SHEAR DESIGN
(EXAMPLES) CE 337
2025
1
EXAMPLE (BEAM)
A rectangular reinforced beam, located inside a building in a coastal town. It is simply supported on two
masonry walls 230 mm thick and 6 m apart (centre-to-centre). The beam has to carry in addition to its own
weight, a distributed live load of 10kN/m and a dead load of 5kN/m. In addition to this, a concentrated
dead load of 30 kN is placed at the midspan. Assume FE 415 steel grade to design for shear reinforcement.
250 3 × 20𝜙
48
348 400
𝜙𝑠 =?
860
3 × 25𝜙
3 × 25𝜙
1 × 20𝜙 bar 49.5
is terminated
2
EXAMPLE (BEAM)
Determine the factored loads on the beam
𝑤𝑢,𝐷𝐿 𝐿 𝑤𝑢,𝐿𝐿 𝐿 𝑃𝑢 250 3 × 20𝜙
𝑉𝑢,𝑒𝑛𝑑 = + +
2 2 2 48
Max cross section: b=250 mm, D=400 mm
𝑤𝑠𝑤 = 25kN/m3× 0.25 × 0.4 = 2.5 kN/m 348 400
𝑤𝐷𝐿 = 2.5 + 5 = 7.5 kN/m (total dead load) 𝜙𝑠 =?
𝑤𝐿𝐿 = 10.0 kN/m (given live load) 3 × 25𝜙
Factored dead load (Table 18): 49.5
𝑤𝑢,𝐷𝐿 = 1.5𝑤𝐷𝐿 = 15 × 7.5 = 11.25 kN/m
Factored live load (Table 18):
𝑤𝑢,𝐿𝐿 = 1.5𝑤𝐿𝐿 = 1.5 × 10 = 15 kN/m
Factored point load (Table 18):
𝑃𝑢 = 1.5(𝑃) = 1.5 × 30 = 45 kN
3
EXAMPLE
Determine the maximum shear force at the support
𝑤𝑢,𝐷𝐿 𝐿 𝑤𝑢,𝐿𝐿 𝐿 𝑃𝑢
𝑉𝑢,𝑒𝑛𝑑 = + + Cl. 22.2
2 2 2
𝑑
𝑑 = 348 𝐷 = 400 Clear span (𝑙𝑐𝑙 )
Center-to-center of supports (𝑙𝑐𝑐 )
𝑏𝑠
𝑏 = 250 Simply supported beam or slab:
𝑏𝑠 = 230 mm (given) 𝑙 = min(𝑙𝑐𝑙 + 𝑑, 𝑙𝑐𝑐 )
𝑙𝑐𝑐 = 6000 mm (given)
𝑙𝑐𝑙 = 𝑙𝑐𝑐 − 𝑏𝑠 = 6000 − 230 = 5770 mm
𝑙 = min 𝑙𝑐𝑙 + 𝑑, 𝑙𝑐𝑐 = min 5770 + 348,6000 = min 6118,6000
𝑙 = 6000 mm
𝑉𝑢 = 11.25 × 6/2 + 15 × 6/2 + 45/2 = 101.25 kN
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EXAMPLE (BEAM)
Determine the shear force envelope
𝑤𝑢,𝐿𝐿
𝑤𝑢,𝐷𝐿 𝑤𝑢,𝐷𝐿 𝐿 𝑤𝑢,𝐿𝐿 𝐿 𝑃𝑢
𝑉𝑢,𝑒𝑛𝑑 = + + = 101.25 kN
2 2 2
Loading used to get the max shear at support
𝑤𝑢,𝐿𝐿 𝑤𝑢,𝐿𝐿 𝐿 𝑃𝑢
𝑤𝑢,𝐷𝐿 𝑉𝑢,𝑚𝑖𝑑 = 𝑤𝑢,𝐷𝐿 × 0 + +
8 2
15 × 6 45
𝑉𝑢,𝑚𝑖𝑑 = 11.25 × 0 + +
8 2
Loading used to get the max shear at midspan 𝑉𝑢,𝑚𝑖𝑑 = 33.75 kN
Shear force envelope to get the
101.25 maximum shear force at any section
33.75 along the length of the beam.
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EXAMPLE (BEAM)
Determine the critical section
Shear force envelope to get the
101.25 maximum shear force at any section
33.75 along the length of the beam.
250 3 × 20𝜙
Cl. [Link] 48
The location of the critical section:
𝑥𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡 348 400
𝜙𝑠 =?
𝑑 = 348 3 × 25𝜙
49.5
𝑏𝑠 230
𝑥𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡 = +𝑑 = + 348 = 463 mm
2 2
101.25 − 33.75
𝑉𝑢,𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡 = 33.75 + × 3000 − 463 = 90.8 kN
3000 − 0
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EXAMPLE (BEAM)
Check for adequacy of section
𝑥𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡 250 2 × 20𝜙
48
348 400
𝑑 = 348
𝜙𝑠 =?
𝑉𝑢,𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡 = 90.8 kN
2 × 25𝜙
Nominal shear stress:
𝑉𝑢,𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡 The number of bars changed from 3 to 2,
𝜏𝑣 =
𝑏𝑑 because the third bar was terminated at a
90.8 × 103 distance of 860 mm from the support.
