Scientific Method & Experiments

1. Hypothesis – A guess that can be tested.

2. Theory – A well-tested idea that explains something.

3. Observation – Watching and noticing things carefully.

4. Experiment – A test to find out if something is true.

5. Variable – Something that can change in an experiment.

6. Control – The part of an experiment that stays the same.

7. Data – Information collected from an experiment.

8. Conclusion – The final answer based on data.

9. Independent Variable – The thing you change in an experiment.

10. Dependent Variable – The thing you measure in an experiment.

Biology (Living Things)

11. Cell – The smallest unit of life.

12. Organism – Any living thing (plant, animal, or bacteria).

13. DNA – The instructions inside cells that tell the body how to work.

14. Chromosome – A structure in cells that carries DNA.

15. Gene – A small part of DNA that controls traits (like eye color).

16. Evolution – How living things slowly change over time.

17. Natural Selection – The process where stronger traits help animals survive and
reproduce.

18. Adaptation – A change that helps a living thing survive.

19. Photosynthesis – How plants make food using sunlight.

20. Respiration – How cells use oxygen to make energy.

21. Mitochondria – The part of a cell that makes energy.

22. Nucleus – The control center of a cell.

23. Enzyme – A special protein that helps reactions happen faster.

 24. Ecosystem – A community of living and non-living things.

25. Biodiversity – The variety of living things in an area.

26. Producer – A living thing that makes its own food (like plants).

27. Consumer – A living thing that eats other things for energy.

28. Decomposer – A living thing that breaks down dead things (like fungi).

29. Food Chain – A simple way to show who eats whom.

30. Food Web – A bigger picture of how food chains connect.

Human Body & Health

31. Organ – A body part that does a special job (like the heart).

32. Tissue – A group of similar cells working together.

33. Circulatory System – Moves blood through the body (includes heart and blood vessels).

34. Digestive System – Breaks down food for energy (includes stomach and intestines).

35. Nervous System – Controls the body using nerves (includes brain and spinal cord).

36. Immune System – Protects the body from sickness.

37. Homeostasis – The body keeping things balanced (like temperature).

38. Hormone – A chemical that controls body functions.

39. Neuron – A nerve cell that sends messages in the body.

40. Pathogen – A germ that causes disease.

Chemistry (Matter & Reactions)

41. Atom – The smallest piece of matter.

42. Molecule – Two or more atoms joined together.

43. Element – A pure substance made of only one kind of atom.

44. Compound – A substance made of different types of atoms.

45. Periodic Table – A chart of all elements.

46. Chemical Reaction – When substances change into something new.

47. Reactant – A substance that goes into a chemical reaction.

 48. Product – The substance made in a chemical reaction.

49. Acid – A substance that tastes sour and reacts with metals.

50. Base – A substance that feels slippery and reacts with acids

Physics (Energy & Motion)

51. Force – A push or pull on an object.

52. Gravity – The force that pulls things toward Earth.

53. Friction – A force that slows things down when they touch.

54. Speed – How fast something moves.

55. Velocity – Speed in a certain direction.

56. Acceleration – A change in speed or direction.

57. Mass – The amount of matter in something.

58. Weight – How heavy something is due to gravity.

59. Energy – The ability to do work or cause change.

60. Kinetic Energy – Energy of movement.

61. Potential Energy – Stored energy.

62. Work – When a force moves something.

63. Power – How fast work is done.

64. Electricity – The movement of electrons.

65. Magnetism – The force that pulls or pushes certain metals.

66. Wave – A repeating motion that carries energy.

67. Sound – Vibrations that travel through air or another material.

68. Light – A form of energy we can see.

69. Reflection – When light bounces off something.

70. Refraction – When light bends as it passes through something.

Earth & Space Science

71. Rock – A solid material made of minerals.

72. Mineral – A natural solid substance with a set structure.

73. Erosion – The movement of soil and rock by wind or water.

74. Weathering – The breaking down of rocks over time.

75. Plate Tectonics – The idea that Earth's surface is made of moving plates.

76. Earthquake – A sudden shaking of the ground.

77. Volcano – A mountain that erupts with lava.

78. Atmosphere – The layer of gases around Earth.

79. Climate – The average weather over a long time.

80. Weather – The conditions outside at one time.

81. Hurricane – A strong storm with high winds and rain.

82. Tornado – A fast-spinning column of air.

83. Ocean Current – The movement of ocean water.

84. Water Cycle – How water moves through Earth’s air, land, and oceans.

85. Condensation – When gas turns into a liquid.

86. Evaporation – When liquid turns into a gas.

87. Precipitation – Rain, snow, sleet, or hail.

88. Solar System – The Sun and everything that orbits it.

89. Planet – A large object that orbits a star.

90. Moon – A natural object that orbits a planet.

91. Star – A big ball of burning gas in space.

92. Sun – The star at the center of our solar system.

93. Galaxy – A group of billions of stars.

94. Milky Way – The galaxy we live in.

95. Asteroid – A small rocky object in space.

96. Comet – A ball of ice and dust that orbits the Sun.

97. Black Hole – A space object with strong gravity that nothing can escape.
98. Orbit – The path one object takes around another.

99. Telescope – A tool to see far-away objects in space.

100. Satellite – A man-made or natural object that orbits a planet.