Grammar Revision Study Guide
Present Tenses
Present Simple: She works every day. (habits, routines, facts)
Present Continuous: She is working now. (actions in progress, temporary)
Present Perfect Simple: I’ve visited Paris twice. (life experience, results now)
Present Perfect Continuous: I’ve been studying all day. (duration, activity in progress)
Past Tenses
Past Simple: He visited Rome last year. (finished actions in the past)
Past Continuous: He was visiting Rome when the accident happened. (background, interrupted
action)
Past Perfect Simple: She had left before I arrived.
Past Perfect Continuous: He had been waiting for hours before the train came.
Future Tenses
Future Simple (will): I will call you tomorrow.
Future Continuous: This time next week, I will be lying on the beach.
Future Perfect: By 2030, humans will have colonised Mars.
Future Perfect Continuous: By the end of the day, she will have been working for 10 hours.
Mixed Tenses in Narratives
When I entered (Past Simple), she was reading (Past Continuous). She had already eaten (Past
Perfect).
Conditionals & Wishes
Zero Conditional: If you heat water, it boils.
First Conditional: If it rains, I’ll stay home.
Second Conditional: If I had more time, I would travel.
Third Conditional: If I had studied, I would have passed.
Mixed Conditional: If I had studied harder, I would be more confident now.
Wish/If only: I wish I were taller. / If only he had arrived earlier.
Passive Voice
Active: They will finish the project tomorrow.
Passive: The project will be finished tomorrow.
Passive forms are possible in all tenses (e.g., The work will have been completed by next week).
Reported Speech
Direct: “I am tired.” → Reported: She said (that) she was tired.
Will → Would: “I will go.” → He said he would go.
Modals & Semi-Modals
Present Deduction: She must be tired / She might be tired / She can’t be tired.
Past Deduction: He must have forgotten / He might have forgotten / He can’t have forgotten.
Obligation/Necessity: have to, should, ought to, be supposed to.
Relative Clauses
The man who lives next door is a doctor.
Defining vs. Non-defining, omission of relative pronoun possible (The man I saw yesterday…).
Articles, Quantifiers, Gerunds/Infinitives
Articles: a/an, the, zero article.
Quantifiers: much, many, a few, little, some, any, plenty of.
Gerunds: I enjoy swimming.
Infinitives: I want to swim.
Both with change in meaning: I stopped smoking vs. I stopped to smoke.
Multiple-Choice Questions (20)
1. If I ____ more time, I would join a gym.
a) have b) had c) will have d) would have
2. This cake ____ by my grandmother yesterday.
a) made b) was made c) is made d) has made
3. She said she ____ me later.
a) calls b) will call c) would call d) called
4. I can’t find my keys. I ____ left them in the car.
a) must b) might c) must have d) can’t
5. If he ____ harder, he would have passed the test.
a) studies b) studied c) had studied d) would study
6. We ____ dinner when the phone rang.
a) have b) are having c) had d) were having
7. I wish I ____ taller.
a) am b) were c) was d) will be
8. The person ____ called you is waiting outside.
a) which b) who c) whom d) whose
9. I haven’t seen her ____ last summer.
a) for b) since c) during d) until
10. By this time tomorrow, we ____ our exams.
a) finish b) will finish c) will have finished d) are finishing
11. He is ____ intelligent to believe that lie.
a) enough b) too c) very d) so
12. She prefers ____ tea rather than coffee.
a) drinking b) drink c) to drink d) to drinking
13. This city is ____ than I expected.
a) more crowded b) most crowded c) crowded d) crowdedest
14. We went out ____ the rain.
a) despite b) although c) because d) in spite
15. She ____ to finish her work before she left.
a) had b) has c) have d) having
16. If only he ____ earlier, we wouldn’t have been late.
a) arrives b) arrived c) had arrived d) would arrive
17. I’d rather you ____ smoking inside.
a) stop b) stopped c) had stopped d) stopping
18. This is the place ____ we first met.
a) which b) where c) what d) that
19. He ____ to go to the meeting, but he didn’t.
a) was supposed b) supposed c) is supposed d) supposing
20. She asked me ____ I liked sushi.
a) do b) if c) that d) whether
Reading Comprehension
In recent years, remote work has shifted from being a temporary solution during global crises to a
permanent feature of many professional landscapes. Advocates argue that it increases productivity,
reduces commuting stress, and allows employees to achieve better work–life balance. On the other
hand, critics highlight that it can blur the line between personal and professional life, leading to
burnout and isolation. Furthermore, while large companies can easily provide digital infrastructure,
smaller businesses may struggle to compete in this new environment. The debate, therefore,
revolves around whether remote work is truly a long-term benefit for society, or whether it risks
deepening inequalities in the job market.
1. The main idea of the passage is:
a) Remote work reduces commuting stress.
b) Remote work has become a lasting change but has both pros and cons.
c) Small businesses cannot adapt to remote work.
d) Remote work always causes burnout.
2. Which of the following is mentioned as a benefit of remote work?
a) Lack of digital infrastructure.
b) Reduced commuting stress.
c) Deepening inequality.
d) Isolation.
3. The phrase “blur the line between personal and professional life” most likely means:
a) People can’t find jobs easily.
b) People work longer hours and struggle to separate home and work.
c) Companies don’t know how to train staff.
d) Jobs are becoming more competitive.
4. The tone of the passage can best be described as:
a) Strongly supportive of remote work.
b) Completely against remote work.
c) Neutral and balanced.
d) Casual and humorous.
5. Why might small businesses find remote work difficult to implement?
6. What possible negative consequence of remote work is mentioned apart from burnout?
7. Give one reason why remote work could be seen as a long-term social benefit.
8. What question does the writer leave open for debate?
Writing Task
Write an essay (150–180 words): Some people believe that technology makes our lives easier,
while others argue that it makes life more complicated. Discuss both views and give your own
opinion. Use at least: - 2 conditionals - 1 passive structure - 1 relative clause - Linking words
(however, although, therefore, etc.)