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Python Data Structures Overview

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24 views4 pages

Python Data Structures Overview

Uploaded by

padhako.harsh
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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📘 Python Lecture: Data Structures

1. Introduction to Data Structures


● A data structure is a way of organizing and storing data in a
computer so that it can be used efficiently.

● Think of it like containers for data:

○ A box for books 📚

○ A drawer for clothes 👕

○ A dictionary for words 📖

👉 The choice of data structure affects how fast and efficient a program is.

2. Why Do We Need Data Structures?


● To store large amounts of data in a systematic way.

● To access, modify, and manage data quickly.

● To perform operations like searching, sorting, inserting, and deleting


efficiently.

● To solve real-world problems (banking, shopping apps, search


engines, etc.).

3. Types of Data Structures


🔹 1. Primitive Data Structures
These are the basic building blocks.

● int → numbers

● float → decimal numbers

● str → text

● bool → True/False

Example:

age = 17
pi = 3.14
name = "Amit"
is_student = True

🔹 2. Non-Primitive (or Composite) Data Structures


Built using primitive data types.

(A) Linear Data Structures

Data is stored in a sequence.

● Lists → ordered, changeable/ Mutable

● Tuples → ordered, unchangeable/ Immutable

● Stacks → last in, first out (LIFO)

● Queues → first in, first out (FIFO)

👉 Example (list):

marks = [90, 85, 78, 92]


print(marks[0]) # 90
(B) Non-Linear Data Structures

Data is not in a sequence, but in hierarchical or interconnected form.

● Sets → unordered, unique values

● Dictionaries → key-value pairs

👉 Example (dictionary):

student = {"name": "Amit", "age": 17, "class": "XII"}


print(student["name"]) # Amit

4. Comparison of Data Structures


Data Ordere Mutabl Allows Example Use
Structure d? e? Duplicates?
List ✅ Yes ✅ Yes ✅ Yes Store marks of
students
Tuple ✅ Yes ❌ No ✅ Yes Store coordinates
(x, y)
Set ❌ No ✅ Yes ❌ No Store unique
subjects
Dictionary ❌ No ✅ Yes Keys ❌, Values Store student
✅ records
5. Real-Life Analogies
● List → To-do list 📝 (ordered, can change)

● Tuple → Date of birth 🎂 (fixed, cannot change)

● Set → Basket of fruits 🍎🍌🍊 (no duplicates)

● Dictionary → Phone directory 📱 (name → number)

6. Practice Questions
1. What is a data structure? Why is it important?

2. Differentiate between primitive and non-primitive data structures.

3. Give 2 examples each of linear and non-linear data structures.

4. Which data structure would you use to:

○ Store a shopping list?

○ Store roll numbers with names?

○ Store a student’s birthdate?

○ Store a set of unique books?

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