Year 11 Maths Advanced
Topic 3: Probability
Booklet 1
Name:_________
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1. Probability review
1. A container holds 5 blue, 3 white and 7 yellow marbles. If one marble is selected at random,
find the probability of getting:
a) a white marble?
b) a white or a blue marble?
c) a yellow, white or blue marble?
d) a red marble?
2. The probability that a traffic light will turn green as a car approaches it is estimated to be .
A taxi goes through 192 intersections where there are traffic lights. How many of these
would be expected to turn green?
3. The probability of a winning a raffle ticket was , what is the probability of losing?
4. A fair 6-sided die is rolled on a flat surface. What is the probability that the number
appearing is:
a) odd b) divisible by 3 c) odd or divisible by 3
5. 5000 tickets are sold in a raffle. What is the probability of winning the first price if you
bought 20 tickets? Give your answer as a percentage.
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6. The probability of winning a lottery with one ticket is 1/100000. What is the probability of
not winning with that ticket?
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9. From a standard pack of cards, one card is drawn at random. What is the probability that it
is:
a) a diamond?
b) not a spade?
c) a queen or a red card
d) a diamond or an ace?
e) a red ace?
f) a picture card
10. Two dice are tossed together. What is the probability that?
a) they show a total of 10?
b) they show the same number?
c) they show a total more than 9?
d) they show a total at most 10?
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12. A fair is tossed 10 times and the results were all Head. What is the probability of getting a
head on the next toss?
13. Comment on the validity of this argument.
‘When two coins are tossed together, there are three outcomes: two heads, two tails and one of
each. Hence the probability of getting one of each is 1/3”
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2. Set notation and Venn diagram
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2. Write the set notation for the shaded area.
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6. Shade each of the following regions on the given diagram. Copy the
diagram for each part below.
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3. Addition and product rule
1. One card is selected at random from a pack of 100 cards numbered from 1 to 100.
Find the probability that the number on this card is even or less than 20.
2. In a class of 30 girls, 13 play tennis and 23 play netball. If 7 girls play both sports, what is the
probability that a girl chosen at random plays neither sport?
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4. In a group of 50 students, there are 26 who study Latin and 15 who study Greek and 8 who study both
languages. Draw a Venn diagram and find the probability that a student chosen at random:
a studies only Latin
b studies only Greek
c studies both language
d studies Latin or Greek
e. What is the probability that a student who studies Greek also studies Latin?
5. a. Find the probability of rolling a double 6 on 2 dice.
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b. The probability that an archer will hit a target is 7/8 Find the probability that the archer will:
i. hit the target twice
ii. miss the target twice.
6. Maryam buys 5 tickets in a raffle in which 95 tickets are sold altogether.
There are 2 prizes in the raffle. What is the probability of her winning:
i. both first and second prizes?
ii. neither prize?
iii. at least one of the prizes?
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7. A pair of dice is thrown twice. What is the probability that the first throw is a double, and the second
throw gives a sum of at least 4?
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4. Probability tree
1. Robert has a chance of 0.2 of winning a prize in a Taekwondo competition.
If he enters 3 competitions, find the probability of his winning:
i. 2 competitions
ii. at least 1 competition.
2. A bag contains 3 red, 4 white and 7 blue marbles. Two marbles are drawn at random from
the bag without replacement. Find the probability that the marbles are red and white.
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3. A bag contains 3 red, 4 white and 7 blue marbles. Two marbles are drawn at random from
the bag with replacement. Find the probability that at least one marble is red?
4. Mrs Kalachian randomly answered three multiple choice questions each with four choices A, B, C and D.
What is the probability that she chooses at most one A?
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5. Conditional probability
1. Lara is an athlete who enters a swimming and running race. She has a 44% chance of
winning the swimming race and a 37% chance of winning both races. Find to the nearest
whole percentage the probability that she wins the running race if she has won the
swimming race.
2. A card is drawn at random from a normal pack of 52 cards. Find the probability that it is a 9, 10, jack
or queen if:
a. Nothing more is known.
b. It is known to be a court card (jack, queen or king).
c. It is known to be an 8 or a 10.
d. It is known not to be a 2, 3, 4 or 5.
3. In a certain population, 35% of people have blue eyes, 15% have blond hair, and 10% have blue eyes
and
blond hair. A person is chosen from this population at random.
a. Find the probability that they have blond hair, given that they have blue eyes.
b. Find the probability that they have blue eyes, given that they have blond hair.
4. Example 3 described the incidence of blue eyes and blond hair in a population:
a. Why does the product rule formula show immediately that ‘blue eyes’ and ‘blond hair’ are not
independent?
b. What would be the probability of having blue eyes and blond hair if the two characteristics were
independent?
5. The Venn diagram below show the sports the students like.
a) What is the probability that a student picked at random likes Basketball only?
b) What is the probability that a student who likes Tennis does not like Cricket?
c) What is the probability that a student who like Basketball also likes the other two?
d) What is the probability that a student who likes Basketball and Tennis does not like Cricket?
f) P(𝐵 ∩ 𝑇|𝐶)=
g) P(𝑇 ∪ 𝐶|𝐵)=
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6. P(X ) = 0.2 and P(X ∩ Y ) = 0.06. Determine whether X and Y are independent if:
i. P(Y ) = 0.6
ii. P(Y ) = 0.3
7. Show that A and B are independent given that P(A) = 0.6, P(B) = 0.45, P(A ∪ B) = 0.78.
8. In a certain experiment, the probability of events A and B are P (A) = 0.6 and P (B) = 0.3 respectively.
In which of these cases are the events independent?
a P (A∩B) = 0.18
b P (A|B) = 0.3
c P (A∪B) = 0.72
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