SHEAR ANALYSIS

(EXAMPLES) CE 337
2025

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EXAMPLE (BEAM)
Design a rectangular reinforced beam, located inside a building in a coastal town. It is simply supported on
two masonry walls 230 mm thick and 6 m apart (centre-to-centre). The beam has to carry in addition to its
own weight, a distributed live load of 10kN/m and a dead load of 5kN/m. Web reinforcement of 8 mm
plain (FE 250) bar U-stirrups are provided at a uniform spacing of 200 mm. Check the adequacy of the
section.

973
3 × 20𝜙

1 × 20𝜙 bar
is terminated

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EXAMPLE (BEAM)
Determine the factored loads on the beam

𝑤𝑠𝑤 = 25kN/m3× b? × D? (load due to the self-weight)

Beam:
Assume trial section: b=250 mm, D=600 mm b: 250 mm, 300 mm, 350 mm,…,
𝑤𝑠𝑤 = 25kN/m3× 0.25 × 0.6 = 3.75 kN/m multiples of 50.

𝑤𝐷𝐿 = 3.75 + 5 = 8.75 kN/m (total dead load) D/b ratio: 1.5-2 (maybe higher up to
4 for beams carrying very heavy
𝑤𝐿𝐿 = 10.0 kN/m (given live load) loads)
Factored dead load (Table 18):
𝑤𝑢,𝐷𝐿 = 1.5𝑤𝐷𝐿 = 15 × 8.75 = 13.1 kN/m
Factored live load (Table 18):
𝑤𝑢,𝐿𝐿 = 1.5𝑤𝐿𝐿 = 1.5 × 10 = 15 kN/m

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EXAMPLE (BEAM)
Determine the maximum shear force at the support
𝑤𝑢,𝐷𝐿 𝐿 𝑤𝑢,𝐿𝐿 𝐿
𝑉𝑢,𝑒𝑛𝑑 = + Cl. 22.2
2 2
𝑑

𝑑 =? 𝐷 = 600 Clear span (𝑙𝑐𝑙 )

Center-to-center of supports (𝑙𝑐𝑐 )

𝑏𝑠
Simply supported beam or slab:
𝑏𝑠 = 230 mm 𝑙 = min(𝑙𝑐𝑙 + 𝑑, 𝑙𝑐𝑐 )

Minimum nominal cover = 30 mm (Cl. 26.4.2, Cl. 6.1.2)

Assuming bottom to centre to
Exposure conditions Minimum grade Nominal cover (mm)
reinforcement = 50 mm
Mild M 20 20
𝑑 = 600 − 50 = 550 mm Moderate M 25 30
Severe M 30 45

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EXAMPLE (BEAM)
Determine the maximum shear force at the support
𝑤𝑢,𝐷𝐿 𝐿 𝑤𝑢,𝐿𝐿 𝐿
𝑉𝑢,𝑒𝑛𝑑 = + Cl. 22.2
2 2
𝑑

𝑑 = 550 𝐷 = 600 Clear span (𝑙𝑐𝑙 )

Center-to-center of supports (𝑙𝑐𝑐 )

𝑏𝑠
𝑏 = 250 Simply supported beam or slab:
𝑏𝑠 = 230 mm (given) 𝑙 = min(𝑙𝑐𝑙 + 𝑑, 𝑙𝑐𝑐 )

𝑙𝑐𝑐 = 6000 mm (given)

𝑙𝑐𝑙 = 𝑙𝑐𝑐 − 𝑏𝑠 = 6000 − 230 = 5770 mm
𝑙 = min 𝑙𝑐𝑙 + 𝑑, 𝑙𝑐𝑐 = min 5770 + 550,6000 = min 6320,6000
𝑙 = 6000 mm

𝑉𝑢 = 13.1 × 6/2 + 15 × 6/2 = 84.3 kN

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EXAMPLE (BEAM)
Determine the shear force envelope
𝑤𝑢,𝐿𝐿
𝑤𝑢,𝐷𝐿 𝑤𝑢,𝐷𝐿 𝐿 𝑤𝑢,𝐿𝐿 𝐿
𝑉𝑢,𝑒𝑛𝑑 = + = 84.3 kN
2 2

Loading used to get the max shear at support

𝑤𝑢,𝐿𝐿 𝑤𝑢,𝐿𝐿 𝐿
𝑤𝑢,𝐷𝐿 𝑉𝑢,𝑚𝑖𝑑 = 𝑤𝑢,𝐷𝐿 × 0 +
8
15 × 6
𝑉𝑢,𝑚𝑖𝑑 = 13.1 × 0 + = 11.25 kN
8
Loading used to get the max shear at midspan

Shear force envelope to get the

84.3 maximum shear force at any section
11.25 along the length of the beam.

