Module 3:Health and Environment

VOCABULARY:
1. Match the words in both columns to get meaningful expressions:

A B Answers
1) Air / land / sea a) Gases 1) +………
2) Release b) Oil in the sea 2) +………
3) Skin c) Problems 3) +………
4) Cut down d) Fumes into the air 4) +………
5) Spill e) Rashes 5) +………
6) Holes in f) Food 6) +………
7) Use g) Towns 7) +………
8) Breathing h) Pesticides 8) +………
9) Acid i) Pollution 9) +………
10) Grow j) The ozone layer 10) +………
11) Overcrowded k) Rain 11) +………
12) harmful l) Trees 12) +………
2. Complete the table below:

Noun Verb Adjective

…………………………….. …………………………….. Destructive
…………………………….. …………………………….. Threatening
Pollution …………………………….. ……………………………..
…………………………….. …………………………. Healthy
Breath …………………………….. xxxxxxxxxxxx
…………………………….. Addict ……………………………..
…………………………….. …………………………….. safe
Danger …………………………….. ……………………………..
3. Circle the correct alternative.

Pollution is neither a local nor a national issue. Air and water pollution cross the borders of countries and
has become (a – an – Ø) international problem. This is the case of (rain acid - acid rain – rainy acid),
which travels in the air to kill forests and aquatic life in countries far from the country (who – where –
which) has produced it. The other type of pollution which knows no borders is the ozone (destruction –
destroy – destroyed). The ozone layer (will help – helps – has helped) filter out most of sun’ radiation.
However, (any – none – some) people all over the world continue to use products which contain CFCs. As
a result, the hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica has become bigger and (biggest – big – bigger).
Besides, farmers and industrialists in the developing countries like Brazil are cutting (up – down – on) large
sections of the Amazon Forest. These farmers and industrialists destroy thousands of plants which absorb
the air pollution (to come – came – coming) from automobiles and industries. Countries can (answer –
solve – rise) the problem of pollution only if all of them work together. It is not fair at all for some nations to
continue to pollute when other nations suffer (at – against – from) the results.

4. Circle the correct alternative.

You probably hear a lot about the environment. But do you really (care – worry – afraid) about it? Do you
help to (safe – save – safety) the Earth? Cleaning a planet is not a task for only one person. People
everywhere (have to – would – could) get involved and understand this is our world. If we pass the word
about the importance of reducing, reusing and recycling, the destiny of this planet(changes – changed –
will change).
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REDUCING the amount of waste you produce is the (worst – best – least) way to help the environment.
Did you turn (off – on – out) the water while brushing your teeth in the morning? You should do it! (have –
are – Did) you walk to school or did you use public transportation?
REUSING is another way of being (environmentally – environment – environmental) friend. Try to find
ways to use things again! Take cloth bags (where – what – when) you go shopping instead of taking home
new paper or plastic bags.
You can also RECYCLE in your home or even at school. Many communities have (recycling centres
centres recycling – centres recyclings) for newspapers, batteries and a variety of glass and plastics.
These items can be made into new products.

5. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words from the box.

planet extinction oceans environment movements tropical

forests habitat
Nowadays people are more and more concerned about the ……………………………. We have been
destroying our …………………….for ages. Now we have to do something before it is too late. We have
destroyed the………………………..of many animals that are now in danger of……………………….. We
have cut down the ……………………….and this has increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. We have
polluted the air by building factories, plants and cars. We have not been careful with the…………………… ,
there have been a lot of accidents with oil tankers. What is happening to our blue planet? Green
……………………….are trying to stop the destruction of Mother Earth. Why don’t you do something too?

6. Put the words between brackets in the right tense or form:

Pollution is a (to threaten) …………………….. to our environment. It’s not only (harm)
………………………… to our environment but it can also affect our (healthy) ………………………….
Pollution can (to be) ……………… in the land, sea, air and water. However, many people (not to care)
…………………. about it.

7. Find synonyms and opposites of each word in column A and B:

A B Synonym A B Opposites
s
1. Harmful a) Inhale 1. +….. 1. Healthy a) Risks 1. +…..
2. Ecology b) Damage/danger 2. +….. 2. Problem b) Flooding 2. +…..
3. Breathe c) Extinction 3. +….. 3. Careful c) Throw away 3. +…..
4. Fume d) Sickness 4. +….. 4. Risky d) Clean 4. +…..
5. Impact e) Dangerous 5. +….. 5. Benefits e) illegal 5. +…..
6. Increase f) Effect 6. +….. 6. Collect f) Waste 6. +…..
7. Garbage g) Contaminated 7. +….. 7. Dirty g) Allow 7. +…..
8. Disappearance h) Smoke 8. +….. 8. Produce h) Solution 8. +…..
9. Worried i) Raise 9. +…... 9. Causes i) Careless 9. +…..
[Link] j) filthy 10. +…… 10. Drought j) Melt 10. +….
[Link] k) Drop/throw 11. +….. 11. Save k) Safe 11. +…..
[Link] l) Concerned 12. +….. 12. Prohibit l) Consume 12. +…..
13. polluted m)Environment 13. +….. 13. Freeze m)Unhealthy 13. +…..
14. dump n) Rubbish 14. +….. 14. legal n) effects/results
8. Circle the right alternative:

Water pollution is due to (sew/ sewers/sewage) and oil (spill/spilled/spills). In fact, the waste that is
carried in sewers from the drains of buildings and factories is (dump/ /dumped/dumping) into rivers,
lakes and seas. This results (at/ on / in) the (contamination/ contaminate/contaminated) of water and
the (destroy/destroyed/destruction) of sea (resources/ sources/ resource) and sea animals.

