Dr Rahma Kamal El Dine Abou El Nour
Golgi Apparatus
Define: Italian biologist
Camillo Golgi
◼ Major membranous
organelles, concerned
with secretion.
◼ . Well developed in
“secretory cells”.
L/M:
H&E....negative golgi
image
L.M. Picture of Negative Golgi image
Histology Department/ Faculty of
MCQ
◼ In a plasma cell, negative Golgi
image is evident when stained with:
A- Ag
B- PAS
C- Iron haematoxylin
D- H&E
E- Janus green
Histology Department/ Faculty of Medicine/ Cairo University
Silver (Ag) (brown granules and
fibrils)
Site:
Apical : between nucleus and secretory
pole......secretary cell
Perinuclear :surrounds the nucleus......nerve
cell
.
Histology Department/ Faculty of Medicine/ Cairo University
L.M. Picture of Golgi Apparatus in Secretory Cells
Silver Stain (Ag)
Histology Department/ Faculty
L.M. Picture of Golgi Apparatus in Nerve Cell
Silver Stain (Ag)
Histology Department/ Faculty of
MCQ
◼ The organelle that is stained as
brown fibrils with(Ag) could be:
A- Mitochondria
B- rER
C- sER
D- Golgi apparatus
E- Lysosomes
Histology
Golgi Apparatus
E/M:
◼ Stacked saucer-shaped flattened vesicles.
◼ Flattened membrane-bounded saccules
◼ Each saccule is curved with narrow lumen &expended ends.
◼ Filled with low electron-dense material.
◼ 3-10 parallel flat saccules are arranged above the other
.....stacks like saucers
◼ Saccules are inter-connected with each other
◼ Each stack possesses two faces:
Convex (forming) face, receives transfer vesicles..bud
off.................
Concave (mature) face, form which various vesicles buds
off:
Cytology Histology department 11
Golgi Apparatus
1-Secretory vesicles
Move to the cell membrane discharge
content outside by exocytosis
2- lysosome containing hydrolytic enzymes......
Functions:
1. Concentration and accumulation of products
received from rER.
2. Chemical modification of proteins by adding
carbohydrates &sulphates.
3. Secretory vesicles formation.
4. Formation of lysosomes.
5. Maintenance of cell membrane and surface coat.
◼ F. of Golgi: Maintenance & Renewal of Cell
membrane.
Histology Department/ Faculty of Medicine/ Cairo University
Lysosomes
◼ Spherical membranous
organelle
◼ The digestive apparatus of
the cell.
◼ Originate from mature surface
of the Golgi apparatus, while
their hydrolytic enzymes are
synthesized in the rough
endoplasmic reticulum, as
phosholipase,protease,acid
phoshatase,nuclease and
sulfatase
Number:.......phagocytic
activity
Number:
◼ Increase in
phagocytic cells
([Link]).
◼ Neutrophils &
Macrophages.
Histology Department/ Faculty of Medicine/ Cairo University
Lysosomes
L/M:
demonstrated by special histochemical methods, e.g.
Acid phosphatase enzymes
E/M
Primary lysosomes:
– newly formed from….. Have not entered digestive
events
– Sherical membranous vesical surrounded by a single
membrane
– appear as homogenous vesicles.
Primary lysosomes:
Lysosomes
Lysosomes
. Secondary lysosomes:
– involved in digestive activity.
– appear as heterogeneous
vesicles:
a) Heterolysosomes prim.
Lysosome fuse with
phagosome....
Heterophagy
b) Multivesicular bodies prim.
Lysosome fuse with pinocytic
vesicle
c) Autolysosomes prim.
Lysosome fuse with autophagic
vacuole (vacuole containing old
organelles ......autophagy
E.M. Picture of Secondary Lysosomes
Histology Department/ Faculty
C-Autolysosome:
◼ 1ry lysosome +
destroyed
endogenous
substrate as old
mitochondria
Histology Department/ Faculty of Medicine/
Cairo University
Lysosomes
d) Residual bodies after digestion
...digested nutrients diffuse back to cytoplasm
....indigestible compounds retained.....residual bodies
Fate of residual bodies :
◼ Discharge content by exocytosis (cytostool)
◼ Accumulate (lipofuscin granules) age
pigments.................nerve heart cells
d-Residual bodies:
Histology Department/ Faculty of Medicine/ Cairo
University
◼ Fate of Residual
Bodies:
1) Discharge its
content
outside the
cell by
EXOCYTOSIS
(Cytostool)
Histology Department/ Faculty of Medicine/ Cairo University
2) Accumulate
within the cells
over the years
as “Lipofuscin
Granules”
(Age Pigments)
as in long-lived
cells (nerve
cells & heart
muscles).
Histology Department/ Faculty of Medicine/ Cairo University
Lysosomes
Functions: Digestion:
a) of nutrients inside the cytoplasm.
b) of any solid particle (phagocytic
vesicles) including bacteria and
viruses, so they have a defensive
function.
c) of any fluid droplets (pinocytic
vesicles).
d) of any degenerated organelles,
e.g. broken
mitochondria...maintain cell heath
e) of dead cells (autolysis after
death).
g)Help sperms to penetrate the ovum
h)In thyroid glands ..breaks inactive
hormone to active one
Lysosomes
◼ Medical syndromes develop due to lack
of lysosomal enzymes. Lack of
sulfatases results in intracellular
accumulation of sulfated compounds,
which interfere with normal function of
nerve cells.
MCQ
◼ Fusion of an autophagic vacuole
with a lysosome is called:
A- Multivesicular bodies
B- Residual bodies
C- Autophagolysosomes
D- Phagolysosomes
E- Primary lysosomes
Histology Department/ Faculty of Medicine/ Cairo University