Before going over this module, the learner must answer the PRE-TEST in order
for the oteacher to assess Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) and pin point
specific topics that need emphasis during the discussion.
PRE-TEST
Directions Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. Organisms that have transferred DNA from a different species are called
A. genetically modified organisms C. both a and b
B. transgenic organisms D. none of a and b
2. It is a process in which animals with desired characteristics are mated to produce
offspring with the desired traits.
A. cloning C. inbreeding
B. hybridization D. selective breeding
3. It is a process of creating an organism that has an exact genetic copy of another.
A. artificial selection C. gene splicing
B. cloning D. selective breeding
4. A technique in artificial selection that involves the propagation of organisms with
desired traits.
A. cloning C. inbreeding
B. hybridization D. selective breeding
5. It is a process where a DNA is cut out from one organism and put into another
organism.
A. cloning C. gene splicing
B. gel electrophoresis D. selective breeding
6. A technology used in genetic engineering where DNA molecules from two different
species are combined.
A. DNA Recombinant technology C. both a and b
B. Recombinant DNA technology D. none of a and b
7. This refers to the DNA molecule that can replicate independently.
A. bacteriophage C. plasmid
B. enzymes D. vector
8. It is a tool that helps in carrying and integrating the desired gene.
A. bacteriophage C. plasmid
B. enzymes D. vector
9. It is produced when two different nucleotides are fused as one.
A. DNA C. restricted DNA
B. recombinant DNA D. vector DNA
10. All are tools in recombinant DNA technology except
A. enzymes C. restriction enzymes
B. host organisms D. vectors
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UNIT 2: LIFE SCIENCE
Chapter 3: Genetic Engineering
Learning Targets:
At the end of the lesson, the student
should be able to:
describe the process of genetic
engineering; and
explain how the information in the
DNA allows the transfer of genetic
information and synthesis of
proteins.
Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of an organism’s
genes using biotechnology. It covers different kinds of technologies
used to alter the genomes that includes the insertion of genes from
other individual either the same or from different species that aims to
produce or improve products.
Genetic engineering is the modification of an organism’s DNA by artificial means
to give the organism new traits. The resulting organism, such as the glowing Turkish
Angora cat, is called a transgenic or genetically modified organism (GMO).
Recombinant DNA Technology
Genetic engineering is not the same as cross-breeding, where genes are exchanged
between closely related species, as in cross-breeding a liger (hybrid of a male lion and
female tiger) or a tigon (hybrid of a male tiger and female lion). In genetic engineering,
genes from an entirely different species other than the parent or any closely related
species are introduced to a cell.
The principle of genetic engineering is based on recombinant DNA technology.
Recombinant DNA is the DNA that contains genes from more than one organism. In
genetic engineering, bacteria are commonly used because they have tiny rings of DNA
called plasmids.
The process of recombinant DNA technology follows:
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1. An isolated gene from a gene donor (e.g., the insulin gene) and a bacterial plasmid
from a plasmid donor are cut by a restriction enzyme.
2. Certain enzymes can "paste" or "install" the desired genes into the plasmid or other
organisms.
3. The DNA can be reinserted and can contain the recombinant DNA, which will produce
the polypeptide it codes for.
4. After a gene is inserted into a plasmid, the genetically engineered plasmid can be put
into a bacterium.
5. The bacteria will act like a gene factory that makes copies of the plasmid-making new
gene and the gene's product.
6. The resulting organism (bacteria) is called a transgenic organism. Organisms that have
altered genomes are known as transgenic. Most transgenic organisms are generated in
the laboratory for research purposes.
Benefits and Risks of GMO
In general, the end goal of genetic engineering is to create an improved variety of
organisms—those that have desirable traits. Advances in genetic engineering
demonstrate its potential benefits to both organisms and humans.
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Benefits of GMO Risks of GMO
Plants have become much more resistant Beneficial insects, such as bees and
to pests can eliminate the use of butterflies, that help in pollination may be
potentially hazardous pesticides. at risk of becoming “unintended targets”
of GM plants.
GMOs can yield higher crop yields and Introduced genes may cause the GMOs to
more nutritious food that also has better become invasive or toxic to wildlife.
flavor and longer shelf life.
GMO crops can be grown even in harsh Since all organisms in a transgenic
environments, like the GM flood-tolerant population have the same genome, a
rice, which can save the farmer’s decrease in diversity could leave the
livelihood. crops vulnerable to new diseases.
GMOs can be a cheap source of medicine.
For example, transgenic tobaccos with
Hepatitis B virus surface antigens can
induce immune responses to the disease.
ACTIVITY 1
Directions: Voice out your perceptions on the following statements about the current
technology in genetic engineering. Discuss whether you agree or not. Your answer must
have an in-depth analysis of the statement with clear expression and no grammatical
errors. Write your answers in your journal notebook. Choose two from the three
techniques.
