Grade 12 Applied Math Practical Guide
Introduction
In today's digitally-driven world, proficiency in technology is more essential than ever before.
As we embark on this journey together, we will explore the dynamic intersection of
mathematics and technology, with a particular focus on harnessing the power of Microsoft
Excel.
Excel has become a cornerstone tool in modern workplaces, revolutionizing the way we
analyze data, solve problems, and make decisions. Its versatility and functionality make it
indispensable across various industries, from finance and engineering to education and
healthcare. Therefore, mastering Excel is not only a valuable skill but also a gateway to
success in today's tech-savvy world.
Throughout this practical manual, you will learn to leverage Excel's capabilities to study and
visualize mathematical concepts, from basic arithmetic operations to statistical analysis.
Whether you're exploring algebraic equations or graphing functions, Excel provides a
user-friendly platform for experimentation, exploration, and discovery.
As you embark on this practical journey, we encourage you to approach each activity with
curiosity, creativity, and a willingness to explore new possibilities. Together, let's unlock the
potential of Excel as a powerful tool for mathematical inquiry, innovation, and insight.
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Table of Contents
Practical Page Number
Practical 1: Matrix Multiplication 3
Practical 2: Inverse of Matrix 7
Practical 3: Functions Graph 10
Practical 4: Demand and Supply 17
Practical 5: Stock Market Data Sheet on Excel 21
Practical 6: Data Analysis through Excel 24
Practical 7: Data Analysis through Pivot Table 29
Practical 8: Trend Analysis using the TREND Function in Excel 32
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Practical 1: Matrix Multiplication
Aim: To study Matrix Multiplication using the MMULT ( ) Function in Excel Spreadsheets.
Objective: In this practical, students will learn to visualize matrices on Excel spreadsheets, gaining
insights into their structure and properties. Through guided exercises, they will explore matrix
multiplication, understanding its significance in various applications such as data analysis,
engineering, and computer graphics.
Procedure & Demonstration:
In Microsoft Excel, the MMULT function is used for multiplying any two matrices. So let’s take two
matrices 3×3 matrix A and matrix B as shown below.
A= ;B=
1. Open a new spreadsheet and write the above matrix as shown below:
2. For the multiplication of two matrices A and B, the number of columns in the first matrix must
be equal to the number of rows in the second matrix. After selecting cell 3×3 and write
down the MMULT () function in the given cell. You can see in the below figure once you
write the MMULT function it asks for array 1 and array 2.
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So Array 1 is the first matrix and Array 2 is the second matrix. After opening the bracket of the
MMULT function select the cells of Matrix A (A2:C4), as well as Matrix B (G2:I4) separated with
comma as given.
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3. While calculating the result, key Combination Ctrl+Shift+Enter should be used and you will
get the desired output.
4. Do Not Press Enter Alone, Pressing enter alone will only show one value instead of a matrix.
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Exercise Questions:
Find the value of A×B using MMULT ( ) Function for the given value of Matrix A and B.
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Practical 2: Inverse of Matrix
Aim: To study the Inverse of a Matrix Multiplication using MINVERSE Function in Excel
Spreadsheets.
Objective: In this practical, students will focus on studying the inverse of matrix multiplication
using the MINVERSE function in Excel Spreadsheets. Through guided exploration, learners will
gain proficiency in applying MINVERSE to calculate the inverse of matrices, thereby understanding
its significance in solving systems of linear equations and other mathematical problems.
Procedure & Demonstration: Before going to matrix multiplication we need to know about the
basics of the matrix, what is the matrix? A matrix is an arrangement of numbers in rows and
columns.
1 0
For example, Matrix A has two rows and two columns ⎡⎢ ⎤
1⎥⎦
⎣ 0
1. For calculating the inverse of a given matrix, the MINVERSE function is used. First, create the
matrix A (3×3) given below. Enter the values in rows and columns.
2. Once you create the matrix, then write the MINVERSE in the highlighted cell in which where you
want to place the resulting matrix . For the array, select the Matrix A cells (B2:D4). As given below.
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3. While calculating the result, key Combination Ctrl+Shift+Enter should be used and you will get
the desired output.
