A

Lab Report on
Mathematics II (CAMT 154)
Faculty of Humanities and Social
Sciences Tribhuvan University
Kirtipur, Nepal

Submitted by:
Name: Aayush Bhandari
Roll No.: 813016
T.U Registration No.: 6-2-366-2-2024

Submitted To:
National College
Bachelor of Computer Application
Lainchaur, Kathmandu, Nepal

I
 CERTIFICATE FROM THE SUPERVISOR
This is to certify that the Project Report entitled “Lab Report” is an academic work done by “Aayush
Bhandari” submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor in Computer
Applications (BCA) at National College (NIST) under my guidance and supervision.
To the best of my knowledge, the work is performed by him in his own creation.

…………………………….
Signature of the Supervisor
Name: Amrit Sharma Gautam
Designation: Teacher
Date: 2025-08-11

II
 DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the work reported in this report entitled “Lab Report” submitted to Office of the Dean,
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tribhuwan University, is my original work done in the form of
partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor in Computer Applications (BCA) under the
supervision of Mr. Amrit Sharma Gautam of National College, T.U.

…………………………….
Aayush Bhandari
National College (NIST)
Roll No.: 813016
T.U Registration No.: 6-2-366-2-2024

III
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I sincerely express my deep gratitude to National College for providing me with the opportunity to carry out
this lab report as part of the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor in Computer Applications
(BCA) degree.

I am profoundly grateful to my respected teacher, Mr. Amrit Sharma Gautam, for his invaluable
guidance, inspiration, and constant encouragement throughout this process. Despite his busy schedule, he
generously dedicated his time to provide me with insightful feedback and unwavering support, for which I
am truly indebted.

I also extend my heartfelt appreciation to the administrative staff, my family, and friends for their
continuous motivation and contributions, which played a crucial role in the successful completion of this
report.

Lastly, I take full responsibility for any errors or shortcomings in this report and sincerely welcome
constructive feedback for improvement.

Aayush Bhandari

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page..........................................................................................................................................I

Certificate from the Supervisor.......................................................................................................II

Declaration.....................................................................................................................................III

Acknowledgement.........................................................................................................................IV

Table of Contents............................................................................................................................V

Introduction to Mathematica............................................................................................................1

Getting started with Mathematica...............................................................................................2 - 3

1. Arithmetic Operations in Mathematica..............................................................2

2. Mathematical Functions in Mathematica...........................................................2

3. Relational and Logical Operations.....................................................................3

Solving problems using Mathematica.......................................................................................4 - 14

1. Evaluate the limits..............................................................................................4

2. Find the derivatives of.......................................................................................6

3. Find the second order derivative.......................................................................6

4. Find maximum and minimum values................................................................7

5. Solve the differential equations.........................................................................8

6. Evaluate.............................................................................................................8

7. Maximize..........................................................................................................9

8. Plot the graph of..............................................................................................10

Conclusion......................................................................................................................................15

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 Introduction to Mathematica:
Mathematica is the creation of Stephen Wolfram, a theoretical physicist who has made important
contributions to mathematics and computer science. Wolfram describes Mathematica as “the world’s only
folly integrated environment for technical computing.” At the heart of Mathematica is a computer algebra
system, that is, system for doing algebraic manipulations symbolically.

When we start up Mathematica, the first thing we see is a window displaying the contents of a “notebook”
with a blinking cursor. This window is displayed by Mathematica’s front end. The front end is the interface
between us and the Mathematica Kernel, which does the computations.

A Mathematica notebook is composed of cells. On the right side of the window, we see cell brackets. Each
cell in the notebook is either and input cell, an output cell, or a graphics cell. There are several other kinds
of cells. Some of these are text, title, and section.

Also notice the horizontal line near the bottom of the window. This indicates the insertion point for the new
cell. To enter a command into a notebook, simply begin typing. The default cell type is input. When we’re
done typing, just press shift-enter. To evaluate an existing input cell simply click anywhere inside the cell
(or on the cell bracket) and press shift-enter.

1
 Getting Started with Mathematica
As mentioned above, Mathematica has many capabilities, such as the fact that one can write programs made
up of Mathematica commands. The simplest way to use Mathematica, though is as an interactive computing
environment. We enter a command and the Mathematica executes it and returns the result.

