D”P gva¨wgK ● K…wlwkÿv (cÖ_g cÎ) ● Aa¨vqwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi

cÂg Aa¨vq : gvV I D`¨vb dmj Drcv`b

1. ewki wgqv Zvi evwoi GKcv‡k dwi`cyix, Zv‡nicyix, AvMvQv `gb : AvMvQv nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ `gb Ki‡Z
iæwP Avi‡q›U BZ¨vw` Ges Ab¨cv‡k RvcvwbR, †evì n‡e| †mB mv‡_ wbovwb w`‡q gvwU AvjMv K‡i w`‡Z
R¨vgvBKv, †KvwPb Ges AvwdªKvb Rv‡Zi gmjv Pvl n‡e|
K‡ib| AvšÍtcwiPh©v :
K. gvjwPs Kx? i. cy®ú`Ð KvUv : cy®ú`Ð ev Kwj GKUy eo n‡jB
L. imyb Pv‡l Kxiƒc gvwUi cª‡qvRb? †f‡O w`‡Z n‡e| Kwj †f‡O w`‡j wcuqvR eo
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ GK cv‡ki gmjvi Pvl c×wZ nq, cyó nq, SvuS †ewk nq I ¸YMZ gvb ev‡o|
e¨vL¨v Ki| †eøW ev Qywi w`‡q| cy®ú`Ð KvUv hvq|
N. DÏxc‡K Ab¨cv‡k PvlK…Z gmjvi †ivMevjvB I ii. †Mvov †f‡O †`Iqv : wcuqvR msMª‡ni 10-12
†cvKvgvKo `g‡b Kx e¨e¯’v wb‡e Zv Av‡jvPbv w`b Av‡M KjvMvQ ev gB wcuqvR †¶‡Zi Dci
Ki| w`‡q †U‡b wb‡j Mv‡Qi †Mvov †f‡O hvq| G‡Z
1 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi wcuqv‡Ri ¸YMZ gvb fv‡jv nq|
K. gvwUi Av`ª©Zv I cywó msi¶‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ Gi iii. gvjwPs : gvwUi ¯Íi †f‡O w`‡q Ges Lo ev
Dcwifv‡M av‡bi Lo, jZvcvZv, KPywicvbv BZ¨vw` gvjwPs `ªe¨ w`‡q gvwU †X‡K w`‡j im msi¶Y
ˆRe c`v_© w`‡q †X‡K †`Iqv‡KB gvjwPs e‡j| _v‡K|
L. imyb Pv‡li Rb¨ †`vAvuk I †e‡j-‡`vAvuk gvwU †cvKv I †ivM `gb : wcuqv‡Ri †ivMevjvB Kg nq|
me‡P‡q Dc‡hvMx Z‡e Gu‡Uj I Gu‡Uj-†`vAvuk Z‡e Rve‡cvKv I w_ªcm Øviv AvµvšÍ n‡Z cv‡i| Giv
gvwU‡ZI imyb R‡b¥, mywb®‹vwkZ, ˆRe c`v_©c~Y© DuPy cvZvi im †kvlY K‡i| Rve‡cvKv KwP WMv, cy®ú,
Rwg imyb Pv‡li Rb¨ DËg| Kv‡Ði im †kvlY K‡i| G¸‡jv `g‡bi Rb¨ QvB
M. DÏxc‡K GK cv‡ki gmjv¸‡jv n‡jv wcqv‡Ri RvZ, wQUv‡bv I cvwb †¯úª Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Aby‡gvw`Z
wcuqv‡Ri Pvlc×wZ wb‡P e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡jv- KxUbvkK cª‡qvM K‡iI G¸‡jv `gb Kiv hvq|
Rwg ˆZwi : Rwg 5-6wU Pvl I gB w`‡q gvwU SyiSyiv N. DÏxc‡Ki Ab¨cv‡ki PvlK…Z gmjv n‡jv Av`vi
K‡i| mgZj K‡i ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq| AvMvQv, gqjv- RvZ| Av`vi †ivMevjvB I †cvKvgvKo `g‡b †hme
AveR©bv cwi®‹vi K‡i cywo‡q w`‡j ˆRe mv‡ii KvR e¨e¯’v wb‡Z n‡e Zv wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv-
Ki‡e| †cvKvgvKo : Av`vq gvRiv †cvKv I cvZv †gvov‡bv