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EXAMPLE (BEAM)
Determine the critical section

Shear force envelope to get the

84.3 maximum shear force at any section
11.25 along the length of the beam.

250 2 × 12𝜙
Cl. [Link]
The location of the critical section: 450
399 𝜙𝑠 = 8 @ 200c/c
𝑥𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡

3 × 20𝜙
𝑑 = 399
𝑏𝑠 230
𝑥𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡 = +𝑑 = + 399 = 514 mm
2 2
84.3 − 11.25
𝑉𝑢,𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡 = 11.25 + × 3000 − 514 = 71.8 kN
3000 − 0

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EXAMPLE (BEAM)
Check for adequacy of section
𝑥𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡 250 2 × 12𝜙

450
𝑑 = 399 399 𝜙𝑠 = 8 @ 200c/c
𝑉𝑢,𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡 = 71.8 kN

Nominal shear stress: 2 × 20𝜙

𝑉𝑢,𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡 The number of bars changed from 3 to 2,
𝜏𝑣 =
𝑏𝑑 because the third bar was terminated at a
71.8 × 103 distance of 973 mm from the support.
𝜏𝑣 = = 0.72 MPa
250 × 399

Max allowable nominal stress: (Cl. 40.2.3, Table 20)

𝜏𝑐,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3.1 MPa > 𝜏𝑣 = 0.72 MPa Hence, the size of the section is adequate.

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EXAMPLE (BEAM)
Check for adequate shear capacity at the critical section
𝑥𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡 250 2 × 12𝜙

450
𝑑 = 399 399 𝜙𝑠 = 8 @ 200c/c
𝑉𝑢,𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡 = 71.8 kN

2 × 20𝜙
Cl. 40.2.1 (Table 19)
Design shear strength of concrete:
202
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 2 × 𝜋 × = 628 mm2
4
𝐴𝑠𝑡 628
𝑝𝑡 = × 100 = × 100 = 0.63
𝑏𝑑 250 × 399

𝜏𝑐 = 0.536 MPa

𝑉𝑢𝑐 = 𝜏𝑐 𝑏𝑑
𝑉𝑢𝑐 = 0.536 × 250 × 399 = 53.47 kN

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EXAMPLE (BEAM)
Check for adequate shear capacity at the critical section
𝑥𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡 250 2 × 12𝜙

450
𝑑 = 399 399 𝜙𝑠 = 8 @ 200c/c
𝑉𝑢,𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡 = 71.8 kN
𝑉𝑢𝑐 = 53.47 kN
2 × 20𝜙
Cl. [Link]
Design strength from stirrups:
𝑉𝑢𝑠 = 0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑣 𝑑/𝑠𝑣
82
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 2 × 𝜋 × = 100.6 mm2
4
𝑉𝑢𝑠 = 0.87 × 250 × 100.6 × 399/200
𝑉𝑢𝑠 = 43.65 kN
𝑉𝑢𝑅 = 𝑉𝑢𝑐 + 𝑉𝑢𝑠 = 53.47 + 43.65
𝑉𝑢𝑅 = 97.12 kN > 𝑉𝑢,𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡 = 71.8 kN (Hence, safe.)

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EXAMPLE (BEAM)
Check for minimum shear requirements
Cl. [Link] 250 2 × 12𝜙
2.175𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑣
𝑠𝑣,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 450
𝑏
399 𝜙𝑠 = 8 @ 200c/c
2.175 × 250 × 100.6
𝑠𝑣,𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
250
𝑠𝑣,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 219 mm > 𝑠𝑣 = 200 mm (Hence, ok.) 2 × 20𝜙

Cl. [Link]
𝑠𝑣,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = min(0.75𝑑, 300 mm)

𝑠𝑣,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = min 0.75 × 399,300 = min(299,300)

𝑠𝑣,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 299 mm > 𝑠𝑣 = 200 mm (Hence, ok.)

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EXAMPLE (BEAM)
Check for shear strength at the bar cut-off point
250 2 × 12𝜙

450
399 𝜙𝑠 = 8 @ 200c/c

973
3 × 20𝜙 2 × 20𝜙
1 × 20𝜙 bar
is terminated

Cl. [Link] 84.3

84.3 − 11.25
𝑉𝑢,𝑐𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑓𝑓 = 11.25 + × 3000 − 973 = 60.61 kN 11.25
3000 − 0
Shear resistance at the resistance
𝑉𝑢𝑅 = 97.12 kN
2 2 According to Cl. [Link](a), no more additional checks
× 𝑉𝑢𝑅 = × 97.12 = 64.75 kN > 60.61 kN.
3 3 are required.