 Arithmetic Operations in Mathematica

Symbols Operations
+ Addition
- Subtraction
Space or * Multiplication
/ Division
^ Power

 Mathematical Functions in Mathematica

Symbols Functions
Pi π
B e
Sqrt [x] Gives the square root of x or √x
Exp [x] Gives the power x of e or ex
Abs [x] Gives absolute value of real number x or |x|
n! Gives factorial of n
Sin [x] Gives the value of sin x
Cos [x] Gives the value of cos x
Tan [x] Gives the value of tan x
Log [x] Gives the value of loge x or ln x
Log [a, x] Gives the value of loga x
Infinity ∞

The arguments of Mathematica functions should be enclosed by the square brackets [ ] and built-in functions
should begin with capital letters.

2
 Relational and Logical Operations
Symbols Operations
x == y Equal
x! = y or x ≠ y Unequal
X>y Greater than
x >= y or x ≥ y Greater than or equal to
x<y Less than
x <= y or x ≤ y Less than or equal to

3
 Solving Problems Using Mathematica
1. Evaluate the limits:
a) lim √ x 2 +1
x→ ∞ x +1

lim ( √ x−√ x−3 )

x→ ∞
b)

c) lim
√ x−√ x−3
x →2 x−2

3
x −64
d) lim 2
x→ 4 x −16

e) lim
√ x +2−√ 4−x
x →1 x2 −1

f) lim √ 2 x−√ 3−x 2

x →1 x−1

4
 x−√ 2−x 2
g) lim
x →1 2 x−√ 2+2 x 2

tan 2 x−sin2 x
h) lim 3
x →0 x

2
sec x −2
i) lim
x→
π tanx−1
4

x sin y− y sin x
j) lim
x→ y x−y

x cos θ−θ cos x

k) lim
x →0 x−θ

5
 nx
l) lim ( a−x ) tan
x →a 2a

2. Find the derivatives of:

i) 3x2 – 5x + 7

ii) Tan (cos 5x)

iii) esin x

iv) log( √ a+ x + √ a−x )

6
3. Find the second order derived of 5x4 + 4x3 - 2x + 7.

4. Find the maximum and minimum values of f (x) = 4x3–

15x2+12x+7.

7
5. Solve the differential equations.
a) x dx – y dy = 0

8
 x
dy e +1
b) =
dx y

dy y
c) + =1
dx x

6. Evaluate:
a) ∫ 3 x 2 dx

b) ∫ sin ( 2 x ) dx

c) log ∫ x dx

9
 d) ∫ x e x dx

e) ∫ ( 2 x+5 ) dx
−2

π
2
f) ∫ x sin x dx
0

7. a. Maximize: Z = 14x + 4y
Subject to: 2 x+ y ≤ 3
x− y ≤1
x , y ≥0

10
8. Plot the graph of:
a) f ( x)=x2

b) f ( x )=x 2−2 x−8

11
c) f (x)=sin x ,−2 π ≤ x ≤ 2 π

12
d) f (x)=tan x ,−π ≤ x ≤ π

e) f ( x )=e2 x ,−1≤ x ≤ 1

13
f) f (x)=log 4 x ,−3 ≤ x ≤ 3

g) A circle of radius 4 units and centre (0,0).

14
 2 2
x y
h) An ellipse + =1
25 36

15
 2 2
x y
i) A hyperbola − =1
25 9

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 CONCLUSION

This lab report successfully explored Mathematica's capabilities for advanced mathematical
computing and visualization. Through practical implementation, I examined fundamental
calculus concepts including limit evaluation, derivative computation, integral calculation, and
differential equation solving. The software demonstrated exceptional proficiency in handling
both symbolic manipulations and numerical approximations, providing exact solutions where
possible while efficiently approximating others. Of particular note was Mathematica's robust
plotting functionality, which enabled clear visualization of complex functions and geometric
shapes through customizable 2D graphs and geometric renderings.

The computational methods aligned perfectly with theoretical approaches taught in lectures,
reinforcing conceptual understanding through practical application. Mathematica's versatile
programming environment proved particularly valuable when solving optimization problems
and analyzing function behavior, offering advantages over traditional programming
languages through its specialized mathematical syntax and immediate visualization
capabilities. The ability to seamlessly transition between symbolic and numeric computation
sets Mathematica apart from tools like MATLAB or Python for mathematical exploration.

Through this comprehensive exercise, I've developed strong competencies in leveraging

Mathematica for technical problem-solving. The experience has not only solidified my
understanding of core mathematical concepts but has also demonstrated how computational
tools can enhance analytical capabilities. These skills will undoubtedly prove valuable for
future academic research and technical applications across scientific disciplines.

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