CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the research

The development of literary works in Indonesia is currently quite fast.

That matter this is evident from the many literary works that have appeared,

whether in the form of novels, poetry, short stories, and dramas. All of these are

literary works created by the authors (creators). With the development of culture

from time to time, of course, it is also possible that the world of drama is now

being broadcast on various digital platforms. there are also various kinds of

genres that have been developed related to social development or the problematic

phenomena of life that are worked on in the form of literary works, various

psychological theories are also not spared from the development of a story made

by literary works, one of which is Sigmund Freud's theory in researching the

characterizations of characters displayed in a novel of literature work.

Psychoanalysts in literature especially in Drama series, It’s quite important to

study because the characterization of a character in a literary work can be based

on human behavior in the real world from a psychological point of view. Usually,

the theme taken in the characterization of a literary work, especially in the form of

the movie, is related to mental illness or the influence of the surrounding

environment on the mental state of an individual in dealing with character

development. By examining literary works from a psychological point of view,

we can better understand the character of an individual.

The reason why the researcher chose the psychoanalyst id, ego, and superego

theory is because the researcher wants to analyze the main character’s emotions

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Based on id, ego, and superego state through the different scenes. Because In

literary works, the conflicts experienced by the characters are a reflection of our

daily lives which can never be separated from feelings of happiness, joy, sadness,

and also a sense of morality.

Euphoria is a teen drama that is series from one of the famous United States

television stations, namely HBO. Euphoria was created by Sam Levinson and is

an adaptation of the Israeli television miniseries by Ron Leshem and Daphna

Levin of the same name. This Euphoria series gives the reader an overview of the

importance of forming the personality of the main character named Rue Bennett

which starts with a range of new sciences exploring similar themes of sex, drugs,

and relationships, but set in the 1990s for high school teens in America. The thing

requires no easy adjustment. All of that is wrong and a challenge in building

personality. In the Euphoria Series, The author presents the weight values which

contains psychological values that build souls for student’s readings that can be

applied in everyday life to be used as learning about the dangers of promiscuity

against teenagers. Because For that reason, the researcher wants to examine the

personality aspects of the main character in the Euphoria series using literary

Psychoanalyst theory.

Drama comes from the Greek, namely dramai which means do, act, and so

on. The word drama can be interpreted as an action or action. In general, the

meaning of drama is a literary work written in the form of dialogue and with the

intention of being performed by actors. Drama script staging can be recognized in

theatrical terms. Drama can also be said as a story that is performed on stage and

based on a script. Here are the elements of drama:

1) Theme is the main idea or a main idea in the story drama.

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2) The plot is the storyline of the drama show starting in the first to last round.

3) Drama characters consist of main characters and supporting characters. Figure

The main role is also called the prima donna, while the auxiliary role is called

extras.

4) Character is the behavior played by the drama character. The character of

protagonist is one type of character and the protagonist is a good character. While

the antagonist is a bad character.

5) Setting is a description of the place, time, and situations that occur in the

story’s ongoing drama.

6) The drama mandate is a message conveyed from the author’s story of the

drama to the audience. The drama's mandate can be conveyed through the roles of

the drama characters.

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1.2 Previous researches

There are some previous researches conducted the psychoanalysis Id, ego, and

superego theory research:

1. Nur Halisa, Nur Ika Maulida "Analisis Id, Ego, Superego novel ‘Pasung’ jiwa

karya Oky Madasari menggunakan pendekatan sastra". Makasar : University

Muhammadiyah Makassar (2019)

This study aims to describe the id, ego, and superego of the main character

of the novel Pasung Jiwa by Okky Madasari using a literary psychology

approach. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive research. The data

obtained from this study resulted in a psychological analysis of literature

contained in the novel by Okky Madasari with the title "Pasung Jiwa". This

research are using qualitative analysis.

2. Abdul Aziz “Analisis Psikologis Novel Negeri 5 Menara Karya Ahmad

Fuaddi” Tanjung balai : Nurul Ilmi Islamic High School (2018)

Literature is a figurative picture of a person and produces a life colored by

attitude. Thus, literary works can be approached using a psychological approach.

The problem of this research is about psychology in the novel Negeri Lima

Menara by Ahmad Fuadi. This study aims to find out the description of the

psychological description of the character Alif in the novel Negeri 5 Menara by

Ahmad Fuadi which amounted to 425 pages. Publisher PT Gramedia Pustaka

Utama, Jakarta. 2009. This research data is in the form of a psychological picture

of Alif's character. The method used is descriptive method with qualitative

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analysis by describing the psychological picture of Alif in the novel Negeri 5

Menara by Ahmad Fuadi with a Psychological Approach. This method is based

on consideration of the suitability of the research form with the research

objectives. The research instrument was carried out by means of a documentation

study. Documentation study was conducted on the novel Negeri 5 Menara by

Ahmad Fuadi with a Psychological Approach. From the results of this study,

information can be obtained that the description of Alif's character is angry,

anxious, afraid, depressed, hesitant and indecisive.

1.3 Position of the research

The difference between this research and the research above is the source

of data and several previous studies that analyzed the theory of Id, ego, and

superego in novels, while this study only focuses on analyzing the main character

in drama series. Function in this study are focusing on analyzing the Id, ego, and

superego in dialogues and scenes of the main character from the Euphoria drama

series. The similarities of this research with the previous research are analyzing

Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of Id, ego, and superego.

1.4 Problem Formulation

To obtain targeted research results, it is necessary a problem formulation. The

formulation of the problem in the research this problem as follows.

How many data of psychoanalytic of id, ego, and superego that show of the main

character Rue Bennet in the Euphoria drama series?

1.5 Objective of the Research

The objective of this research is

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To find out how many psychoanalytic of id, ego, and superego in the main

character Rue Bennet in Euphoria drama series.

1.6 Scope of the Research

The target of this research is to investigate the description of psychology in a

literary work. Appropriate in this case, by using psychoanalytic theory to analyze

the depiction of characters from the series that the researcher will choose.

Furthermore, this study tries to describe using psychoanalytic theory.

To answer the problem, the researcher chose only one main character to focus

using Sigmund Freud's id, ego, and superego. The object is the main character in

the Euphoria series, Name Rue Bennet. Rue is the high school teenager in

Euphoria that been played by Zendaya.

1.7 Significance of the Research

The researcher hopes that this research can be useful for the another

researchers or readers to be more familiar with psychoanalytic theory and be able

to use psychological research in literary works correctly in daily activities.

Researcher or readers can use this research as a reference for a reference in the

future who will take psychoanalytic as their research object or research the

"Euphoria" series from the other side, for example research on characterization,

character psychology, and social values in literary works.