seats. [After that] I invite our
Vice Principal Mr. Anand Partho to give us a glimpse of the entire year’s activities and about academics,
in both of which, our stars have won many awards. [After his report]
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Sarojini: The much-awaited moments begin… I call upon our Chief Guest, President, and Principal to award
the superstars of our college.
[One-by-one, the entries of the academic performers for the year from Fyjc and Syjc [rank holders] are
called out. One after the other, the winners of different collegiate events and those college students who
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won different inter-collegiate events are called out to receive their trophies, certificates, and other
awards. Rajguru and Sarojini announce the categories and call out the winners. After every few entries,
Rajguru and Sarojini ask the audience to loudly applaud.
Rajguru and Sarojini in one voice: Common, all, fill this auditorium with a thunderous round of applause
for all star performers of Knowledge First College. We heartily congratulate the proud parents and the
proud teachers. Bravo! Star Winners! Give an echoing applause for the Star Parents too!
[After the prize distribution]
Sarojini: I call upon the Supervisor Mrs. Geeta Bali to give a vote of thanks. [Thereafter]
Sarojini: I now ask each of you to rise to the national anthem.

Note: Students, as the points in the question/activity [3 B] on compering asked for a detailed
script, the answer is lengthy. If the points were fewer in the question/activity, the answer would
be shorter. For eg. The lamp-lighting and the separate point of the inauguration-[the lighting of
the lamp itself is inauguration!] Also, it asks for an introduction so the About College info had to
be added. The Presidential address has to be in the beginning and not towards the end so the
right order in the answer has been followed.

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Ans. 4 A 1

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1 Director
2 Vedic Period
3 Pope Samuel
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4 Emotified Plays
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Ans. 4 A 2
1 Henrik Ibsen is Norwegian dramatist.
2 Secular Morality plays have direct links with Elizabethan plays.
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3 Soliloquy means character’s thought process expressed aloud.

4 The Way of the World comedy is written by William Congreve.
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Note: Students, in fill in the blanks, full sentences are to be

written. Compulsorily.
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–a

Ans. 4 B The Sergeant, though an Irish, is employed under the British imperials/government. He is duty-
bound to follow their orders to arrest a fugitive. The said fugitive is an Irish national fighting for Ireland’s
freedom from British rule. Ireland at the time was a colony of the Britishers and was fighting for its
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freedom from the foreign rule of the Britishers. The ragged man is the Irish nationalist in disguise as a
poor ballad singer in rags. The ‘ragged man’ uses varied tricks to manipulate the Sergeant and escape from
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the quay. He finally emotionally melts the sergeant. The readers would have thought the Sergeant would
arrest the fugitive inspite of everything. The ironic part is, though the Sergeant, under British employment,
is duty-bound to arrest the fugitive, he lets him escape [even forgoing the award and the promotion].
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2 The ‘ragged man/poor ballad singer’ -- the fugitive is an Irish nationalist fighting for Ireland’s freedom
from the Britishers the foreign rule. When he comes to the quay to escape via sea with his friends in a
boat, he sees the Sergeant guarding the quay to arrest him. So, he uses different tricks. Constantly singing
patriotic songs, firstly he tries to garner sympathy from the Sergeant on his poverty telling him that he, a
ballad singer, is out to earn some money for food by selling his ballads to the sailors. When that doesn’t
work, he tells the Sergeant that he will help him look out for the fugitive as he knows him. He then tries
to frighten the curious Sergeant by telling him that the fugitive is a very strong and dangerous man
knowing every weapon and he killed a policeman crushing his head with a stone to escape. Nothing of
that works on the courageous Sergeant, albeit not smart and alert. Moreover, the Sergeant blurts out his
inner conflict. Taking full advantage of this inner conflict, the fugitive uses the tactic of rekindling
patriotism in the Irish Sergeant troubling him with the thought that the Sergeant would get brickbats from
his family and Irish people if he arrests the fugitive—a nationalist. He starts singing patriotic songs,
especially of Lady Granuaile, a fiery popular patriot, deliberately makes an error in singing for the Sergeant
to correct him dragging him into singing the patriotic ballads, reminding him of his college days when the
Sergeant would sing the patriotic songs with his Irish friends yearning for Ireland’s freedom. That does it.
The Sergeant is emotionally then manipulated and tricked into letting the ‘Ragged Man’ escape via boat
with his Irish freedom fighters.