Key answer:

1. The answer is D, A noun phrase is needed to complete the sentence. (A), (B), and (C) are verb
forms or clauses that do not fit grammatically.

2. The answer is C, A relative clause is needed to correctly describe "Mason bees." (A) lacks a relative
pronoun, (B) creates a dependent clause, and (D) lacks the necessary conjunction.

3. The answer is A, A main clause is needed. (B) and (C) contain noun forms, and (D) contains an
unnecessary relative clause marker.

4. The answer is A, A noun phrase that serves as the object of the preposition "for" is needed. (B)
and (D) contain incorrect forms, and (C) is a relative clause that does not fit grammatically.

5. The answer is C, The correct word order for a negative statement with a subject and verb is
needed. (A), (B), and (D) contain incomplete or incorrect forms.

6. The answer is B, A noun phrase with a relative clause is needed to describe "whale." (A), (C), and
(D) contain incorrect forms that do not fit grammatically.

7. The answer is B, Correct word order for a conditional clause is needed. (A) and (C) contain
incorrect word orders, and (D) is a nonsensical phrase.

8. The answer is D, A noun phrase is needed to identify Portland. (A), (B), and (C) contain incorrect
forms that do not fit grammatically.

9. The answer is A, A relative clause is needed to describe "impurities." (B) contains unnecessary
words, (C) is redundant, and (D) contains an incorrect form.

10. The answer is A, The past passive form is needed to describe the formula. (B) is an infinitive form,
(C) is a base verb form, and (D) is an incorrect past perfect form.

11. The answer is C, A conjunction is needed to link the clauses. (A), (B), and (D) contain incorrect
forms.

12. The answer is A, A noun phrase is needed to complete the sentence. (B), (C), and (D) contain
incorrect forms or word orders.

13. The answer is A, A comparative clause is needed to describe how the sense of smell functions. (B)
and (C) contain incorrect forms, and (D) does not fit grammatically.

14. The answer is C, A past participle is needed to describe the origin of perfumes. (A), (B), and (D)
contain incorrect forms.

15. The answer is B, A noun phrase is needed to complete the sentence. (A) contains an unnecessary
preposition, (C) is an infinitive form, and (D) is an incorrect past tense form.
The answer is B, A plural noun form is used where a singular noun form is
needed. Correction: concentration.
The answer is A, Incorrect word order in the relative clause. Correction:
which opened.
The answer is D, A noun form is used where a verb form is needed.
Correction: prevents.
The answer is A, Incorrect plural form is used without a determiner.
Correction: thousands of kinds.
The answer is B, An incorrect relative pronoun is used. Who is used to
refer to people. Correction: which/that.
The answer is D, An adjective is used where a noun is needed. Correction:
relaxation.
The answer is A, An incorrect preposition is used. Correction: of.
The answer is A, A noun form is used where an adjective form is needed.
Correction: significant.
The answer is C, An incorrect adverbial form is used. Correction: too far.
The answer is A, A past participle is used where a past tense verb is
needed. Correction: Established.
The answer is C, An incorrect relative pronoun is used. What is used to
refer to things. Correction: that.
The answer is B, Incorrect word order of adjectives. Correction: distinctive
characteristics.
The answer is A, An incorrect prepositional phrase is used. Correction:
depict.
The answer is D, An adjective is used where a noun is needed. Correction:
difficulty.
The answer is B, A singular form of the verb is used where a plural form is
needed. Correction: possess.
The answer is A, An incorrect noun form is used. Correction: longevity.
The answer is C, An incorrect verb form is used. Correction: preparing.
The answer is B, A plural noun form is used where a singular noun form is
needed. Correction: city.
The answer is A, An incorrect introductory phrase is used. Correction: It
was.
The answer is C, An incorrect conjunction is used. Correction: though.
The answer is C, An incorrect singular noun form is used. Correction:
mechanisms.
The answer is B, An incorrect adverb form is used. Correction: necessarily.
The answer is C, An incorrect preposition is used. Correction: for.
The answer is D, An incorrect noun form is used. Correction: percent.
The answer is C, An incorrect adverb form is used. Correction: ample.
1. The answer is C. A conjunction “nor” is needed to complete the
correlative conjunction “neither...nor.” (A), (B), and (D) are incorrect
because they do not complete the structure correctly.