1. Monkeys have been Cloned, Paving the Way for Human Cloning
2. Bacteria as Living Microrobots to Fight Cancer
3. Two genetic regions (variants in both ABO blood group locus and cluster of genes in
chromosome
3) Linked with Severe COVID-19
RUBRICS Above Meets Below
Expectation (15) Expectation (10) expectation (5)
ANALYSIS The response The response Response do not
provided an in- provided an in- provide an in-depth
depth analysis of depth analysis of analysis of the
the question given. the question given. question given.
Show an Shows little Show an
understanding of understanding of understanding of
the lesson. the lesson. the lesson.
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Examples were Examples were Examples were not
given to explain the given to explain the given to explain the
concept. concept. concept.
CLARITY The thoughts were The thoughts were The thoughts were
clearly expressed, slightly expressed, unexpressed, and
and the and the there is no
organization of the organization of the organization of the
words was words was words in the
exemplified. exemplified. sentence.
WRITING SKILL Clear writing, Clear writing with Unclear writing,
complete errors in grammar complete sentence,
sentences, no and spelling. all errors in
errors in grammar grammar and
and spelling. spelling.
ACTIVITY 2
A. Directions: Conduct a short interview with one or two of your family members. Ask
them about how they think of the positive and negative effects of genetic engineering.
List all their responses. Below is the rubric that will guide you on what to do in the
activity. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
QUESTIONS RESPONSES
B. Make a list of pros and cons of genetic engineering by summarizing the interview
done. Below is the rubric that will guide you on what to do in the activity. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
PROS CONS
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RUBRICS
0 - The student has not reached a standard described by any descriptors given below.
1 - The student demonstrates minimal communication and collaboration in providing
information, literacy, thinking, and reflection.
2 - The student demonstrates communication and collaboration in providing information,
literacy, thinking, and reflection.
3 - The student demonstrates satisfactory communication and collaboration in providing
information, literacy, thinking, and reflection.
4 - The student demonstrates well-developed communication and collaboration in
providing information, literacy, thinking, and reflection.
POST-TEST
Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Encircle your answer.
1. It is the process of manipulating genes to have the desired trait.
A. artificial selection C. genetic engineering
B. cloning D. gene splicing
2. It is the process of breeding an organism that are genetically similar to maintain
desired traits. It keeps each breed unique from others.
A. artificial selection C. inbreeding
B. cloning D. selective breeding
3. It is a technique where the DNA is cut out of one organism and put into another
organism. A trait will be transferred from one organism to another.
A. artificial selection C. gene splicing
B. cloning D. gel electrophoresis
4. It is a technique of creating an organism that is an exact genetic copy of the other
organism.
A. artificial selection C. gene splicing
B. cloning D. gel electrophoresis
5. An applied science of manipulating the genetic material of an organism through
artificial selection and biomedical techniques
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A. artificial selection C. genetic engineering
B. cloning D. selective breeding
6. It is referred to the joining of almost any nucleotide sequences to create a new gene
product or to introduce a new gene sequence.
A. DNA Recombinant technology C. both a and b
B. Recombinant DNA technology D. none of a and b
7. It is produced chiefly by certain bacteria and has the property of cleaving DNA
molecules at or near a specific sequence of bases.
A. bacteriophage enzymes C. restriction enzymes
B. plasmid enzymes D. vector enzymes
8. Most common vector used in genetic engineering techniques
A. bacteriophage and plasmid C. plasmid and DNA
B. enzymes and plasmid D. restriction enzymes and DNA
9. All of these are performed to produce recombinant DNA except
A. Removal of the genetic sequences of an organism.
B. Selection of the perfect vector with which the gene has to be integrated
C. Insertion of the genetic sequences into other sequences of another organism
D. Selection of the perfect enzymes with which the gene has to be integrated
10. All of these are tools in recombinant DNA technology except
A. enzymes C. restriction enzymes
B. host organisms D. vectors
11. These are ancient practices of genetic engineering except
A. hybridization C. recombinant technology
B. inbreeding D. selective breeding
12. Two individuals with unlike characteristics are crossed to produce the best in both
organisms.
A. artificial selection C. genetic engineering
B. cloning D. hybridization
13. This is the most commonly used host organism in recombinant DNA technology.
A. bacteria C. plasmid
B. cells D. vectors
For numbers 14-15, refer to the following choices below.
A. Statement I is correct
B. Statement II is correct.
C. Statement I and II are both correct.
D. Statement I and II are both incorrect.
14.
I - Since ancient times, the practice of genetic engineering had begun.
II - Artificial selection is done to directly manipulate genes focusing on the physical traits
among organisms.
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15.
I – Enzymes help in recombinant DNA technology by carrying and integrating the desired
gene.
II - Host organisms are used to propagate the recombinant DNA.
ANSWER KEY:
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Pre-test Activity 1: Activity 2: Post-test:
1. C Answers may vary Answers may vary 1. A
2. D 2. C
3. B 3. C
4. D 4. B
5. C 5. C
6. B 6. B
7. C 7. C
8. D 8. A
9. B 9. D
10. C 10. C
11. C
12. D
13. A
14. A
15. B
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