Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region I
San Fernando City
La Union
DIVISION OF PANGASINAN II
Binalonan

MODULE IN
CITIZENSHIP ADVANCEMENT TRAINING (CAT)
DISASTER ASSISTANCE
SAFETY EDUCATION: REVIEW AND APPLICATION OF FIRST AID

QUARTER 2 – WEEK 2
December 11, 2020

MELC/s:
1. Discuss the importance of administering first aid in response to any emergency
situation.

Prepared by

EMERSON L. ALCANTARA
Teacher III
Don Ramon E. Costales Memorial NHS

Content Validated and Quality Assured:

CLARINDA-ARLIN P. REYES ROMEO M. DELMENDO

Head Teacher III Head Teacher III

ARNOLD JIMENEZ CATHERINE D. DOMINGO

Head Teacher III Head Teacher III

DANILO S. EDEN MA. CRISELDA C. LAGUARDIA

Head Teacher VI Head Teacher VI

LILIBETH A. DAUS
Education Program Supervisor
In-Charge MAPEH/CAT

1
 QUARTER 2 - Week 2
SAFETY EDUCATION: REVIEW AND APPLICATION OF FIRST AID

I. Introduction
This lesson will help you understand about disaster assistance particularly on
basics of first aid, emergency preparedness and the importance of emergency
checklist.

Government organizations at all levels—local, and State— share the common

goal of preventing or lessening the effects of disasters caused by earthquakes,
floods, typhoons, hurricanes, tornadoes, and other natural or technological events.

II. Lesson Coverage

• Review on the skills and knowledge on first aid
• Procedures in giving first aid of any emergency situation

III. What I Need to Know

In this lesson you are expected to:

⚫ Review the necessary knowledge and skills on first aid appropriate for the victim
in any emergency situation.
⚫ Perform proper procedures in giving first aid to victims of any emergency situation.
⚫ Apply the proper use of bandage and dressing.
⚫ Apply the appropriate technique in lifting and moving the victim from danger to a
safe place.

IV. What’s New

Activity 1: EMERGENCY! What will I do?”

Directions: Pick two (2) situations and give the immediate action to be taken. Write
down your answers on the space provided for.

Situation Immediate Action to be Taken

1. Your teacher suffers a heart attack.
2. Your classmate has drunk poison.
3. Your younger sister cuts her finger with a
knife.
4. Your neighbor experiences stroke.
5. Your mother accidentally touches a hot
pan.
6. A man in the street is bumped by a car.
7. Your cousin who does not know how to
swim falls into a deep part of the river.
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Process Questions:
1. Who are victims of accidents? Where do accidents happen? Why do they
happen?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

2. Are these situations preventable? How?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

3. Why do we need to give immediate action to an emergency situation?

______________________________________________________________

V. What Is It

I. FIRST AID

First aid refers to the emergency or immediate care you should provide when a
person is injured or ill until full medical treatment is available. For minor conditions,
first aid care may be enough. For serious problems, first aid care should be continued
until more advanced care becomes available.
The decision to act appropriately with first aid can mean the difference between
life and death. Begin by introducing yourself to the injured or ill person. Explain that
you are a first aid provider and is willing to help. The person must give you permission
to help them; do not touch them until they agree to be helped. If you encounter a
confused person or someone who is critically injured or ill, you can assume that they
would want you to help them. This is known as “implied consent.”

Objectives of First Aid

1. To save lives.
2. To prolong life.
3. To alleviate suffering.
4. To prevent further injury.

Roles of First aid

1. It is a bridge that fills the gap between the victim and the physician.
2. It is not intended to compete with or to take the place of the services of the
physician.
3. It ends when the services of the physician begins.

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Characteristics of a Good Fist Aider
1. Gentle- does not cause pain and panic.
2. Observant – notices all signs.
3. Resourceful – makes the best use of things at hand.
4. Tactful – does not frighten the victim.
5. Sympathetic – comforts and reassures the victim.

Principles of First Aid

(Dos in Giving First Aid) (Don’ts in Giving First Aid)
1. Stay calm. 1. DON’T give food and drink to
2. Reassure and comfort the victim. an unconscious person.
3. Check for a medical bracelet indicating 2. DON’T move an injured
a condition, such as epilepsy or diabetes. person unless you need to
place him/her in the
4. Loosen any tight clothing. recovery position.
5. Keep the victim covered to reduce shock.

