THE PERCEIVED EFFECTS OF MULTILINGUALISM IN SPEAKING

SKILLS OF HUMSS STUDENTS AT NAGA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

RESEARCH PROPOSAL DEFENSE SCRIPT
Opening (The Introduction of the Researcher)
SLIDE 1: TITLE SLIDE - Adonis
"Good morning, esteemed Panel Members, and our research adviser. We are the third
group from BSED English-3B and we are here today to present our research proposal
entitled: 'The Perceived Effects of Multilingualism in Speaking Skills of HUMSS
Students at Naga National High School. I am Adonis Brutas and joining me are (name
of another researchers)
SLIDE 2: BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY - Daniel
Language plays an important role in communication and learning. Nordquist in 2019
defined Multilingualism as the ability of an individual speaker or a community of
speakers to communicate effectively in three or more languages. Contrast with
monolingualism, the ability to use only one language
We chose this topic because, in a multilingual country like the Philippines, which
according to Patrick in 2021, the official languages of the Philippines are Filipino and
English. Different regions of the Philippines speak different regional languages and
there are 183 different dialects spoken in the Philippines. Students in Naga National
High School are naturally exposed to multiple languages—the Bikol as the mother
tongue or regional language, Filipino, and English—all of which they are expected
to use, especially in a strand Humanities and Social Sciences, where oral presentations
and communication are crucial. This exposure leads to multilingualism, which, while
generally beneficial, can also introduce complexities like code-switching or language
interference in their daily speaking tasks. Our study is based on the idea on the way
students use different languages affects, how they see their own speaking skills. We
want to explore and understand this experience among HUMSS students.
SLIDE 3: LEGAL BASIS – Lenneth
Here is our legal basis in the context of educational curriculum in the Philippines.
Filipino Language 1 and English Language 2 as it is mandated to use as the medium of
instructions according to the DePed, Department of Education, Year 2018. Through
this, learners are exposed in these languages and observed in them as they participate
in school and socialization. There were some who are fluent in those languages and
some are not.
SLIDE 4: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE – Lenneth
Our review of related literature reveals that multilingualism can have both positive and
negative influences on language development, as noted by:
 (Cenoz, J., & Gorter, D. 2023) Students have to learn the language(s) of the
host country and other languages in the curriculum, which in many cases are
different from the ones spoken at home
 Multilingualism can have both positive and negative influence on language
development, and early intervention strategies are recommended for children
with language delay in multilingual environments (Ahsan et al., 2024).
 According to Kaushanskaya, M., & Crespo, K. (2019), their findings indicates
that children's cognitive processing capacity determines whether exposure to
code-switching enhances or impedes language development.
SLIDE 5: REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES – Lenneth
Also, we have here other studies:
 Botes et al. (2020) investigated how self-proficiency and multilingualism impact
the emotional aspects of learning a foreign language. More multilingualism and
higher perceived ability were associated with more enjoyment (FLE) and less
anxiety (FLA), according to his data from 1,622 learners.
 Benzehaf, B. (2021), Multilingual learners use all of their languages, although in
various circumstances, and have favorable attitudes toward multilingualism,
according to the findings. Additionally, they assert that their usage of languages
allows them to maintain and build many identities in a flexible manner as they
undergo identity transformation.
SLIDE 6: REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES – Lenneth
 Haukås, Å., Storto, A., & Tiurikova, I. (2022), the preliminary descriptive
statistical analysis, students’ perceptions of the advantages of multilingualism
varied; they were less enthusiastic about general cognitive benefits and more
positive about benefits associated with the language acquisition process.
 According to Dewaele, J.-M., & Botes, E. (2019), shows that multilingualism and
multiculturalism are long-lasting contextual influences that influence how
personality profiles are formed.
SLIDE 7: RATIONALE - Ashly
The Philippines is top 3 most proficient country in Asia and Filipinos were the second-
best English speakers in Asia among the top 20 best English-speaking countries
worldwide (Pioscary, 2024). Despite of its title, there were some who are not really
good on it because it is not often use in a casual conversation but more on with
academic and formal setting. By examining the perceived effects of multilingualism on
students’ speaking abilities, the study offers insights into the effective use of multiple
languages and foster means to bridge communication gaps, enhance learning, and
build a more inclusive educational environment.
SLIDE 8: STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM - Adonis
Our research seeks to answer the following specific questions:
1. What are the perceived effects of multilingualism on speaking skills, as perceived by
the students?
2. What difficulties do HUMSS students face in speaking that might be linked to
multilingualism?
3. What can be done to address these difficulties?"
Slide 9: METHODS (RESEARCH DESIGN) - Adonis
To address these questions, we employed a survey quantitative method and a
descriptive research design. This approach allowed us to collect and analyze numerical
data to quantify the perceived effects and establish statistical relationships. The
objectives are to determine the state of multilingualism among HUMSS students and
their speaking skill
Slide 10: METHODS (RESPONDENTS) - Adonis
Our respondents were Grade 11 and 12 HUMSS students at Naga National High
School who identify as multilingual speakers.
Slide 11: METHODS (SAMPLING PROCEDURE) - Adonis
A total of 123 students were selected as respondents. We used Slovin's Formula and
Stratified Proportional Random Sampling to ensure our sample is representative of
the different classes within the HUMSS population out of 177 students.
Slide 12: INSTRUMENT - Andrea
To gather data, we will use a survey questionnaire consisting of two parts. The first part
focused on the perceived effects of multilingualism on speaking skills, using a rating
scale from Strongly Agree to Strongly Disagree. The second part explored the difficulties
encountered by students that might lead to multilingualism, using a survey checklist."
Slide 13: DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE (DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION) -
Andrea
The survey questionnaire will develop and validate by our research adviser, a
statistician, and three language teachers, who will provide valuable feedback,
suggestions, and recommendations."
Slide 14: DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE (IMPLEMENTATION) - Andrea
After validation, we will conduct a survey in the respective classrooms of Grade 11 and
12 HUMSS students. We will ensure that all responses will be confidential, adhering to
ethical guidelines and the Data Privacy Act of 2012.
Slide 15: STATISTICAL TREATMENT (WEIGHTED MEAN) - Andrea
In analyzing the data from Part I of the questionnaire, we will use the Weighted Mean to
determine the overall perception of students regarding the effects of multilingualism on
their speaking skills.
Slide 16: STATISTICAL TREATMENT (FREQUENCY COUNT AND PERCENTAGE) -
Andrea
For Part II, we will use Frequency Count and Percentage to determine the most
common difficulties experienced by the students.
Closing (The Synthesis)
SLIDE 17: THANK YOU SLIDE – Adonis
In summary, our proposal is a focused attempt to systematically quantify the perceived
connection between multilingualism and the speaking skills of HUMSS students. We
believe our study is timely, relevant, and our methodology is sound. We are confident
that its findings will make a valuable contribution to language education practice here at
Naga National High School. We are now ready to receive your valuable questions,
comments, and suggestions.