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 9. Put the words between brackets in the right form

I will do my part to (protection)………………………….our planet earth. I will make an effort to educate

myself and the others about (recycle)…………………………….and the (environmental)………………..…..
I will reuse the products and try to (safe) …………………water and energy.

Word Definition
1) Flooding a) All living things (except people) that are
undomesticated
2) Natural disasters b) A reservation where animals are protected
3) Global warming c) Rain containing acids
d) An increase in the average temperature of
4) Drought the earth's atmosphere
e) A shortage of rainfall
5) Deforestation /logging f) Cover with liquid, usually water
6) Extinction of a species g) A natural phenomena resulting in great loss
and misfortune
7) Acid rain (earthquake/tornado/tsunami)
h) When an animal is no longer in existence
8) Wildlife i) The removal of trees
9) Greenhouse j) A building with glass walls and roof; for the
cultivation and exhibition of plants under
10) Preserve controlled conditions

[Link] right form of the words between brackets:

Long exposure to a noisy environment leads to the gradual (lose)………. of hearing, that is (deaf).……..
…. . In fact, it’s been proved that living in (noise)……….… overcrowded towns has become (danger).
……….., as being regularly (expose)..……..…. to noise can cause headaches, earaches and may lead to
serious (healthy)…………. problems.

Grammar:
1) Provide the right function:
• Smoking might=could=may lead to lung cancer ……..………..
• We should= had better=ought to organize campaigns against pollution ……………….
Offenders have to=must be punished through fines or jail ………………

2) Fill in the gaps with : so, therefore, that’s why, because, as a result, because of :
- Factories dump industrial waste in the rivers and lakes ………. water is contaminated.
- The air is polluted …………….. means of transport release smoke into the air.
- Landfills are filled with waste …………….the big amount of litter we discharge.
- Farmers use pesticides ……………….. the food we eat is unhealthy.
- Rainforests are being destroyed for wood and land …………….. many animal and plant species
are becoming extinct.
He started smoking when he was very young ………………. he developed lung cancer.

3) Fill in the blanks with words from the list.

but also – realise – harm – addicts
One of the reasons why so many children are cigarette …………………………… is that they see their
parents do it. They think it's a "grown-up" thing to do. They do so in order to impress their friends, and also
because they don't really ………………………… that cigarettes will do them any ………………………………
Smoking affects not only the respiratory system,……………………………… all the vital organs such as the
heart.

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 4) Match the underlined expressions with the right functions.
*Our planet earth is in danger; therefore we should all keep an eye on it. (1) - Expressing cause
-You are right, (2) people aren’t aware of the negative impact
of their actions. - Expressing
*Yes, they are throwing garbage everywhere, result.
Hunting animals and cutting trees down. (3) - Describing
-absolutely, some forests look like a dessert, (4) now.
*I think that governments all over the world - Giving Opinion
should put strict laws and also strictly punish the offender s. (5)
- Giving

5) Match sentence parts to get a coherent passage.

A B answers
1-Because of cutting down trees, a- spray the trees with chemical substances. 1+……..
2-Therefore, it is necessary to b- Forests are in real danger in many parts of the 2+……..
3- the countries must impose world. 3+……..
4-In addition to that illegal hunting
c- Stop it immediately. 4+……..
of d- species should be prohibited
E-strict laws against logging.
6) Fill in the blanks with words from the list.

Pressure -taste-lungs-chemicals-brain-lethal-nicotine-body-appreciated-purified-nervous-pleasure

Tobacco smoke contains a lot of harmful …………………………….. (1). Nicotine is one of them. When
tobacco is smoked, ……………………………… (2) is absorbed by the ………………………………. (3) and it
quickly moves into the bloodstream, reaching the …………………………………… (4) in just a few seconds.
A lot of people smoke because nicotine acts on the brain where it stimulates feelings of
……………………………..(5). Besides, it is a powerful chemical that provides the
…………………………………(6) of tobacco which seems to be highly ………………………………….. (7).
However, nicotine affects the entire ……………………………… (8). It stimulates the central
………………………………..(9) system and increases heart rate and blood ……………………………….(10).
Did you know that one single drop of ………………………………. (11) Nicotine on the tongue can kill a
person? In high concentrations, nicotine is simply ………………………………..(12)?

7) Circle the correct alternative.

I am 15 years old and I (go – attend – get) high school in Edinburgh. I (was - have been – am) a smoker
for the last three years and now I have a strong reason to stop but it’s not easy. I’ve (fell – felt – fallen) in
love with a girl from my class but the problem is… she (loves – hates – likes) people who smoke. Just my
luck!
She says that the (taste - smell - colour) of tobacco remains for a long time on my hair, clothes and
breath. She also defends that smoking is expensive and that I don’t have the right to pollute the air she
(breathes – smokes – uses).
Last week I (went – have gone – am going) through an embarrassing situation in the physical
education lesson. We were playing basketball and I ran (in – out – about) of breath. I had to stop and I was
sent to have a shower before my mates. Simone had a good (laugh – shout – cry) with her fantastic non-
smoker friends! She insists on saying that cigarettes won’t take (my – me – I) anywhere.

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