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4. Do Not Press Enter Alone, Pressing enter alone will only show one value instead of a matrix.
Exercise Questions:
Q. Find the inverse of the given Matrices
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Practical 3: Functions Graph
Aim: To study plotting the Graphs of functions in Excel Spreadsheets.
Objective: In this practical, students will explore plotting graphs of quadratic and exponential
functions using Excel Spreadsheets. Through hands-on activities, learners will gain proficiency in
graphing functions, understanding their behaviour, and interpreting key features such as intercepts,
and slopes.
Procedure & Demonstration:
Quadratic Function: The quadratic function or polynomial of degree 2 is in the form of
f(x) = ax2 + bx + c where a, b, and c are real numbers. The graph of a quadratic function is a curve
called a parabola. It may open upward or downward and can vary in its “width” but they all have the
same basic “U” shape.
1. Open a new spreadsheet. Take different values of a, b and c for the given function
f(x) = ax2 + bx + c, Let’s take a = 1, b = 4 and c = 2. Put these values in the given function you will
get f(x) = x2 + 4x + 2. Put the values of a, b, and c in different cells of column B as shown below.
2. After assigning the values of a, b, and c, assign different values to x. Now substitute these
values in the function f(x) = ax2+bx+c based on each value of x assigned. Apply the formula in
the formula bar by selecting the cells and their associated values.
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3. After applying the formula, press enter and you will get the desired value of f(x) for value x = - 5
i.e 7.
4. Now if you want to use the auto-completion, we simply lock the cells containing the values of a, b,
and c as shown.
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5. After applying the auto-completion select the columns D and E with values and for plotting
the graph click on the INSERT tab and then click on charts and then select the scatter plot
and choose the scatter chart you can see the parabolic curve
Exponential Function:
An exponential function is a Mathematical function in the form f (x) = ax, where “x” is a variable
and “a” is a constant which is called the base of the function and it should be greater than 0.
In Excel, there is a built-in exponential function called as EXP function that returns a numeric value,
which is equal to e raised to the power of a given number.
The Syntax for the EXP function, =EXP( )
EXP function in Excel takes only one input, which is required; it is the exponent value raised to base
e. The number e is an irrational number, whose value is constant and is approximately equal to
2.7182. This is number is also known as Euler’s Number.
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1. Let’s take different values of x and apply the EXP function as given below. Apply the function
EXP(1) for value 1.
2. After applying function for value 1 and then press enter you will get the value i.e. 2.718282
approximately. Similarly, apply for different values and calculate the exponential values for different
values of x.
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3. After calculating the values plot the exponential function graph by clicking on the INSERT tab,
select the graph and choose the scatter chart. The graph would be automatically plotted. The graph
is shown
4. If you want to add Trend lines , right-click on the plotted graph line and select the Add Trend
Line option as shown below.
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5. After choosing the Trend Line, select the Exponential option in the list of Trend line options and
apply it . The final Exponential Function graph is be shown below.
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Exercise Questions:
(i) Plot the graph for the quadratic function: f(x) = 3x² + 4x + 2 = 0; f(x) = x² -x - 3 = 0.
(ii) Plot the graph for the exponential function f(x) = 0.5x ; f(x) = 2 + 3x
(iii) Add the trendline for the above-mentioned exponential graphs.
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Practical 4: Demand and Supply
Aim: To study demand and supply analysis using data visualisation features in Excel Spreadsheets.
Objective: In this practical, students will learn to visualise demand and supply curves, analyse
market equilibrium, and understand the impact of shifts in demand and supply on market outcomes.
This hands-on experience will enhance students' understanding of economic concepts and equip
them with valuable skills for data-driven decision-making in business and economics.
Procedure & Demonstration:
1. Open a new spreadsheet, add the data in the different columns as in the image shown below i.e.
price, quantity demanded and quantity supplied.
2. Select columns of price, quantity demanded, and quantity supplied and click on the Insert Tab,
choose line chart from chart group.
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3. After choosing a line chart, it will appear with the mentioned data values on the x-axis and y-axis
with different colours. By default, the price would be at x-axis.