BANDAGE and DRESSING

The terms ‘dressing’ and ‘bandage’ are often used synonymously. In fact, the
term ‘dressing’ refers more correctly to the primary layer in contact with the wound. A
bandage is a piece of material used either to covering wounds, to keep dressings in
place, to applying pressure controlling bleeding, to support a medical device such as
a splint, or on its own to provide support to the body. It can also be used to restrict a
part of the body.

Dressings are used to cover wounds, prevent contamination and control bleeding.
In providing first aid we commonly used self-adhesive dressings or gauze dressings:
• Adhesive dressings are used mainly for small wounds. They come in many
different sizes, including specific types for placement on fingertips.
• Gauze dressings are thick, cotton pads used to cover larger wounds. They are
held in place with tape or by wrapping with a gauze strip (bandage).

Dressings must be sterile and absorbent to deter the growth of bacteria, and
should be left in place until the wound heals, unless it needs to be regularly cleaned.

How to apply a dressing with a bandage attached

1. Wash hands and put on disposable, non-latex gloves before touching a
dressing or wound. We recommend using nitrile powder-free gloves for your
first aid kit.
2. Unfold the dressing pad and lay it directly on top of the wound, keeping it in
place by holding the bandage on each side. Make sure the dressing covers
beyond the edge of the wound

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 3. Wrap the short end of the bandage around the injured part to secure the
dressing pad.
4. Then wrap the longer end around the injured part, making sure all of the
dressing pad is covered. Leave the short end hanging out.
5. Secure the bandage by tying the short and long ends together in a reef knot,
over the top of the pad to keep pressure on the wound.
6. Then check their circulation. To do this press a nail or skin beyond the wound
for five seconds until it goes pale. If the color doesn’t come back within two
seconds, the bandage is too tight so you’ll need to loosen it. Keep checking
their circulation every 10 minutes.
7. If blood comes through the dressing, don’t remove it but apply a second
dressing over the top. If it comes through the second dressing, take off both
dressings and apply a new one, putting pressure on the bleed.

For more information you may visit these links:

[Link]
[Link]

How to apply a sterile pad or gauze

1. Wash hands and put on disposable, non-latex gloves before touching a
dressing or wound.
2. Ensure the pad covers beyond the edge of the wound.
3. Hold the pad by the edges and place it directly on top of the wound.
4. Never touch the part of the pad that will be in contact with the wound.
- Secure the pad with adhesive tape or a roller bandage.
- Never wrap tape all the way around the injured part as this could reduce the
blood flow. If you need to maintain pressure to control bleeding, use a roller
bandage.
- If you have no pad or gauze available, you can use a clean, non-fluffy material
such as a cloth.

For more information you may visit this link:

[Link]

5
Bandage

Parts of a Triangular Bandage

Two Phases of Bandaging

1. An open phase bandaging is used for wounds on top and back of the head,
chest, back, hand, and foot, and as arm sling.
2. A cravat phase bandaging is used for wounds that need extra support like
wound on the eye, forehead, ear, check, jaw, shoulder, hip, arm, leg, elbow,
knee, and palm and for a sprained ankle. The narrower the cravat is, the
greater pressure it will give,

Technique in bandaging
1. Dress the wound. Put on gloves or use other protection to avoid contact with
the victim's blood. ...
2. Cover the bandage. Wrap roller gauze or cloth strips over the dressing and
around the wound several times. ...
3. Secure the bandage. Tie or tape the bandage in place. ...
4. Check circulation.