exR †kvab : exRevwnZ †ivM cªwZ‡iv‡ai Rb¨ cªwZ †cvKvi AvµgY n‡j KxUbbvkK †¯úª Ki‡Z n‡e|
†KwR exR 2 Mªvg wfUv‡f·/†cªvf¨v·-200 Øviv †ivMevjvB : K‡›`i cPb †iv‡ai Rb¨ ec‡bi
†kvab Ki‡Z nq| †iv‡` GK NÈv exR ïwK‡qI QÎvKbvkK Øviv exR †kvab K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
†kvab Kiv hvq| 1. cvZv †gvov‡bv †cvKv : †cvKv gywo‡q †fZ‡i
exR nvi : exR wQwU‡q ecb Ki‡j cªK…Z exR cªwZ †_‡K cvZvi im I meyR Ask Lvq| cvZv Av‡¯Í
†n±‡i 6-7 †KwR, K›` †ivcY Ki‡j 1200-1500 Av‡¯Í Sj‡m hvq|
†KwR I Pviv ˆZwii Rb¨ exR ecb 3-4 †KwR cªK…Z `gb : Kve©vwij 2.32 Mªvg/WvB‡g‡_v‡qU 2
exR cª‡qvRb| wgwj/wj. cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q †¯úª Ki‡Z n‡e|
†ivcY c×wZ : wcuqvR ex‡Ri gva¨‡g, K›` †ivcY I 2. Av`vi K›` cPv †ivM : el©vKv‡j Mv‡Qi D”PZv
Pvivi gva¨‡gI Pvl Kiv nq| 4-6 †[Link].-Gi mgq wb‡Pi cvZvi cªvšÍfv‡M
mvi cª‡qvM : Rwg †kl Pv‡li mgq m¤ú~Y© †Mvei, cª_‡g nvjKv njy`vf n‡q cÎdj‡Ki w`‡K
wUGmwc I wRcmvg Ges BDwiqv I Ggwc mv‡ii we¯Ívi jvf K‡i| cvZvi ga¨fvM n‡Z wKbvivi
A‡a©K gvwUi mv‡_ wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e| w`‡K µgk njy`vf nq Ges mg¯Í cvZv wSwg‡q
†mP I wbKvk : †mP w`‡j wcuqv‡Ri djb ev‡o| c‡o| K›` big n‡q dy‡j D‡V Ges MvQ Uvb
Rjve×Zvq ¶wZ nq| gvwU‡Z im bv _vK‡j nvjKv w`‡j D‡V Av‡m|
†mP w`‡Z n‡e| wcuqvR msMª‡ni 15 w`b Av‡M †mP `gb : cvwb wbKvk| g¨vb‡Kv‡Ri + †gUvjw·j
eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e| 2 Mªvg ev Kv‡e©ÛvwRg 1 Mªvg/wjUvi cvwb‡Z
wgwk‡q K›` 30 wgwbU Wywe‡q †i‡L Qvqvq
 ïwK‡q wb‡q †ivcY Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e †ivM †`Lv Rwg‡Z Avgb avb Pvl Kivi wm×všÍ †bb| Zvi GB
w`‡j Kcvi RvZxq QÎvKbvkK 15-20 w`b wm×všÍwU m¤ú~Y© mwVK wQj KviY Avgb avb el©vKvjxb
cici 2-3 evi †Mvov wfwR‡q †¯úª Ki‡Z n‡e| dmj| wbPy I eb¨vi cvwb‡Z Wy‡e †M‡jB GB avb nq|
†ivM †`Lv gvÎ wi‡Wvwgj †Mvì 02% 12 w`b GQvov eZ©gvb †cª¶vc‡U G ai‡bi av‡bi Pvl AwaK
cici Rwg‡Z †WªbwPs K‡i w`‡j `gb nq| cª‡qvRb| †Kbbv avb c…w_exi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
Lv`¨km¨| GwU evsjv‡`‡ki cªavb `vbv dmj| avb
2. Rwni GKRb `wi`ª K…lK| Zvi evwo wmivRMÄ †`‡ki Lv`¨ Pvwn`v c~i‡Y 95 fvM f~wgKv cvjb
†Rjvq| eb¨vi Kvi‡Y cªwZ eQi Zvi dmj Drcv`b Ki‡Q| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b †h nv‡i RbmsL¨v e…w× cv‡”Q,
e¨vnZ nq| wbPy Rwg‡Z Avgb av‡bi Pvl Kiv hvq †m nv‡i w`b w`b Lv`¨ Pvwn`vI e…w× cv‡”Q| eZ©gv‡b