𝜏𝑣 = = 1.04 MPa
250 × 348
Max allowable nominal stress: (Cl. 40.2.3, Table 20)
𝜏𝑐,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3.1 MPa > 𝜏𝑣 = 1.04 MPa Hence, the size of the section is adequate.
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EXAMPLE (BEAM)
Check for adequate shear capacity at the critical section
𝑥𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡 250 2 × 20𝜙
48
348 400
𝑑 = 348
𝜙𝑠 =?
𝑉𝑢,𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡 = 90.8 kN
2 × 25𝜙
Cl. 40.2.1 (Table 19)
Design shear strength of concrete:
252
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 2 × 𝜋 × = 982 mm2
4
𝐴𝑠𝑡 982
𝑝𝑡 = × 100 = × 100 = 1.129
𝑏𝑑 250 × 348
𝜏𝑐 = 0.67 MPa
𝑉𝑢𝑐 = 𝜏𝑐 𝑏𝑑
𝑉𝑢𝑐 = 0.67 × 250 × 399 = 58.29 kN
8
EXAMPLE (BEAM)
Find stirrup diameter and spacing
𝑥𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡 250 2 × 20𝜙
48
348 400
𝑑 = 348
𝜙𝑠 =?
𝑉𝑢,𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡 = 90.8 kN 𝑉𝑢𝑐 = 58.29 kN
𝑉𝑢𝑠 = 𝑉𝑢,𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡 − 𝑉𝑢𝑐 2 × 25𝜙
𝑉𝑢𝑠 = 90.8 − 58.29 = 32.51 kN
Cl. 40.4
Design strength from stirrups:
𝑉𝑢𝑠 = 0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑣 𝑑/𝑠𝑣
Assuming 2-legged stirrup of 8 mm diameter bars:
82
𝐴𝑠𝑣 = 2 × 𝜋 × = 100.6 mm2
4
𝑠𝑣,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑣 𝑑/𝑉𝑢𝑠
348
𝑠𝑣,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.87 × 415 × 100.6 × = 388 mm
32.51 × 103
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EXAMPLE (BEAM)
Check for shear spacing
𝑥𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡 250 2 × 20𝜙
48
348 400
𝑑 = 348
𝜙𝑠 =?
𝑠𝑣,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 388 mm
2 × 25𝜙
Check for minimum shear requirements
2.175𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑣 Cl. [Link]
𝑠𝑣,𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝑏
𝑠𝑣,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = min(0.75𝑑, 300 mm) Cl. [Link]
2.175𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑣 250 2 × 20𝜙
𝑠𝑣,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = min , 0.75𝑑, 300 mm 48
𝑏
2.175 × 415 × 100.6 400
𝑠𝑣,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = min , 0.75 × 348,300 mm 348
250 𝜙𝑠 =8 @ 250c/c
𝑠𝑣,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = min 363,261,300 mm
2 × 25𝜙
𝑠𝑣,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 261 mm (Hence, we put 𝑠𝑣 = 250 mm)
10
EXAMPLE (BEAM)
Check for shear requirement at tensile bar termination
250 2 × 20𝜙
48
348 400
𝜙𝑠 =8 @ 250c/c
860
3 × 25𝜙 2 × 25𝜙
1 × 20𝜙 bar
is terminated
Cl. [Link]
101.25 − 33.75
𝑉𝑢,𝑐𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑓𝑓 = 33.75 + × 3000 − 860 = 81.9 kN
3000 − 0
101.25
Shear resistance at the bar termination section 33.75
𝑉𝑢𝑅 = 𝑉𝑢𝐶 + 𝑉𝑢𝑠
0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑣 𝑑 0.87 × 415 × 100.6 × 348
𝑉𝑢𝑅 = 58.29 + = 58.29 +
𝑠𝑣 250
𝑉𝑢𝑅 = 109 kN
2/3 × 𝑉𝑢𝑅 = 2/3 × 109 = 72.67 kN < 𝑉𝑢,𝑐𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑓𝑓 = 81.9 kN. (Hence, additional stirrups must be provided.)
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EXAMPLE (BEAM)
Check for shear requirement at tensile bar termination
250 2 × 20𝜙
48
348 400
𝜙𝑠 =8 @ 250c/c
860
3 × 25𝜙 2 × 25𝜙
1 × 20𝜙 bar
is terminated
Cl. [Link](b)
Provide stirrups for a distance of 0.75𝑑 = 261 mm.
The maximum spacing shall be 𝑠𝑣,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑑/8𝛽𝑏 = 348/(8 × 1/3) = 130 mm
Assuming we provide three stirrups for the length of 261 mm.
𝑠𝑣 = 261/3 = 87 mm
0.4𝑏𝑠𝑣 0.4×250×87
Minimum excess stirrup area 𝐴𝑠𝑣,𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦
= 415
= 20.96 mm2
𝐴𝑠𝑣,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 100.6 mm2.
12
EXAMPLE (BEAM)
Check for shear requirement at tensile bar termination
250 2 × 20𝜙
48
348 400
𝜙𝑠 =8 @ 250c/c
2 × 25𝜙
261
860 3 × 8𝜙 @87c/c
3 × 25𝜙
1 × 20𝜙 bar
is terminated
13