For more information you may visit these links:

[Link]
[Link]

How to do a square knot

Tying a square knot is as easy as right over left, left over right. Here’s how:
1. Hold an end of the rope in each hand.
2. Pass the right end over and under the rope in your left hand.
3. Pass the rope end now in your left hand over and under the one now in your
right.
4. Tighten the knot by pulling both running ends at the same time.
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For more information you may visit this link:
[Link]

TRANSPORTING VICTIMS
One Rescuer
Ankle Pull The ankle pull is the fastest method for moving a victim a
short distance over a smooth surface. This is not a preferred
method of patient movement.
1. Grasp the victim by both ankles or pant cuffs.
2. Pull with your legs, not your back.
3. Keep your back as straight as possible.
4. Try to keep the pull as straight and in-line as possible.
5. Keep aware that the head is unsupported and may
bounce over bumps and surface imperfections.
Shoulder Pull The shoulder pull is preferred to the ankle pull. It supports the
head of the victim. The negative is that it requires the rescuer
to bend over at the waist while pulling.
1. Grasp the victim by the clothing under the shoulders.
2. Keep your arms on both sides of the head.
3. Support the head.
4. Try to keep the pull as straight and in-line as possible
Blanket Pull This is the preferred method for dragging a victim.
1. Place the victim on the blanket by using the “logroll” or
the three-person lift.
2. The victim is placed with the head approx. 2 ft. from
one corner of the blanket.
3. Wrap the blanket corners around the victim.
4. Keep your back as straight as possible.
5. Use your legs, not your back.
6. Try to keep the pull as straight and in-line as possible.
Lover’s Carry This only works with a child or a very light person.
1. Place your arms under the victim’s knees and around
their back.

Firefighter Carry This technique is for carrying a victim longer distances. It is

very difficult to get the person up to this position from the
ground. Getting the victim into position requires a very strong
rescuer or an assistant. The victim is carried over one
shoulder.
1. The rescuer’s arm, on the side that the victim is being
carried, is wrapped across the victim’s legs and grasps
the victim’s opposite arm.
Pack-Strap Carry When injuries make the firefighter carry unsafe, this method
is better for longer distances than the one-person lift.

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 1. Place both the victim’s arms over your shoulders.
2. Cross the victim’s arms, grasping the victim’s opposite
wrist.
3. Pull the arms close to your chest.
4. Squat slightly and drive your hips into the victim while
bending slightly at the waist.
5. Balance the load on your hips and support the victim
with your legs.
Two Rescuers
Human Clutch / For the conscious victim, this carry allows the victim to
Two-Man Drag swing their leg using the rescuers as a pair of crutches. For
the unconscious victim, it is a quick and easy way to move
a victim out of immediate danger.
1. Start with the victim on the ground.
2. Both rescuers stand on either side of the victim’s
chest.
3. The rescuer’s hand nearest the feet grabs the victim’s
wrist on their side of the victim.
4. The rescuer’s other hand grasps the clothing of the
shoulder nearest them.
5. Pulling and lifting the victim’s arms, the rescuers bring
the victim into a sitting position.
6. The conscious victim will then stand with rescuer
assistance.
7. The rescuers place their hands around the victim’s
waist
8. For the unconscious victim, the rescuers will grasp
the belt or waistband of the victim’s clothing.
9. The rescuers will then squat down.
10. Place the victim’s arms over their shoulders so that
they end up facing the same direction as the victim.
11. Then, using their legs, they stand with the victim.
12. The rescuers then move out, dragging the victim’s legs
behind.
Four-Handed Seat This technique is for carrying conscious and alert victims
moderate distances. The victim must be able to stand
unsupported and hold themselves upright during transport.
1. Position the hands as indicated in the graphic.
2. Lower the seat and allow the victim to sit.
3. Lower the seat using your legs, not your back.
4. When the victim is in place, stand using your legs,
keeping your back straight.

Two-Handed Seat This technique is for carrying a victim longer distances. This
technique can support an unconscious victim.
1. Pick up the victim by having both rescuers squat down
on either side of the victim.
2. Reach under the victim’s shoulders and under their
knees.
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 3. Grasp the other rescuer’s wrists.
4. From the squat, with good lifting technique, stand.
5. Walk in the direction that the victim is facing.
Chair Carry This is a good method for carrying victims up and down stairs
or through narrow or uneven areas.

NOTE: The chair used should be a sturdy one. Don’t use

aluminum beach chairs, resin patio chairs, swivel chairs,
or lightweight folding chairs.