e‡j wZwb Zvi Rwg‡Z Avgb avb Pvl Kivi wm×všÍ †gvU RbmsL¨vi A‡a©K Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e Pv‡ji Dci
†bb| wbf©ikxj| Avi GB wbf©ikxjZvi Rb¨ G‡`‡ki †gvU
K. av‡bi ˆeÁvwbK bvg Kx? Avev`x Rwgi cªvq 80% Rwg‡Z avb Pvl Kiv n‡q
L. Avev` †gŠmy‡gi Dci wfwË K‡i av‡bi _v‡K| RbmsL¨v e…w×i Kvi‡Y AwZwi³ emZevwoi
†kªwYwefvM Ki| Rb¨ Avevw` Rwgi cwigvY K‡g hv‡”Q| ZvB Gme
M. Rwni †h dmj Pv‡li wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Qb †mB Avevw` Rwg †_‡K Kxfv‡e Lv`¨ Pvwn`v c~iY Kiv hv‡e
dm‡ji †cvKv `gb c×wZ eY©bv Ki| Zvi Rb¨ weÁvbxiv AK¬všÍ cwikªg K‡i hv‡”Qb| ¯^í
N. eZ©gvb †cª¶vc‡U K…lK Rwn‡ii wm×všÍ KZUyKy Avevw` Rwg‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q AwaK dmj Drcv`‡bi
mwVK? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki| j‡¶¨ wewfbœ Rv‡Zi av‡bi D™¢e Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvi
2 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi cwi‡cªw¶‡Z †`wk ev ¯’vbxq RvZ Pvl bv K‡i
K. av‡bi ˆeÁvwbK bvg- Oryza sativa| D”Pdjbkxj, Drcv`b ¶gZv †ewk, eb¨v mwnòy I
L. Avev` †gŠmy‡gi Dci wfwË K‡i av‡bi RvZmg~n‡K †ivM cªwZ‡iva ¶gZvm¤úbœ av‡bi RvZ Pvl Kiv
wZbfv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| h_v- cª‡qvRb| hv‡Z cªvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡MI dm‡ji ¶wZ
1. †ev‡iv †gŠmy‡g Pvl‡hvM¨ av‡bi RvZ| KvwU‡q DV‡Z cv‡i| ZvB DÏxc‡K Rwni GmKj
2. AvDk †gŠmy‡g Pvl‡hvM¨ av‡bi RvZ| welq we‡ePbv K‡i D”Pdjbkxj, Drcv`b ¶gZv
3. Avgb †gŠmy‡g Pvl‡hvM¨ av‡bi RvZ| †ewk, †ivM †cvKvgvK‡oi AvµgY Kg, eQ‡ii
M. Rwni Avgb avb Pv‡li wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Qb| Avgb av‡bi †h‡Kv‡bv mg‡q Pvl Kiv hvq, cªvK…wZK `y‡h©vM
†cvKv `gb c×wZ wb‡P eY©bv Kiv n‡jv- cªwZ‡iva Ges djbI A‡bK †ewk Ggb Rv‡Zi Avgb
hvwš¿K e¨e¯’vcbv : avb Pvl Kivi wm×všÍ MªnY K‡ib| A_©vr Zvi GB
1. cwiwgZ mvi e¨envi K‡i AwaKvsk †cvKv wm×všÍwU h_v_© †hŠw³K wQj|
2. nvZRvj Øviv - cvgwi I Ab¨vb¨ †cvKv
3. Rwg‡Z Pviv †ivc‡bi mwVK `~iZ¡ e¨envi K‡i 3. Wvj AvKv‡ki wcªq Lvev‡ii g‡a¨ GKwU| AvKv‡ki
†cvKv wbab evev AvKvk‡K ej‡jb †h, Zv‡`i Rwg‡Z G eQi
4. Rwgi cvwb †ei K‡i w`‡q Pyw½ †cvKvmn Ab¨vb¨ gmy‡ii Wvj Pvl Kiv n‡e| AvKv‡ki evev AviI
†cvKv wbab ej‡jb, Wvj ¯^í g~‡j¨ Avwg‡li Afve c~iY K‡i e‡j
cªwZ‡ivag~jK e¨e¯’vi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q : Wvj‡K Mwi‡ei gvsm ejv nq|
1. †cvKv AvµgY cªwZ‡iva Rv‡Zi Pvl †hgb- K. gmyi Wv‡ji ˆeÁvwbK bvg Kx?