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4. With the same data, you can also visualize the data by using a scatter plot. The scatter chart is
shown below. The supply and demand curve will intersect at a point which is your equilibrium point
and it is visible in both the charts.
Exercise Questions:
1. ABC School has ordered for stationary from planet stationery shop. However, they have sent
some things in excess. Plot a Demand - Supply Curve for the following data maintained by ABC
School.
Price Quantity Quantity
Demanded Supplied
8 52 65
7 62 62
9 89 90
11 23 30
5 25 40
15 10 15
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2. A local bakery, Sweet Delights, ordered a supply of flour from Flour Power Inc. However, the
delivery included an unexpected surplus. Create a Demand-Supply Curve based on the following
data recorded by Sweet Delights.
Price Quantity Quantity
Demanded Supplied
8 32 37
7 12 20
9 49 62
11 13 30
5 27 40
15 10 15
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Practical 5: Stock Market data sheet in Excel
Aim: To create a dynamic and interactive Stock Market Data Sheet in Microsoft Excel 365.
Objective: In this practical, students will learn to develop an Excel 365 Stock Market Data Sheet
that fetches real-world stock data, enabling easy analysis. The sheet will also help to feature dynamic
visuals and an intuitive design to support quick, informed investment decisions.
Procedure & Demonstration:
1. Open your browser and search for Microsoft 365 Excel, Click on the First Link that appears.
(or click here). This will take you to the interface shown below:
Go to Sign up for free and enter your Email ID to sign up. Once you’re signed up, the worksheet
that you will be working on will look like this:
Go to the left top corner and rename the sheet as Stock Market Data.
2. Create a column name it Stocks and add the stock names as shown:
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Now, select the stocks, go to the Data option on the Ribbon and trace the path to “Convert Data
Type” as shown and select the option “Stocks”.
3. Once done your Excel worksheet will look like this:
In case you enter different companies which automatically don’t fetch the stock then you may have
to use the data selector to choose your stock options such as Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE);
National Stock Exchange (NSE): New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), etc. For this click on the icon
and you will get the options on the Right Hand Side, choose your stock.
Once you use the data selector to select the relevant stocks the icon will be changed to
icon.
Check the illustration shown:
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(Selected stock is NSE.)
4. Now, Select your data and click on the symbol appearing on the right top of the data:
Once you click on that option, you will get to see a lot of different information or fields associated
with that particular stock. Choose one field and it will be added to the right of your current data set.
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Eg: If I select an industry it will give me information about the industry the stock is related to.
Now, If I select the Price, it will give me information about its current price.
Click the Insert Data button again to add more fields. If you’re using a table, here’s a tip:
Type a field name in the header row. For example, type Change in the header row for stocks, and the
change in the price column will appear. Collect Data on price, inflation, etc. Analyse the Data and
make meaningful Inferences.
Exercise Questions:
Fetch the data for at least 4 different stocks using a minimum of 3 different options from .
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Practical 6: Stock Market Data Analysis in Excel
Aim: To collect real-time stock data, analyze it, and derive meaningful insights to understand market
trends and investment opportunities.
Objective: In this unit, students will learn to gather real-time stock data using Excel 365, analyze
trends through data visualization and statistical tools, and make meaningful inferences about market
performance. They will develop skills in identifying patterns to support informed investment
decisions.
Data Analysis: Data Analysis is defined by the statistician John Tukey in 1961 as “Procedures for
analysing data, techniques for interpreting the results of such procedures, ways of planning the
gathering of data to make its analysis easier, more precise or more accurate, and all the machinery
and results of (mathematical) statistics which apply to analysing data.” Excel provides different
functions, commands, and tools for making data analysis easy.
Here are the different Data Analysis Phases:
Procedure & Demonstration:
1. Open a new Microsoft 365 Excel worksheet on your browser and copy the same steps of Adding
Stocks for the companies from Practical 5. This will cover our phases of Data Requirement
Specifications and Data Collection.
2. Now go to the and generate data on Industry, Price, 52 Week High and 52 Week Low.
(Note: The 52-week high/low is the highest and lowest price at which a security has traded during
the time period that equates to one year and is viewed as a technical indicator. The 52-week
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high/low is based on the daily closing price for the security.)