REMEMBER: Chairs with wheels can be used to roll the

victim, but should not be used for a carry.
1. Pick the victim up and place them or have them sit in a
chair.
2. The rescuer at the head grasps the chair from the
sides of the back, palms in.
3. The rescuer at the head then tilts the chair back onto
its rear legs.
4. For short distances or stairwells, the second rescuer
should face in and grasp the chair legs.
5. For longer distances, the second rescuer should
separate the victim’s legs, back into the chair and, on
the command of the rescuer at the head, both
rescuers stand using their legs.
Improvised This technique requires two poles/pipes strong enough to
Stretcher support the victim’s weight and at least two shirts.
REMEMBER: Rescuers should not give up clothing if, for any
reason, this might affect their health, welfare, or reduce their
effectiveness.
1. While the first rescuer is grasping the litter poles, the
second rescuer pulls the shirt off the head of rescuer
one.
2. All buttons should be buttoned with the possible
exception of the collar and cuffs.
3. The rescuers then reverse the procedure and switch
sides.
Blanket Stretcher This technique requires two poles and a blanket.
1. Place the blanket down on the ground.
2. Place one pole approx. 1 foot from the middle of the
blanket.
3. Fold the short end of the blanket over the first pole.
4. Place the second pole approx. 2 feet from the first (this
distance may vary with victim or blanket size).
5. Fold both halves of the blanket over the second pole.
Three or More Rescuer
Hammock Carry Three or more rescuers get on both sides of the victim. The
strongest member is on the side with the fewest rescuers.
1. Reach under the victim and grasp one wrist on the
opposite rescuer.

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 2. The rescuers on the ends will only be able to grasp
one wrist on the opposite rescuer.
3. The rescuers with only one wrist grasped will use their
free hands to support the victim’s head and feet/legs.
4. The rescuers will then squat and lift the victim on the
command of the person nearest the head,
remembering to use proper lifting techniques.

Three Person This technique is for lifting a patient into a bed or stretcher, or
Carry or Stretcher for transporting them short distances.
Lift 1. Each person kneels on the knee nearest the victim’s
feet.
2. On the command of the person at the head, the
rescuers lift the victim up and rest the victim on their
knees.
If the patient is being placed on a low stretcher or litter
basket:
On the command of the person at the head, the patient is
placed down on the litter/stretcher.
If the victim is to be placed on a high gurney/bed or to be
carried:
At this point, the rescuers will rotate the victim so that the
victim is facing the rescuers, resting against the rescuers’
chests.
1. On the command of the person at the head, all the
rescuers will stand.
2. To walk, all rescuers will start out on the same foot,
walking in a line abreast.

II. EMERGENCY

An emergency is a sudden onset of a medical or surgical condition that is

manifested by symptoms of sufficient severity that, in the absence of immediate
medical attention, could reasonably be expected to result in serious danger to health
or impairment of bodily function.

Examples are:
• Head injury with drowsiness or vomiting
• Severe injuries sustained in accidents or falls
• Loss of consciousness
• Dislocated or broken bones
• Sudden, severe chest pain

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• Sudden severe abdominal pain
• Uncontrollable bleeding
• Checking with difficulty in breathing
• Drug overdose or poisoning

III. EMERGENCY CHECKLIST

In a medical emergency, give first aid in this order.
1. If possible, get someone to call a doctor/ambulance while you give first aid.
2. Open and check airway: remove any material in mouth and throat. Check
breathing and if none, then proceed with mouth-to-mouth assisted breathing.
Restarting breathing in first priority, except when the problem is choking.
3. Check for severe bleeding. If present, try to stop this.
4. If you suspect spine (backbone) injury, do not the person. Do not turn or tilt
head. Slide the body while the head or neck support. Spine injury may be
suspected if the person has fallen from height, been involved in a serious traffic
accident, or has numbness/lacks sensation in/cannot move his upper/lower
limbs.
5. If he is unconscious but breathing normally with no suspected spine injury, put
him in the recovery position.
6. Do not leave the person until medical help arrives. If you are alone and no
medical help has been called for, but there is no spine injury and the person’s
condition is stable, take him to the Emergency Department of the nearest
hospital at once.