Pvw›`bv I weªkvBj Rv‡Zi av‡b gvRiv †cvKvi L. wPwb Drcv`bKvix dm‡ji ˆewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki|
AvµgY Kg nq| M. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ dm‡ji A_©‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡
2. mylg gvÎvi mvi cª‡qvM I Rwg AvMvQvgy³ ivLv| eY©bv Ki|
ivmvqwbK c×wZ : N. AvKv‡ki evevi wm×všÍ Mªn‡Yi †hŠw³KZv
†cvKvi cªKvi I Avµg‡Yi ZxeªZvi wfwˇZ †cvKv g~j¨vqb Ki|
`g‡b mvBcvi‡gw_ªb, †K¬v‡ivcvBwidg, WvBwg‡_v‡ii, 3 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
wbg‡Zj cªf…wZ Ilya 1-3 [Link]./wjUvi cvwb 7-10 K. gmyi Wv‡ji ˆeÁvwbK bvg-Lens culinaris.
w`b AšÍi 2-3 evi †¯úª Ki‡Z n‡e| L. wPwb Drcv`bKvix dm‡j ˆewkó¨ wbgœiƒc-
N. Rwni GKRb `wi`ª K…lK| eb¨vi Kvi‡Y cªwZeQi Zvi i. Giv eûel©Rxex I Liv mn¨Kvix Dw™¢`|
dmj Drcv`b e¨vnZ nIqvq wZwb Zvi GB wbPy
 ii. Giv mv‡jvKms‡kølY cªwµqvq Møy‡KvR ˆZwi K‡i gy`ªvi AcPq A‡bKvs‡k mvkªq Kiv m¤¢e| GQvovI
Kv‡W© Rgv iv‡L| Wvj RvZxq dm‡ji Avev` cwi‡ek `~lY‡iva K‡i I
iii. Giv Wvjcvjvnxb, g~j, ¸”Qg~j cªK…wZi Ges gvwUi ¯^v¯’¨ i¶v K‡i weavq cieZ©x dmj Drcv`‡b
KvÐ Lye k³ nq| mv‡ii cwigvY Zyjbvg~jK Kg cª‡qvRb nq| †`kxq
iv. A½R Dcv‡i eske…w× K‡i Ges Av‡Li †Mvov Lvevi Wvj Drcv`‡bi 95% Av‡m Wvj RvZxq dmj
†_‡K gywo AvL Pvl Kiv hvq| †_‡K| Aí Rwg‡Z I Kg wewb‡qv‡M GB dmj
M. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ dmj Wvj| Wvj dmj mvgwMªK I Avev‡`i gva¨‡g RxweKv wbe©vn Ges gv_vwcQy Avq e…w×
cywóMZfv‡e AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡ enb K‡i| wb‡P WvjRvZxq Kiv m¤¢e nq| km¨ eûgyLxKiY, wgkª dmj, AšÍe©i&Zx
dm‡ji A_©‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡ eY©bv Kiv n‡jv- dmj, evwYwR¨K Ges †UKmB K…wl cªKí ev¯Íevq‡b
i. Wvj dmj Dw™¢¾ †cªvwU‡bi cªavb Drm WvjRvZxq dmj h‡_ó Ae`vb iv‡L| ZvB GmKj
(cªRvwZ‡f‡` Wv‡j 20-30% Avwgl _v‡K)| welq we‡ePbvq AvKv‡ki evevi gmyi Wvj Pv‡li
ii. Avwg‡li mnRZg I ¯^íg~j¨ cªvß GKgvÎ Drm wm×všÍ AZ¨šÍ †hŠw³K wQj|
Wvj, hv w`‡q `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôxi cywó¯^íZv `~i
Kiv, m¤¢e| 4. gvBbyj mv‡ne dwi`cyi †Rjvi GKRb wkw¶Z K…lK|
iii. Wvj wjwMDg RvZxq dmj, ZvB Wvj b`xi wZwb XvKvq †eov‡Z G‡m evwYR¨ †gjvq †M‡jb|
Pimn Ab¨vb¨ Abye©i Rwg‡Z mn‡RB Aí Li‡P †gjvi GKwU ÷‡j cvURvZ `ªe¨ †`‡L wZwb cvU Pv‡l