This will cover the phase of Data Processing.
3. Now Data cleaning is nothing but, the process of fixing or removing incorrect, corrupted,
incorrectly formatted, duplicate, or incomplete data within a dataset. Put your data into proper
boxes.
4. Now to move to our next phase i.e., Data Analysis, we shall represent our data visually in the form
of a graph or a chart.
Here we will generate a Bar Graph comparing Stocks and their Prices. So select these two columns,
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go to Insert and select a suitable graph. Here is the line graph.
5. From this representation of data we can easily see the patterns, and draw inferences and
conclusions about the market-surveyed data.
Exercise Questions:
Q. Represent Data for Stocks against its 52 Week High Value and 52 Week Low Value separately and
draw meaningful conclusions/inferences.
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Practical 7: Data Analysis using Pivot Table
Aim: To analyse data using Pivot Tables in Excel and draw inferences.
Objective: In this unit, students will learn to import external data, create Pivot Tables, and utilize
them to identify patterns and generate insights for data-driven decisions. This will help them to
understand how to use Pivot Tables in Excel for summarizing, analyzing, and generating insights
from large data sets.
Procedure & Demonstration:
1. Open a new spreadsheet in your regular Excel/Google Sheets, and add the data in the different
columns as in the image shown below:
2. Select the imported dataset and go to the Insert tab. Click on Pivot Table. Excel will ask where to
place the Pivot Table; choose Existing Worksheet and add the cell location where you want your
table. Now, you have a Pivot Table field list to drag fields into different areas.
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3. Drag "Product" to the Rows area. This will list each product as a row.
Drag "Region" to the Columns area, which will create columns for each region.
Drag "Sales ($)" to the Values area to display the total sales per product for each region.
Now, your Pivot Table should display sales data summarized by Product and Region.
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4. This is how you can Analyze Data with Pivot Table.
You can change the Value Settings: Click on any value field, choose Value Field Settings, and select
options like Sum, Average, Count, etc., to explore different types of data analysis.
You can even add filters: Drag the Salesperson field to the Filters area to filter results by individual
salespeople.
You can add multiple values: You can also add Quantity Sold to the Values area to compare total
quantity and sales across regions and products.
5. Using the Pivot Table, you can gain insights about the questions like:
- Which product generated the most sales in each region?
- Who was the highest-performing salesperson?
- What is the average sales per region for a specific product?
6. Conclusion:
Q. Which product generated the most sales in each region?
East: Widget C
North: Widget C
South: Widget A
West: Widget B
Q. Who was the highest-performing salesperson?
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The highest-performing salesperson was John Doe.
Q. What is the average sales per region for each product?
Exercise Questions:
Do the Data Analysis for Employee Performance Data in a company using Pivot Tables. Consider
the data given below:
Answer the following questions based on that:
1. Which department has the highest average performance score?
2. Who completed the most projects overall?
3. What is the average client satisfaction rating by department?
4. Which employee worked the most hours on average?
5. How does the number of projects completed relate to the performance score across departments?
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Practical 8: Trend Analysis using the TREND Function in Excel
Aim: To collect and analyze sequential data on traffic, sports, and market trends from newspapers
and use Excel's TREND function to forecast future trends.
Objective: In this unit, students will learn to import time-series data into Excel, apply the TREND
function for forecasting, and interpret trend analysis to make data-driven predictions about traffic
patterns, sports activities, and market trends.
Procedure & Demonstration:
1. Open a new spreadsheet in your regular Excel/Google Sheets, and add the data in the different
columns as in the image shown below:
(It is the data on sports scores or player statistics over a weekly time period.)
2. Create Another Column for Trend and use the Trend Function as shown below:
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3. Use a Line Chart to plot actual vs. forecasted scores. Review the trendline to understand the
performance trajectory, helping predict future game outcomes or identify improvements.
Follow the path: Insert tab > Charts group > Line or Area Chart
Exercise Questions:
Gather information on weather trends for a sequential period (e.g., daily or weekly data for the past
3-6 months) from newspapers or online resources and analyse the trend.
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