┌───────────────────────────────────────┐
│ BGP Candidate Routes Selection │
└─────────┬───────────—────────────────—┘
↓ ASes and OSPF Areas
┌─────────▼─────────────┐ [‘The Internet']
│ NEXT_HOP Reachable? ← Step 0: Eligibility ↓
│ Yes → continue │ (BGP - EGP)
│ No → discard route
└───────────┬───────────┘ ↓
┌───────────▼───────────┐ ====================
│ Weight (local) │ ← Step 1 | Autonomous |
└───────────┬───────────┘ | System ‘64512’ | < Your AS
┌───────────▼───────────┐ ====================
│ Local Preference │ ← Step 2
└───────────┬───────────┘ ↓
┌───────────▼───────────┐ (OSPF Areas)-----------------------------
│ Locally Originated? │ ← Step 3 ↓ ↓ ↓
└───────────┬───────────┘ Area 0 Area 1 Area 2
┌───────────▼───────────┐ (Backbone) (Offices) (Data Center)
│ AS_PATH Length │ ← Step 4
└───────────┬───────────┘ ↓
┌───────────▼───────────┐ Area 3
│ ORIGIN Attribute │ ← Step 5 (Remote Branches)
│ (IGP > EGP > Incomplete)
└───────────┬───────────┘
┌───────────▼───────────┐
│ MED (lowest) │ ← Step 6 Networks belong to 1 area.
└───────────┬───────────┘
┌───────────▼───────────┐ ABR- Area Border Routers belong to two or more areas.
│ eBGP vs iBGP │ ← Step 7 EIGRP (enhanced interior gateway protocol)
│ (prefer external) │
* A Cisco-proprietary IGP.
└───────────┬───────────┘
┌───────────▼───────────┐ Convergence- All routers on the network agree on routing
│ IGP Metric to Next-Hop│ ← Step 8
information (routers must detect the change, share, and
└───────────┬───────────┘
┌───────────▼───────────┐ recalculate the best paths).
│ Oldest Path │ ← Step 9 Convergence speeds:
└───────────┬───────────┘
┌───────────▼───────────┐ EIGRP - very fast ‘dual algorithm’
│ Router ID / Cluster ID│ ← Step 10/11 OSPF - fast, floods instantly
└───────────────────────┘
BGP - slow & stable
OSPF Multicast Addresses Policy-Based routing(applied to ingress traffic on interface)
[Link] → All OSPF Routers
[Link] → All OSPF DR/BDR Routers Drives certain traffic (ie ALL UDP traffic) over a
OSPF runs directly over IP protocol 89. specific path instead of the default path, using:
Designated Router Election ACL- access control list id’s specified traffic
On broadcast and NBMA networks, OSPF elects a Designated (type/ to/ from)
Router (DR) and a Backup Designated Router (BDR) to
reduce adjacencies. Route Map- calls on the ACL (“if x traffic, send
here’) with ‘#route-map [map-Name] permit [seq.#]’
Port Usage:
OSPF does not use TCP or UDP. If-then statement: ie: IF #‘match ip address match
L2TP uses UDP port 1701. [map-name]’ / THEN #‘set ip next hop [ip-add]
OSPF LSA Types (the ones you noted)
Apply it using the IP POLICY command
Type 1: Router LSA (each router generates one per area)
Type 2: Network LSA (generated by the DR)
Use the DEBUG command to validate traffic #’debug
Type 3: Summary LSA (generated by ABRs to advertise
ip policy’
networks between areas)
OSPF ADJACENCIES
Use ‘S T T A M P’
S subnet
T timers (hello & dead reveals)
T type (net type)
A area id and area type
M MTU size - (~1500 bytes)
P password (authentication & Auth type ie MD5)