Biomedical Engineering Year 1 Mathematics Problems 7
1. Evaluate the following integrals.
Z Z Z
dx dx 1/2
(i) . (ii) . (iii) a2 − x2 dx .
x (2 − 3x) x (x2 + 1)
x1/2 3x2 + 4x + 1 tan−1 x
Z Z Z
(iv) dx . (v) dx . (vi) dx .
1+x x3 + 2x2 + x 1 + x2
Z Z Z
dx dx
(vii) . (viii) tan2 x dx . (ix) . (Try u = tan x.)
x ln x 1 + tan x
Z Z Z
dx
(x) . (xi) x2 cos x dx . (xii) ex cos x dx .
2 + sin x
Z Z Z 1
x cos x dx
(xiii) 2 dx . (xiv) xk ln x dx ( k 6= −1 ). (xv) .
sin x −1 x2 + 2x + 5
Z π/2 Z
dx dx
(xvi) 2 . (xvii) 1/2
.
0 (1 + cos x) 2
(x + 4x + 13)
Z ∞
2
2. Let In = xn e−x dx , where n is a positive integer. Prove that
0
Z ∞
1 2
In+1 = n In−1 and hence evaluate I5 = x5 e−x dx .
2 0
Z Z
n
3. If un = x cos x dx and vn = xn sin x dx show that
un = xn sin x − n vn−1 and vn = − xn cos x + n un−1 .
R 4
Hence evaluate x sin x dx.
Z π/4
1
4. Let In = tann x dx . Prove that In = − In−2
0 n−1
and hence evaluate I5 .
Answers for Problems 6
1. 2nπ + i cosh−1 4 or 2nπ ± i ln(4 + 151/2 ) .
3. 0 , ln 2 .
6. c , −2 .
7. sech2 x , −sechx tanh x , 2/ sinh 2x .
3 5
9. tanh−1 x = x + x3 + x5 + . . . , −1 < x < 1 .
3 5
tan−1 s = s − s3 + s5 + . . . .
10. h = 12 ln 9 ≈ 1.10 .
[ P.T.O. for some hints.]
Some Hints for Problems 7
1. (i) Use partial fractions.
(iii) Substitute x = a sin θ , then use a trigonometric identity.
(iv) Substitute for the “difficult”term, i.e. put u = x1/2 .
(xi) Use integration by parts, twice, to remove the x2 term.
(xv) Complete the square.
R dθ
(xvii) Complete the square, substitute x + 2 = 3 tan θ. cos θ = ln |sec θ + tan θ| + c .
Z ∞
2 2 2
2. In In+1 = xn+1 e−x dx , write xn+1 e−x = (xn ) (xe−x ) and use integration by
0
parts.