Consideration taken for Design

Latitude: 26.8496 Degree North

Longitude: 89.3947 Degree East
Appliance Quantity Power Rating (W) Hours of Use per Day Total Daily
Consumption (Wh)
LED Light Bulbs 6 10 6 360
Seiling Fan 2 60 8 960
(Low Speed)
Refrigerator 1 150 12 1800
(AC)
Television 1 100 4 400
(LED)
Laptop/PC 1 75 6 450
Mobile Phone 2 5 4 40
Charger
Washing 1 750 1 750
Machine
Microwave 1 800 0.5 400
Oven
Peak Load 1950
Total Energy 5160
Weather data from NASA-SSE satellite data 1983-2005
Month Global Horizontal Diffuse Temperature (°C)
Horizontal Irradiation
Irradiation (kWh/m²/day)
(kWh/m²/day)
January 4.15 0.95 12.4
February 4.89 1.19 14.7
March 5.67 1.56 18.4
April 5.93 2.01 20.1
May 5.61 2.37 21.2
June 4.61 2.51 22.7
July 4 2.4 22.9
August 4.2 2.28 22.9
September 3.94 2.02 21.8
October 4.72 1.45 19.4
November 4.59 0.89 16.1
December 4.13 0.78 13.6
Yearly Avg 4.7 1.7 18.8

Given load data:

Question 01: Design the off-grid PV system sizing.

The system will be installed on a rooftop with a tilt angle of 13° and oriented due south;

a. Estimate the power requirement in Wh per day

--} The Wh/day requirement is 5160 Wh/day

b. Determine approximate hours of peak sunlight of a solar radiation of 4500 Wh/m2/day.

--} Dividing by STC W/m2 = 1000W/m2
--} PSH obtained = 4.5 hour
c. Estimate the peak Watt of PV array size and number of modules (series/parallel)
--} Load (Wh) = 5.160 Wh
--} PV array sizing:

Load ( Wh )
PV array (kW) =
PSH ∗Temperatureloss∗Inverter efficirncy∗Overall systemloss
5160
= 4.5∗0.88∗0.9 7∗0.722 = 1860.57 W

PV panel Specification

 Model: A26-60-300MS/1000V

 Manufacturer: Alpha Zeroth

 Technology: Si-mono (Monocrystalline Silicon)

 Nominal Power at STC: 300 Wp

 File Name: AlphaZeroth_A26_60_300MS.PAN

 Production Since: 2018

Parameter Value Description

Goper 1000 W/m² Operating irradiance
Toper 25°C Operating temperature
Pmpp 300.0 W Power at max point (matches nominal power)
Impp 9.32 A Current at maximum power point
Vmpp 32.2 V Voltage at maximum power point
Isc 9.90 A Short-circuit current under operating conditions
Voc 39.3 V Open-circuit voltage under operating conditions
Efficiency 18.33% Module efficiency (calculated)
Module area Automatically computed Used in efficiency calculation

****For the design of both grid-tied and off-grid system the inverter used is:
 Parameter Specification
Model STH-3KTL-LS
Inverter Type Single-phase Hybrid (Off-grid + On-grid)
Rated Output Power 3000 W
Max. Output Power 3300 W
AC Voltage Output 220/230 V
Max. AC Current 15 A
Surge Power (60s) 3900 VA
PV Input Voltage Range 160–550 V
Max. PV Voltage 600 V
Rated PV Voltage 360 V
MPPT Trackers 1
Max. PV Input Current 18 A
Battery Type Lithium or Lead-Acid
Battery Voltage Range 42–58 V
Max. Charge/Discharge Current 100 A
UPS Switching Time <10 ms
Max. Efficiency 97.6%
Euro Efficiency 97.0%
IP Rating IP66
Cooling Smart Fan
Dimensions (W×H×D) 640 × 430 × 202 mm
Weight 34 kg
Altitude Up to 4000 m (derating above 3000 m)

