SCIENCE10_Q2REVIEWER

NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF EM WAVES

● WAVES- A disturbance that travels through a - Ultraviolet- excessive exposure from UV can
medium, transporting energy from one location to cause sunburn and even skin cancer and can
another location without transporting matter hurt our eyes
- X-ray- & Gamma Ray- Can damage healthy
TYPES OF WAVES living cells of the body. To much exposure to
● Sound Wave - Form of energy that propagates an X-rays can damage tissues and can cause
available mechanical and longitudinal wave. Uses cancer
vibration to propagate
● Longitudinal Wave- Are mechanical wave that is ● Law of Reflection- When a ray of light reflects off a
parallel to the direction the waves move surface,the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of
● PARTS reflected ray
1. Compression- where the particles are close - Kinds of Rays
together. ● Incident Ray- is the ray of light approaching
2. Rarefaction- where the particles are spread the mirror
apart. ● Reflected Ray- is the ray from the reflecting
● Transverse Wave- A displacement that is surface
perpendicular to the direction of the wave
● PARTS ● Normal Line (N)- used as reference point in
1. Crest- Refers to the the highest point within a determiningthe angle of reflectionand angle of
cycle incidence.
2. Trough- The lowest point within a cycle ● Reflection- Is the bouncing of light when it hits a
mirror
CHARACTERISTIC OF A WAVE - TYPES OF REFLECTION
● WAVELENGTH- distance between to successive ● Specular/ RegularReflection- is a reflection o
compressions and rarefactions of a wave flight on smooth surfaces such as mirrors or a
● AMPLITUDE- distance from the center to the top of calm body of water
a crest or to the bottom of the trough ● Diffused/ Irregular Reflection- is the
● FREQUENCY- number of waves produce in a time reflection of light on rough surfaces such as on
frame a wavy body of water

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE- Created as a result of TYPES OF MIRROR

vibrations between an electric field and magnetic field ● Plane Mirror- is a flat, smooth surface that reflects
- It is defined through its wavelength, frequency, light in a regular way
and energy when it is inside the vacuum - Properties of a plane mirror
● Image- Virtual
PROPERTIES OF EM WAVE ● Position- Upright
- They are transverse wave ● Size- The same
- It begins with two oscillating charges ● Location- behind the mirro
- They trave in a vacuum at a speed of ● Direction- left right reversal
3×10⁸m/s
- They do not require any medium to propagate ● Ray Diagram- A representation of the possible paths
light can take to determine the location, size,
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM- orientation, and type of image.
● Lowest frequency to highest frequency
- Radio Wave, Microwave, Infrared, Visible Light, ● Curved Mirror - Is a reflecting surface in which its
Ultraviolet, Xray, Gamma Ray (Rabbits Meet surface is a section of sphere
In Very Unusual eXotic Garden) Types of Curved Mirror
● Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet ● Concave Mirror (Converging Mirror)-
(ROYGBIV)- Refers to the spectrum of visible light Showing the parallel incident rays converge at
a focal point after reflection
APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE ● Parts of A Concave Mirror
1. Radio Waves- Radio broadcasting - C= Center of curvature- is the center or the
2. Microwaves- Sattelite communication and radius of the sphere of which the mirror is part
microwave ovens - V=vertex- Is the center of the mirror
3. Infrared- Remote Controls and auto focus - F= focal point/focus-is the point between C
camera and V
4. Visible Light- Optic fibers and lassers ● Properties of Concave Mirror
5. Ultraviolet- Sun tan and Detecting forged 1. Object is located beyond C- Real, Inverted,
bank notes Smaller, Between C and F
6. X-ray- X-ray in bones 2. Object is located at C- Real, Inverted, Same,
7. Gamma Ray- Radiotherapy At the object
3. Object is located after between C and F-
Real, Inverted, Larger, Beyond C,
PREPARED BY: JACOB EUSTAQUIO | 10 CHARITY
 SCIENCE10_Q2REVIEWER
4. Object is located at F- No image is formed
● Uses of Concave Mirror Electric Motor- Is used to convert electrical energy
- Telescope, Shaving and makeup mirrors, into mechanical energy.
Headlights, and Microscope - Electric motors generate torque by using the
interaction between their magnetic field and
● Convex Mirror ( Diverging)- In which the reflective the electric current in wire windings.
surface bulges outward or toward the light source. ● Parts of Electric Motor
- It always form a “Virtual Image” that is 1. Power Source- It supplies power to the
“Upright” motorarmature or field coils.
● Applications of Convex Mirror 2. Commutator- It is the rotating interface of the
- Inside buildings for security purposes, armature coil with a stationary circuit.
Sunglasses, Vehicle mirrors, Magnifying glass 3. Field Magnet/ Stator- The magnetic field
helps to produce a torque on the rotating
● Lens- Is a transparent material made of glass or armature coil by virtue of Fleming's left-hand
plastic that refracts or bend light rays and focuses rule.
them at a point 4. Armature Core- Holds the armature coil in
place and provides mechanical support.
TYPES OF LENS 5. Armature Coil/Rotor- It helps the motor to
● Convex Lens (Converging Lens)- -thicker in run.
the center than its edges. 6. Brushes- It is a device that conducts current
- Converging lens because light that between stationary wires and moving parts,
passes through it tends to converge at most commonly the rotating shaft.
focal point
➢ Propterties of A Convex Lens
● When the object is behind 2F1- Real, Smaller,
Inverted, Between F2 and 2F2
● When the object is at F1- No image will be
formed
● When the object is between F1 and V-
Virtual, Larger, Upright, Behind the lens
● Concave lens (Diverging Lens)- Thicker at the
edges and than in the center
- Diverging Lens because the light that
passes through it tends to diverge at
the focal point
➢ Properties of a Concave Lens
- It will always form a Virtual, Upright, Smaller,
The same side of the object

Applications of Lenses
1. Camera- an optical instrument which works
like a human eye
2. Binoculars- works with only lenses and no
prisms. It has a concave lens for its eyepiece,
and a convex lens for the objective lens.
3. Telescopes
● Refractors- are telescopes that use lenses.
Refracting telescopes have two convex lenses
● Reflector Telescopes - uses a curved mirror to
reflect and converge light, and a small
diagonal mirror to redirect the light 90 degrees
to an eyepiece positioned at the side.
● Microscope- Magnify objects that are too
small to see

Harmful Effects of Lenses

● Nearsightedness (Myopia)- occurs when you
cannot see objects at a distance, but are fine
while looking at near objects
● Farsightedness (Hyperopia)- occurs when
someone will usually see far- away objects
clearly but cannot see close objects clearly

PREPARED BY: JACOB EUSTAQUIO | 10 CHARITY