2. The answer D ("of which are native") is correct because it uses the
appropriate prepositional phrase to introduce the relative clause,
maintaining proper grammatical structure and clarity. (A), (B), and (D)
contain incorrect or awkward structures.

3. The answer is C. A noun phrase that serves as the subject is needed.

(A) and (B) are verb forms, and (D) is an unnecessary clause marker.

4. The answer is D. A correct passive form with the subject “they” is

needed. (A), (B), and (C) are active forms or have incorrect word order.

5. The answer is A. A noun phrase with an adjective is needed. (B), (C),

and (D) contain incorrect forms or word orders.

6. The answer is C. A noun phrase without a verb is needed to complete

the sentence. (A), (B), and (D) contain unnecessary or incorrect words.

7. The answer is A. A noun phrase is needed to identify the place. (B), (C),
and (D) contain unnecessary or incorrect words.

8. The answer is A. A conjunction “just as” is needed to show the analogy.

(B), (C), and (D) are incorrect forms.

9. The answer is C. A simple noun phrase is needed to complete the

sentence. (A), (B), and (D) contain unnecessary words or incorrect
structures.

10. The answer is B. An adjective is needed to describe the difficulty of

observations. (A), (C), and (D) contain incorrect forms.
11. The answer is D. A present participle phrase is needed to describe the
subject. The subject of the sentence is "the hippopotamus," and the verb
is "rivals." This structure makes it clear that the hippopotamus is being
compared to the great Indian rhinoceros in terms of size. Therefore, the
answer is D because it correctly completes the sentence by providing a
grammatically correct and logically clear. (B), (C), and (D) contain
unnecessary or incorrect words.

12. The answer is C. An expletive “it” is needed to complete the sentence

correctly. (A), (B), and (D) contain incorrect or incomplete structures.

13. The answer is C. Inverted subject-verb word order is needed after "Not
until the 1820s." (A), (B), and (D) contain incorrect word order.

14. The answer is D. A noun clause with correct subjunctive form is

needed. (A), (B), and (C) contain incorrect structures.

15. The answer is C. A prepositional phrase "through which" is needed to

describe the entry process. (A), (B), and (D) contain incorrect forms.
16. The answer is B, A noun form is used where a possessive pronoun is needed. Correction: whose

17. The answer is A, The verb "write" should be in the gerund form. Correction: Writing

18. The answer is D, The word order is incorrect; "always" should come before "the same".
Correction: always be the

19. The answer is B, An adverb is used where an adjective is needed. Correction: serious

20. The answer is B, A plural noun should be in singular form to agree with "difference". Correction:
difference

21. The answer is B, Incorrect phrase "after soon" should be "soon after". Correction: soon after

22. The answer is A, "Among" should be "between" because it refers to the period between two
specific years. Correction: Between

23. The answer is B, An adjective is used where an adjective in parallel structure is needed.
Correction: visibility

24. The answer is A, "Which they arose" should be "which arose". Correction: which arose

25. The answer is D, Reflexive pronoun is used where a possessive pronoun is needed. Correction: its

26. The answer is A, Incorrect word order; "formal definition" should be used. Correction: formal
definition

27. The answer is D, A verb is used where a noun is needed. Correction: dedication

28. The answer is D, "Nor" should be "not" for the correct conjunction. Correction: not

29. The answer is D, A verb should be in plural form to agree with "they". Correction: release
30. The answer is C, "Climatic" should be "climate" to agree with parallel structure. Correction:
climate

31. The answer is D, "Are" should be "is" to agree with the singular subject "growth". Correction: is

32. The answer is B, Incorrect verb form "using" should be "used". Correction: used

33. The answer is D, "Many" should be "much" to agree with uncountable noun "propulsion".
Correction: much

34. The answer is B, Incorrect word order; "grassy plant" should be used. Correction: plant grassy

35. The answer is D, "The entertainment" should be "entertainment". Correction: entertainment

36. The answer is D, "Have introduced" should be "have been introduced". Correction: have been
introduced

37. The answer is A, "Temporarily" should be "temporary". Correction: temporary

38. The answer is A, "Project" should be "projects". Correction: projects

39. The answer is D, "Years ago" should be "years". Correction: years

40. The answer is D, "Out" should be "outside". Correction: outside