Question Bank Unit 1: Solutions
1 Mark Questions
1. Define a solution.
2. What is the difference between solute and solvent?
3. Give one example of gaseous solution.
4. Define mass percentage (w/w).
5. Write the formula for mole fraction.
6. Define ppm (parts per million).
7. Which unit of concentration is temperature dependent: molarity or molality?
8. Define solubility.
9. State Henry’s law.
10. Write mathematical form of Henry’s law.
11. Define Raoult’s law for a volatile solute.
12. What is an ideal solution?
13. Write the condition for an ideal solution in terms of enthalpy and volume.
14. What is an azeotrope? Give an example.
15. Define colligative properties.
16. What is relative lowering of vapour pressure?
17. Define elevation of boiling point.
18. Define depression of freezing point.
19. Define osmotic pressure.
20. Write van’t Hoff factor equation.
21. What happens when red blood cells are placed in:
• (i) hypotonic solution
• (ii) hypertonic solution
2 Mark Questions
1. Differentiate between ideal and non-ideal solutions.
2. Explain the effect of temperature on the solubility of solids in liquids.
3. Why are aquatic species more comfortable in cold water than warm water?
4. Why is soda water bottled under high pressure?
5. State two applications of Henry’s law in real life.
6. Distinguish between positive deviation and negative deviation from Raoult’s law. Give
examples.
7. Define azeotropes. Write one example each of:
o minimum boiling azeotrope
o maximum boiling azeotrope
8. Why molality is preferred over molarity for expressing concentration?
9. Explain why vapour pressure of a solvent decreases on adding a non-volatile solute.
10. What is reverse osmosis? Mention its application.
11. Why does blood pressure decrease at high altitudes?
12. Explain isotonic solutions with an example.
13. Give reason: Colligative properties are called so.
14. Explain association with example of acetic acid in benzene.
3 Mark Questions
1. Derive the relation for relative lowering of vapour pressure.
2. Derive expression for elevation of boiling point.
3. Derive expression for depression of freezing point.
4. Derive the expression for osmotic pressure using ideal gas law.
5. Explain why non-ideal solutions show deviations from Raoult’s law.
6. Explain the formation of positive deviation in ethanol–acetone mixture.
7. Explain the formation of negative deviation in chloroform–acetone mixture.
8. Why is molar mass determined by colligative properties sometimes abnormal?
9. Explain van’t Hoff factor and its significance in determining abnormal molar mass.
10. Write two differences between molarity and molality.
11. Define and explain:
• (i) Hypertonic solution
• (ii) Hypotonic solution
• (iii) Isotonic solution
12. Why is osmotic pressure the best method to determine molar mass of macromolecules?
NUMERICALS
1. A solution is prepared by dissolving 12 g of urea in 88 g of water. Calculate the mass
percentage of urea.
2. 15 g of NaCl is dissolved in 135 g of water. Find the mass % of NaCl.
3. 25 mL of ethanol is mixed with 75 mL of water. Calculate the % of ethanol by volume.
4. 40 mL of glycerol is added to 160 mL of water. Find the volume percentage of glycerol.
5. Calculate the mole fraction of HCl in a solution containing 36.5 g HCl and 180 g water.
6. Find the mole fraction of water in a solution containing 46 g ethanol and 180 g water.
7. 9.8 g of H₂SO₄ is dissolved in water to make 500 mL of solution. Calculate its molarity.
8. 4.0 g of NaOH is dissolved to prepare 250 mL of solution. Find the molarity.
9. 20 g of NaOH is dissolved in 400 g of water. Calculate molality of the solution.
10. 15 g of KCl is dissolved in 100 g of water. Find the molality.
11. A water sample contains 0.003 g of NaCl dissolved in 1 L of water. Express concentration in
ppm.
12. 0.01 g of Pb(NO₃)₂ is dissolved in 200 g of water. Calculate concentration in ppm.
PYQ