Pvl Kiv hvq| AvMªnx n‡jb Ges c‡ii eQi Zvi Rwg‡Z cvU Pv‡li
wm×všÍ wb‡jb|
iv. Wvj dmj evZv‡mi bvB‡Uªv‡Rb‡K mseÜb K‡i
K. evsjv‡`‡ki cªavb A_©Kix dmj †KvbwU?
gvwU‡Z †`q e‡j BDwiqv mv‡ii e¨envi Kwg‡q
L. wRwbs AvDU Uvb ej‡Z Kx †evS?
†`q|
M. gvBbyj mv‡ne †h dmj Pv‡li wm×všÍ wb‡jb †mB
v. Wvj dmj Ab¨ dm‡ji mv‡_ mv_x dmj
dm‡ji A_©‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡ eY©bv Ki|
wn‡m‡eI Avev` Kiv hvq (†hgb- mwilv, wZwm,
N. 'cvU Pvl DcvR©‡bi GKwU DËg c_'-
AvL, Mg BZ¨vw`) d‡j AwZwi³ Avevw` Rwgi
DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Dw³wU we‡kølY Ki|
cª‡qvRb nq bv|
4 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
Dc‡iv³ Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡cªw¶‡Z ejv hvq, Avgv‡`i
K. evsjv‡`‡ki cªavb A_©Kix dmj cvU|
†`‡ki `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôxi cywói gvb eRvq ivL‡Z Ges
L. exRZyjvi Avuk I ex‡Ri AbycvZ‡K wRwbs AvDU Uvb
Rwgi De©iZv e…w× Wvj RvZxq dm‡ji ¸iæZ¡
ev (Got) e‡j| Got 35% ej‡Z †evSvq 100 †KwR
Acwimxg|
ZyjvexR wRwbs Ki‡j 35 †KwR Avuk ev wj›U cvIqv
cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, Avwg‡li Pvwn`v c~iY Ges
hvq|
A_©‰bwZK w`K w`‡q †`‡ki Dbœq‡bi WvjRvZxq
dm‡ji Pvlvev` evov‡bv GKvšÍ cª‡qvRb| Got = (Avuk x 100) / exRZyjv
N. AvKv‡ki evevi wm×všÍ Mªn‡Yi †hŠw³KZv wb‡P mvaviYZ 32%-35% Zyjv wRwbs K‡i msMªn Kiv nq
g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡jv- Ges GB nvi‡K wRwbs kZvsk e‡j| †hme Rv‡Zi
AvKv‡ki evev G eQi Zvi Rwg‡Z gmyi Wvj Pv‡li Avu‡ki ˆ`N¨© †ewk Zv‡`i wRwbs kZvsk Kg Ges ˆ`N¨©
wm×všÍ †bb| gmyi Wvj RvZxq dmj| Avi Wvj‡K †QvU n‡j wRwbs kZvsk †ewk nq|
Mix‡ei gvsm ejv nq| KviY Wvj Avgv‡`i †`‡ki M. gvBbyj mv‡ne cvU Pv‡li wm×všÍ wb‡jb| wb‡P cv‡Ui
RbM‡Yi AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Avwgl mg…× Lvevi| A_©‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡ eY©bv Kiv n‡jv-
Avwg‡li Afve c~i‡Y hviv A‡_©i Afv‡e gvQ gvsm cvU evsjv‡`‡ki cªavb A_©Kix ev evwYwR¨K dmj|
µq Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv Zviv mn‡RB ¯^íg~‡j¨i Wvj µq cvUMv‡Qi Qvj †_‡K †h Zš‘ ˆZwi nq Zv‡K ¯^Y©Zš‘
Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Avgv‡`i wbZ¨ cª‡qvRbxq GB Lvev‡ii bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv hvq| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki Avq
Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨ cªwZeQi wecyj cwigvY ˆe‡`wkK Kiv ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvi kZKiv cªvq 30 fvMB cvU I
gy`ªv e¨‡q we‡`k †_‡K wewfbœ Wvj Avg`vwb Ki‡Z cvURvZ `ªe¨ idZvwbi gva¨‡g AwR©Z nq| Avwki
nq| Avgv‡`i †`‡k Drcvw`Z †gvU Wvj Pvwn`vi gvÎ `k‡K G nvi wQj 84%| eZ©gv‡b †`‡k I we‡`‡k
GK-Z…Zxqvsk c~iY Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvB Wvj RvZxq cªwZK~j Ae¯’vi cwi‡cªw¶‡Z I ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvi
dm‡ji Avev` I Drcv`b e…w×i gva¨‡g G ˆe‡`wkK wmsnfvM Avm‡Q cvU© I cvURvZ `ªe¨ †_‡K|
evsjv‡`‡ki K…lK‡`i Kv‡Q cvU Pvl A‡bK ¸iæZ¡
 enb K‡i| cvULwo K…lK‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Kv‡R †eov I L. evsjv‡`‡ki me GjvKv‡ZB Kyj Pvl Kiv m¤¢e
R¡vjvwb wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq| eZ©gv‡b cvULwo †Kb?