A. Mouth-to-Mouth Resuscitation
This is a life-saving measure for a person who has stopped breathing.
What you (the first aider) can do:
1. Lay the person face up on a firm surface.
2. Support his neck and tilt his head back, to straighten the airway.
3. Open his mouth and remove any blockage (including false teeth) with your
finger.
4. Pinch his nose shut.
5. Take a deep breath, and seal your mouth over his mouth.
6. Blow strongly into his mouth 4 times in quick succession, while checking if his
chest rise.
7. Continue to blow strongly and steadily once every 5 seconds (i.e. 12 times a
minute)
If both breathing and heart are weak or has stopped, do heart massage
continuously 4-5 times, stop and perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Continue
until patient has started breathing on his or her own.
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Mouth-to-Mouth Resuscitation
1. Lay the person down, turn head to one side and check for obstruction.
2. Pinch nose shut. Seal your mouth over his/her mouth and blow gently.
3. Take a deep breath as his/her chest deflates and repeat blowing procedures.

For more information you may visit these links:

[Link]
[Link]

B. Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

This is a life-saving measure for a person whose heart has stopped. CPR is
a combination of external heart massage and mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. CPR
is best used only if you have been trained to do so by a qualified instructor, or you
may do more harm than good. The instructions as follows are to refresh your
memory.
What you (the first aider) can do:
1. Kneel beside the person.
2. Place the heel of one of your other palm on top of the first one. Your fingers
should not touch the chest.
3. With arm straight, lean forward until your shoulders are above the person’s
breastbone.
4. Press the breastbone downwards about 4-5 cm (for an adult). With your hands
in place, lean back and let the breastbone rise to its original position.
5. Continue pressing at the rate about 3 times every 2 seconds (i.e. 80-100 times
a minute)
6. Pinch the nostril and give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation at the rate of 2 strong
blows into his mouth every 15 presses.

For more information you may visit this link:

[Link]
The Recovery Position
This is a safe position for an unconscious person, which allows easy breathing
and prevents choking on his own vomitus. Put a person on this position only if you do
not suspect back injury and have checked that he breathing normally.
What you (the first aider) can do:
1. Place the near arm of the person close to his body, with the hand under the leg.
2. Cross the far arm over the chest, and cross the far leg over the near leg.

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 3. While protecting his head, grip his clothes at the far hip and turn the person
towards you to lie face down.
4. Turn his head to one side and check that the far hip and turn the person towards
you to lie face down.
5. Turn his head to one side, and check that the airway is clear.
6. Bend his uppermost leg at the knee to support his lower body.
7. Pull out the other arm from under his body and lay it straight, to prevent him
rolling unto his back again.

For more information you may visit these links:

[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
The recovery position is not appropriate if:
1. The victim is seriously injured.
2. Spinal injury is suspected.

VI. What’s More

Activity 2: First Aider on the Go…

Directions: The person in the illustration is a first aider. Interpret it emphasizing the
importance of first aid to oneself and others.

Process Questions:

1. What is the importance of having knowledge and skills in first aid?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

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Activity 3: Carry Me!
Directions: Match Column A to Column B. Write your answer on the space provided.
A B
___1. a. Firefighter Carry

___2. b. Hammock Carry

___3. c. Blanket Pull

___4. d. Two-Man Drag

___5. e. Pack-Strap Carry

___6. f. Lover’s Carry

___7. g. Chair Carry

VII. What I Have Learned

Activity 4: Complete Me!
Directions: Complete the unfinished statements below.
I can be a first aider because ____________________________________
I will be a first aider because ____________________________________
As a first aider, I will ___________________________________________
As a first aider I should be ______________________________________

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Process Questions:
1. What is the importance of first aid?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

VIII. What I Can Do

Activity 5: Rescue Me!
Directions: Arrange the following steps in rendering first aid in chronological order by
writing in the box numbers 1 to 4.

The person must give you permission to help them; do not touch them until
they agree to be helped. If you encounter a confused person or someone
who is critically injured or ill, you can assume that they would want you to
help them. ( if the person is not breathing apply CPR )
Begin by introducing yourself to the injured or ill person (simply tap his/her
shoulder and say “Hey miss/mister, Are you okay? I am _______.)
Ask for an assistance to the people around you by simply telling them to
contact an ambulance. ( say “Hey miss/mister kindly call an ambulance
while I am giving a first aid to the victim”)
Explain that you are a first aid provider and are willing to help. (say “I
would like to help you “)

Activity 6: Act It Out!