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 EXAMPLE (SLAB)
Design a one-way slab, with a clear span of 4.0 m, simply supported on 230 mm thick masonry walls. It is
subjected to a live load of 4 kN/m2 and a surface finish of 1kN/m2. The slab is exposed to weather
conditions but sheltered from severe rain. Assume FE 500 steel.

𝑠 = 300
𝜙 = 10

𝑑 = 165 𝐷 = 200 200 165 𝜙𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡 = 8

𝜙 = 10 𝑠𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡 = 200
𝑠 = 150

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EXAMPLE (SLAB)
Determine the factored loads on the beam
𝑠 = 300
𝜙 = 10

𝑑 = 165 𝐷 = 200
𝑤𝑢,𝐷𝐿 𝐿 𝑤𝑢,𝐿𝐿 𝐿
𝑉𝑢,𝑒𝑛𝑑 = +
2 2
𝑤𝑠𝑤 = 25kN/m3× 1 × 0.2 = 5 kN/m 𝑠 = 150
𝜙 = 10
𝑤𝐷𝐿 = 5 + 1 = 6 kN/m (total dead load)
𝑤𝐿𝐿 = 4.0 × 1 = 4 kN/m (given live load)

Factored load (Table 18):

𝑤𝑢 = 1.5(𝑤𝐷𝐿 + 𝑤𝐷𝐿 ) = 1.5 × 10 = 15 kN/m

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EXAMPLE (SLAB)
Determine the maximum shear force at the support
𝑤𝑢,𝐷𝐿 𝐿 𝑤𝑢,𝐿𝐿 𝐿
𝑉𝑢,𝑒𝑛𝑑 = + Cl. 22.2
2 2
𝑑

𝑑 = 160 𝐷 = 200 Clear span (𝑙𝑐𝑙 )

Center-to-center of supports (𝑙𝑐𝑐 )

𝑏𝑠
𝑏 = 1000 Simply supported beam or slab:
𝑏𝑠 = 230 mm 𝑙 = min(𝑙𝑐𝑙 + 𝑑, 𝑙𝑐𝑐 )

𝑙𝑐𝑙 = 4000 mm (given)

𝑙𝑐𝑐 = 𝑙𝑐𝑙 + 𝑏𝑠 = 4000 + 230 = 4230 mm
𝑙 = min 𝑙𝑐𝑙 + 𝑑, 𝑙𝑐𝑐 = min 4000 + 165,4230 = min 4165,4230
𝑙 = 4165 mm

𝑉𝑢,𝑒𝑛𝑑 = 15.0 × 4.165/2 = 31.24 kNm

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EXAMPLE (SLAB)
Check for adequacy of section
𝑥𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡
𝑠 = 300
𝜙 = 10

𝑑 = 399
𝑑 = 165 𝐷 = 200
𝑉𝑢,𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡 = 31.24 kN

Nominal shear stress:

𝜙 = 10
𝑉𝑢,𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡 𝑠 = 150
𝜏𝑣 =
𝑏𝑑
31.24 × 103
𝜏𝑣 = = 0.189 MPa
1000 × 165

Max allowable nominal stress: (Cl. 40.2.3, Table 20)

𝜏𝑐,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3.1 MPa > 𝜏𝑣 = 0.189 MPa Hence, the size of the section is adequate.

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EXAMPLE (SLAB)
Check for adequate shear capacity at the critical section
𝜏𝑣 = 0.189 MPa 𝑠 = 300
𝜙 = 10
Cl. 40.2.1 (Table 19)
Design shear strength of concrete: 𝑑 = 165 𝐷 = 200
102 1000
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 𝜋 × × = 262 mm2
4 300
𝐴𝑠𝑡 262 𝜙 = 10
𝑝𝑡 = × 100 = × 100 = 0.16 𝑠 = 150
𝑏𝑑 1000 × 165

𝜏𝑐 = 0.3 MPa

Cl. [Link]
𝜏𝑐,𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 𝑘𝜏𝑐
𝑘 = 1.6 − 0.002𝐷 = 1.2
𝜏𝑐,𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 1.2 × 0.3
𝜏𝑐,𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 0.36 MPa > 0.189 MPa (Hence, safe.)

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