A‡bKUv bM` A_©Kix dm‡ji g‡Zv we‡ewPZ n‡”Q| M. DwjøwLZ dmj Pv‡l Lv‡j` mv‡ne †hfv‡e †ivM
†`‡k GLbI cvURvZ `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi Dc‡hvMx cªvq †cvKv e¨e¯’vcbv K‡ib Zv e¨vL¨v Ki|
80wUi †ewk cvUKj i‡q‡Q| K…wli m‡½ RwoZ N. Lv‡j` mv‡ne †hfv‡e jvfevb n‡jb Zv-
K…lK‡`i cªvq 70% K…lK cwievi cvU Pv‡li m‡½ g~j¨vqb Ki|
Ges wgj¸‡jv‡Z cªvq 3 j¶ kªwgK, Kg©Pvix I 5 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
e¨emvqx RwoZ, hviv †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK mg…wׇZ K. cvU MvQ KvUvi ci KvuPv _vKv Ae¯’vq MvQ †_‡K
cªZ¨¶ f~wgKv iv‡L| wdZvi Zv Qvj‡K c…_K K‡i c‡i cPv‡bvi e¨e¯’vB
N. 'cvU Pvl DcvR©‡bi GKwU DËg c_'- DÏxc‡Ki n‡jv wieb †iwUs|
Av‡jv‡K wb‡P Dw³wU we‡kølY Kiv n‡jv- L. evsjv‡`‡ki me GjvKv‡ZB Kyj Pvl m¤¢e KviY
gvBbyj mv‡ne XvKvq evwYR¨ †gjvq ÷‡j cvURvZ evsjv‡`‡ki AvenvIqv mgfvevcbœ| Avi Kyj
`ªe¨ †`‡L wZwb cvU Pv‡l AvMªnx n‡jb Ges c‡ii eQi mvaviYZ G ai‡bi AvenvIqvq fv‡jv R‡b¥| Bnv
Zvi Rwg‡Z cvU Pv‡li wm×všÍ wb‡jb| KviY cvU AwZ Mig, VvÐv, Liv I Rjve×Zv mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
eZ©gv‡b †`k we‡`‡k GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© evwYwR¨K I †h‡Kv‡bv ai‡bi gvwU‡Z fv‡jv R‡b¥| ZvB
idZvwb cY¨ wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ †c‡q‡Q| cvU KvuPv evsjv‡`‡ki me GjvKv‡ZB Kyj Pvl m¤¢e|
wn‡m‡e Ges cvU †_‡K cY¨ ˆZwi K‡i Dfqfv‡e M. †cqviv Pv‡l Lv‡j` mv‡ne †hfv‡e †ivM †cvKv
idZvwb K‡i D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cwigvY ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©b e¨e¯’vcbv Ki‡eb Zv wb‡P e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡jv-
Kiv hvq| †`‡k cvURvZ `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi Dc‡hvMx †cvKvgvKo : d‡ji gvwQ †cvKv, wgwjevM, KvÐ
cªvq 80wUi †ewk cvUKj i‡q‡Q| K…lK‡`i cªvq 70% wQ`ªKvix, Avuk †cvKv Aby‡gvw`Z wm‡÷wgK