PV configuration:
Iverter Maximum Pv input range 550
PV in series: Module open circuit voltage (Voc ) = 39.3 = 13.99 numbers
As the design is based on Voc, the number of modules should be now down_sized:
Hence: Maximum number of module in series = 13 numbers;
Iverter M inimum Pv input range 160
PV in series: Module maximum voltage (V mpp) = 32.2 = 4.9689 numbers
As the design is based on the lower limit of the voltage so upsizing the numbers;
Hence: Minimum number of modules in series = 5 numbers
1860.57
Total number of module is = PV array ¿ ¿ Module rated power ¿ = = 6.2 ≈ 7number
300
As the total number of module obtained is between 5 to 13
Hence: Series number of panel= 7 numbers
Parallel number of panel= 1 numbers
Rechecking the voltage and power of actual total array size:
Total number of modules*Rated Vmpp = 7*32.2 = 225.4V (With the range of 160V-550V)
Total number of modules*Rated power of module = 7*300 = 2100 W (Greater than 1860.57W)
--} Inverter sizing:
 Peak load ( kW )∗1.3 1950∗1.3
Size of inverter = = 0.97 = 2,613.40kW = 2903.78VA (If
inverter efficiency
PF=0.9)
: So, the inverter choose is 3kW.
--} Battery sizing:
Battery efficiency:
Parameter Specification
Model Solar 12V / 160 Ah
Technology Lead-acid, sealed, Gel
Nominal Voltage 12.0 V
Capacity at C10 160.0 Ah
Internal Resistance @ 20°C 7.20 mΩ
Coulombic Efficiency 98.0%
Reference Temperature 20.0 °C
Number of Batteries in Series 6
Indicator Value
Stored Energy at 50% DOD 1.03 kWh
Total Stored Energy (2700 cycles) 2769 kWh
Specific Energy 14 Wh/kg
Specific Weight 72 kg/kWh

kWh∗Autonomy
Battery size =
Battery voltage∗Depth of Discharge∗Battery efficiency∗Inverter efficicency
5160∗2
= = 1773.1959Ah
12∗0.5∗0.9∗0.97
Battery Configuration:
Inverter voltage 48
Battery series = = = 4 numbers (Rated battery range is 42V-58V)
Battery terminal voltage 12
So; choose 48V as Inverter batter side voltage
Batteries in parallel =
1773.1959
Ahcapacity of Battery ¿ ¿ Ah of individual battery∗Number of Batteries∈Series ¿ = =
160∗4
2.771 Nos.
Therefore: battery in parallel = 3 numbers
Total Batteries required= Batteries in series* Batteries in parallel = 4*3 = 12 numbers

--} Charge controller sizing:

PV array∗safety factor 2100∗1.3
I charge controller = String voltage
= 225.4
= 12.111A (Below Max mppt current of

18A)

Consideration taken for Off-grid design:

Temperature loss = 0.88
Overall system loss (Soiling loss, shading, cable loss and other losses) = 0.722
Safety Factor: 30%
Battery efficiency = 90%

Overall Design:
Estimate the peak Watt of PV array size and number of modules (series/parallel)
Series number of panel= 7 numbers
Parallel number of panel= 1 numbers
Total number of modules*Rated Vmpp = 7*32.2 = 225.4V (With the range of 160-550V)
PV array = Total number of modules*Rated power of module = 7*300 = 2100 W
(Greater than
1860.57W)
Estimate battery capacity in Ah assuming 2 days of autonomy.
Total Batteries required= Batteries in series* Batteries in parallel = 4*3 = 12 numbers
Ah capacity of 12 batteries = 12*160 = 1920Ah
Estimate charge controller & MPPT sizing Inverter sizing
3kW inverter with 18A MPPT charge controller
Sketch schematic layout of PV components and circuits (complete BOS).
 3kW inverter with Mppt inbuilt

300W
PV panels
Series: 7 Nos Load
Parallel: 1 Nos 5160 Wh/day

12V, 160Ah, Battery

Series: 4 Nos
Parallel: 3 Nos

Figure: Off-grid PV connection