Directions: From the steps of giving a first aid above, make a video/ documentation
of yours while performing the procedures. Submit it to your teacher for evaluation.
Rubrics will be used to rate your output.

IX. Assessment

Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. What do you call the immediate care given to an injured person before the
arrival of a physician?
a. First Aid c. Immediate Care
b. Chest Compression d. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
2. When a first aider does not alarm a victim, what characteristic does he/she
show?
a. Gentleness c. Resourcefulness
b. Being observant d. Tactfulness
3. What is the first thing to do in assessing an emergency situation?
a. Call for help c. Survey if the scene is safe
15
 b. Do a head-to-toe examination d. Check the vital signs of the victim
4. When is a primary survey of the victim done?
b. When the victim is conscious c. When the victim is unconscious
c. During the survey of the scene d. After the victim has regained
Consciousness
5. What is the second step in providing basic first aid?
a. Call for help c. Survey if the scene is safe
b. Do a head-to-toe examination d. Check the vital signs of the victim
6. A situation that poses an immediate risk to health, life, property,
or environment.
a. Scene c. Setting
b. Emergency d. Accident
7. Which is not a characteristics of a good first aider?
a. Being observant c. Sympathetic
b. Resourcefulness d. Hot temper
8. What is the key principle for emergency?
a. assess the situation for danger c. Gather people to help you
b. Look for a physician d. Do not touch the victim
9. What is not a principle of First Aid?
a. Stay calm c. Loosen any tight clothing
b. Give food and drink to unconscious d. Keep the victim covered to reduce
person shock
10. Which is an objective of first aid?
a. To prolong life c. To end the services of a physician
b. To bridge the gap between the victim d. To intensify suffering
and the physician
11. A piece of material used either to covering wounds, to keep dressings in place,
to applying pressure controlling bleeding, to support a medical device.
a. Dressing c. Splint
b. Bandage d. Stretcher
12. This is a good method for carrying victims up and down stairs or through narrow
or uneven areas.
a. Lover’s Carry c. Hammock Carry
b. Chair Carry d. Firefighter Carry
13. This technique is for carrying a victim longer distances.
a. Lover’s Carry c. Hammock Carry
b. Chair Carry d. Firefighter Carry
14. Used to cover wounds, prevent contamination and control bleeding.
a. Dressing c. Splint
b. Bandage d. Stretcher
15. This is the preferred method for dragging a victim.
a. Blanket Pull c. Ankle Pull
b. Shoulder Pull d. Two-Handed seat

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X. Additional Activities

Activity 7: PRESENTATION OF OUTPUT FOR EVALUATION

In this activity, prepare yourself for the final evaluation. You are going to list down
the possible ways to prevent yourself from any form of disaster. Write your answer
inside the shield.

Shield of Protection

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References:

A. Books

Ledda-Fernandez, Susana, Citizenship Advancement Training (CAT) A Handbook,

Imprinta Agsalud, Ambrosio Street, Urdaneta City, Pangasinan, June 2009.

Physical Education and Health 9, Department of Education, First Edition 2014

School Safety Reference Manual, Department of Education, 2004

B. Websites/Online
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]

C. Rubrics

First Aid Scene

Poor Fair Good

1 Point 3 Points 5 Points
Scene Not clear scene set Scene is Scene is appropriate
up for first aid appropriate, but for needing first aid
situation wasn't described and has been
well. described so everyone
else understands
situation.
Rescuer Tell victim who you Tell victim what Tell victim who you
Introduction are and what you you plan to do, are, what you plan to
plan to do. and the first aid do, and the first aid
training you have training that you have
had. had.
Treatment Treatment was not Treatment is Treatment is
appropriate for appropriate for appropriate for victim's
victim's injuries. victim's injuries but injuries and does not
was not careful add injury when giving
when giving treatment.
treatment.

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 Key Answer:

Activity 3

1. C
2. A
3. E
4. B
5. D
6. G
7. F

Assessment:

1. A
2. D
3. C
4. B
5. D
6. B
7. D
8. A
9. B
10. A
11. B
12. B
13. D
14. A
15. A

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