K…lK cwievi cvU Pv‡li m‡½ hy³| cvU Mv‡Qi evjvBbvkK Øviv `gb Kiv hvq|
m¤ú~Y©UvB wewfbœ Kv‡R e¨eüZ nq| cvU kvK I ïKbv †ivMevjvB: X‡j cov †ivM, K¨vsKvi †ivM, Wvj
cvZv †ivM mvivq I cªwZ‡iva K‡i| cvU w`‡q PU, ïKv‡bv †ivM, ¸wU †gvì, G¨vb_ªvK‡bvR, DB›U,
Kv‡c©U, e¯Ív, KywUi wkí, `wo BZ¨vw` ˆZwi Kiv hvq| wjd¯úU I ¯‹¨ve †ivM `g‡b cwiPh©v I QÎvKbvkK
d‡j G e¨e¯’vi mv‡_ RwoZ †`‡ki j¶vwaK †jvK e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
wb‡qvwRZ †_‡K Zv‡`i RxweKv wbe©v‡ni c_ Lyu‡R i. †cqvivi gvwQ :
†c‡q‡Q| GQvov cvU e¯¿ ˆZwi cªavb KvuPvgvj, `gb c×wZ :
KvMRwk‡í, cvU Lwoi Pvwn`v I `vg †ewk _vKvq K. wel‡Uvc (100 Mªvg cvKv Kjv †_uZjv‡bv + 5
G¸‡jv wewµ K‡i A_© DcvR©b Kiv nq| `k©bxq e¯Íy Mªvg Kve©vwij/GgAvBwcwm + 100 [Link]. cvwb
I KywUi wk‡íi Kv‡R †`‡ki cªwZwU †Rjv I GK‡Î wgkv‡bv)/‡d‡ivgb dvu`/†eBU Uª¨vM
Dc‡Rjvi ch©v‡q cvU µq-weµq †K›`ª Pvjy n‡q‡Q| ˆZwi K‡i djhy³ kvLvi cv‡k Sywj‡q w`‡Z
wewfbœ cvURvZ cY¨ ˆZwi‡Z eZ©gv‡b j¶ j¶ n‡e| 3-5 w`b cici cvwë‡q w`‡Z n‡e|
†jv‡Ki, Kg©ms¯’v‡bi c_ Lyu‡R †c‡q‡Q Ges A‡b‡KB L. WvB‡g‡_v‡qU / †Wëv‡_v‡qU /WvqvbvwgK 2
Avw_©Kfv‡e m”Qj n‡q‡Q| Dchy³ GKvwaK Kvi‡Y wgwj. / wj. cvwb‡Z wg‡k‡q †¯úª Ki‡Z n‡e|
ejv hvq, gvBbyj mv‡n‡ei cvU Pv‡l DcvR©‡bi GKwU ii. †cqviviv QvZiv †cvKv :
DËg c_ myMg n‡e| `gb c×wZ :
K. AvµvšÍ Wvj-cvZv †Qu‡U cywo‡q w`‡Z n‡e|
5. SvjKvwVi Lv‡j` mv‡ne GKRb L¨vZbvgv †cqviv Mv‡Qi †Mvov gvwU †_‡K 15-20 †mwg. Dc‡i
Pvwl| jvfRbK e¨emv nIqvq wZwb Ab¨vb¨ dm‡ji ¯^”Q cwjw_b w`‡q gywo‡q w`‡Z n‡e| hv‡Z
cwie‡Z© Zvi Rwg‡Z DbœZ Rv‡Zi †cqviv Pvl K‡ib| wgwjevM Mv‡Q DV‡Z bv cv‡i|
†cqviv Pv‡li Rb¨ mvi I †mP e¨e¯’vcbv, †ivM †cvKv L. Bwg‡Wv‡K¬v‡ivwcW wgwj. / Gwm‡dU 1 Mªvg /
`gbmn hveZxq cwiPh©v wZwb mgqg‡Zv I mwVK Wvq‡g‡_v‡qU 2 wgwj. cªwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z
c×wZ‡Z K‡ib| †gŠmy‡gi mgq wZwb kZ kZ gY wgwk‡q †¯úª Ki‡Z n‡e|
†cqviv XvKvi evRv‡i Pvjvb K‡i cªPyi UvKv Avq iii. †cqvivi X‡j cov †ivM :
K‡ib| `gb c×wZ :
