PROBLEM 1

Each of the rods BD and CE is made of brass (E =

105 GPa) and has a cross-sectional area of 200 mm2.
Determine the deflection of end A of the rigid
member ABC caused by the 2-kN load.

SOLUTION
Let  be the rotation of member ABC as shown.

Then  A = 0.6251  B = 0.0751  C = 0.1

PBD LBD
But  B =
AE
EA B (105  109 )(200  10 −6 )(0.075 )
PBD = =
LBD 0.225

= 7  106 

Free body ABC: PCE LCE

C =
AE
EA C (105  109 )(200  10 −6 )(0.1  )
PCE = =
LCE 0.225

= 9.3333  106 

From free body of member ABC:

 MF = 0 : (0.625)(2000) − 0.075PBD − 0.1PCE = 0

or (0.625)(2000) − 0.075(7  106  ) − 0.1(9.3333  106  ) = 0

 = 0.85714  10−3 rad
and  A = 0.625 = 0.625(0.85714 10−3 ) = 0.53571 10−3 m

 A = 0.536 mm  ◄
 PROBLEM 2

Knowing that a 0.02-in. gap exists when the temperature is

75 F, determine (a) the temperature at which the normal stress
in the aluminum bar will be equal to 11 ksi, (b) the
corresponding exact length of the aluminum bar.

SOLUTION

 a = −11 ksi = −11  103 psi

P = − a Aa = (11  103 )(2.8) = 30.8  103 lb

Shortening due to P:

PLb PLa
P = +
Eb Ab Ea Aa
(30.8  103 )(14) (30.8  103 )(18)
= +
(15  106 )(2.4) (10.6  106 )(2.8)
= 30.657  10−3 in.
Available elongation for thermal expansion:
T = 0.02 + 30.657  10−3 = 50.657  10−3 in.
But T = Lbb (T ) + La a (T )
= (14)(12  10−6 )(T ) + (18)(12.9  10−6 )(T ) = (400.2  10−6 )T
Equating, (400.2  10−6 )T = 50.657  10−3 T = 126.6F
(a) Thot = Tcold + T = 75 + 126.6 = 201.6F Thot = 201.6F ◄

PLa
(b)  a = La a (T ) −
Ea Aa

(30.8  103 )(18)

= (18)(12.9  10−6 )(126.6) − = 10.712  10−3 in.
(10.6  106 )(2.8)
Lexact = 18 + 10.712  10−3 = 18.0107 in. L = 18.0107 in. ◄
 PROBLEM 3

A polystyrene rod consisting of two cylindrical portions AB and

BC is restrained at both ends and supports two 6-kip loads as
shown. Knowing that E = 0.45  106 psi, determine (a) the
reactions at A and C, (b) the normal stress in each portion of the
rod.

SOLUTION
(a) We express that the elongation of the rod is zero

PAB LAB PBC LBC

= 
+

=0
d2 E
4 AB 4
2
d BC E
But PAB = + RA PBC = − RC
Substituting and simplifying,
RA LAB RC LBC
2
− 2 =0
d AB d BC
2
 d BC 
2
LAB 25  2 
RC =   RA =   RA
LBC  AB 
d 15  1.25 
RC = 4.2667 RA
(1)
From the free body diagram, RA + RC = 12 kips (2)
Substituting (1) into (2), 5.2667RA = 12
RA = 2.2785 kips RA = 2.28 kips  ◄
From (1), RC = 4.2667(2.2785) = 9.7217 kips
RC = 9.72 kips  ◄
PAB + RA 2.2785
(b)  AB = = =  AB = +1.857 ksi ◄
AAB AAB 4 (1.25)2

PBC − RC −9.7217
 BC = = =
 (2) 2
 BC = −3.09 ksi ◄
ABC ABC 4

PROBLEM 4

A decrease in temperature causes the steel rod to contract (i.e., get shorter). If the rod were
not connected to rigid walls, the steel rod would contract freely, without inducing any forces
or stresses.
Since the rod is connected to immovable supports, the contraction that would have resulted
from a temperature decrease is counteracted by a tension force developed in the rod. The
magnitude of this tension force is such that it causes the rod to elongate exactly the same
amount as it would have contracted if it had been allowed to deform freely.
In this problem, the magnitude of the temperature decrease is unknown. However, the
magnitude of the allowable force that can be induced in the steel rod is limited by the capacity
of the bolted connection.
𝐹𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡
𝜏𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 =
𝐴𝑣
𝜋
𝐴𝑣 = 2 × (15)2 = 353.43 𝑚𝑚2
4
Since the bolt is in double shear, the area subjected to shear stress is two times the cross-
sectional area of the diameter bolt.
𝐹𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 = 𝜏𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 × 𝐴𝑣
𝑁
𝐹𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 = (70 ) × (353.43𝑚𝑚2 ) = 24,740𝑁
𝑚𝑚2
Since the assembly is connected to rigid walls (meaning that the walls do not move), the
overall deformation must equal zero. In other words, δ=0.
The following equation gives the force-temperature-deformation relationship for an axial
member:
𝐹𝐿
𝛿= + 𝛼∆𝑇𝐿
𝐴𝐸
𝐹𝐿
+ 𝛼∆𝑇𝐿 = 0
𝐴𝐸
𝐹𝐿 1
∆𝑇 = − ×
𝐴𝐸 𝛼𝐿
𝐹 24740𝑁
∆𝑇 = − =−
𝛼𝐴𝐸 200,000𝑁
(12 × 10−6 /°𝐶)(314.16 𝑚𝑚2 )( )
𝑚𝑚2
= −32.8 °𝐶
After the temperature of the assembly has decreased by 32.8 ∘C, a tension force of F=24,740 N
is induced in the steel rod. This force, in turn, pulls on the 15−mm diameter bolt, creating a
shear stress of 70 MPa in the bolt.
Ans.
PROBLEM 5

A 6-mm-thick rectangular alloy bar is subjected to a tensile load P by pins at A and B. The
width of the bar is w = 30 mm. Strain gages bonded to the specimen measure the following
strains in the longitudinal (x) and transverse (y) directions: εx = 1,525 me and εy = −540
me.
a) Determine Poisson’s ratio for this specimen.
b) If the measured strains were produced by an axial load of P = 27.5 kN, what is the
modulus of elasticity for this specimen?

SOLUTION