K. wieb †iwUs Kx?
 evMv‡bi gvwU‡Z A¤øZ¡ Kgv‡bvi Rb¨ : gvwU‡Z Pyb M. Rwgj wgqv mqvweb Pvl K‡i jvfevb nIqvi
cª‡qvM, UªvB‡KvWvg©v e¨envi Kiv, †iv‡Mi cªv_wgK KviY we‡kølY Ki|
¯Í‡i QÎvKbvkK †¯úª Kiv| N. evejy mqvweb †Zj ˆZwi ev `vbv wewµi e¨e¯’v
iv. A¨vb_ªvK‡bvR †ivM : Ki‡Z cv‡i wb †Kb we‡kølY Ki|
`gb c×wZ : 6 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
dj gUi`vbvi b¨vq n‡j †cªvwc‡KvbvRj 0.5 K. †j¸wg‡bvwm cwiev‡ii wjwMDg RvZxq bvB‡Uªv‡Rb
wgwj/Kv‡e©ÛvwRg 1 Mªvg cªwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q msenbKvix WvjRvZxq `vbv dmj‡K wjMDwgbvm km¨
15 w`b AšÍi AšÍi 3-4 evi †¯úª Ki‡Z n‡e| Mv‡Qi e‡j|
wb‡Pi Siv cvZv I msMªn K‡i cy‡o w`‡Z n‡e| L. †ZjRvZxq dm‡ji cª‡qvRbxqZv Acwimxg| †Kbbv
N. DÏxc‡K Lv‡j` mv‡ne †cqvivi Pvl K‡ib| dj Pvl Avgv‡`i †`‡k Lv`¨`ªe¨ cªwµqvRvZKi‡Y wKsev
K‡i †hfv‡e jvfevb n‡jb Zv g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡jv- ivbœvq †Z‡ji cª‡qvRbxqZv i‡q‡Q| gvby‡li cywó‡Z
i. Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e dj : dj gvbeRvwZi cª_g I †Zj I Pwe©i f~wgKv' i‡q‡Q; hv †Zj exR †_‡K cvIqv
cªvPxbZg Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq| hvq| cªwZ Mªvg †Zj ev Pwe© †_‡K 9.3 wK‡jvK¨vjwi
ii. ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©‡b : wewfbœ ai‡bi dj cªwZ kw³ cvIqv hvq | †Zj wfUvwgb G, wW Ges †K Gi
eQi cªvq 5-6 nvRvi †g. Ub idZvwb K‡i 35- evnK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| ZvQvov AZ¨vek¨Kxq d¨vwU
40 wgwjqb gvwK©b Wjvi ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv Avq Gwm‡Wi Drm †Zj I Pwe© †Zj exR †_‡K †Zj
nq| Avni‡Yi ci DcRvZ wn‡m‡e ˆLj cvIqv hvq| ˆRe
iii. RvZxq Avq : †gvU Avevw`i 1-2 fvM Rwg‡Z mvi wKsev †MvLv`¨ wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv hvq|
dj Pvl n‡jI RvZxq Av‡qi kZKiv 10 fvM M. eZ©gv‡b mqvwe‡bi eûgyLx e¨env‡ii Rb¨ evRv‡i
dj †_‡K Av‡m| mqvwe‡bi e¨vcK Pvwn`v| ZvB Rwgj wgqv mqvweb Pvl
iv. Avw_©K jvf : M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q, 50 eQi K‡i Avw_©K jvfevb nb| wb‡P Rwgj wgqvi mqvweb
eq¯‹ GKwU dj MvQ Zvi mviv Rxe‡b Avgv‡`i Pv‡l jvfevb nIqvi KviY we‡kølY Kiv n‡jv-
†h DcKvi K‡i Zvi Avw_©K g~j¨ `vuovq cªvq 35 mqvweb w`‡q cªvq 36 cªKv‡ii Lv`¨ ˆZwi Kiv hvq|
jvL 40 nvRvi UvKv| cïcvwLi Lv`¨ ˆZwi‡ZI mqvweb e¨eüZ n‡”Q|
v. A_© mvkªq : †`‡k cªPyi dj Drcv`b nIqvq evRv‡i mqvwe‡bi e¨vcK Pvwn`v, hvi d‡j Rwgi wgqv
we‡`kx dj Kg Avg`vwb Ki‡Z nq| G‡Z mqvweb Pvl K‡i jvfevb n‡q‡Qb| mqvweb gvwUi
A‡_©i mvkªq nq| De©iZv evovq| eZ©gv‡b Rxe mvi ˆZwi‡Z mqvweb
e¨eüZ n‡”Q| mqvwe‡bi g‡Zv GZ Lv`¨gvbm¤úbœ
vi. cvwievwiK Avq e…w× : dj Pv‡li gva¨‡g
km¨ c…w_ex‡Z Avi †bB| mqvweb‡K Wvj I KvuPv
cvwievwiK Avq e…w× cvq I †eKviZ¡ `~i nq I
ZiKvwi wn‡m‡e LvIqv hvq| Avevi mqvweb iæwU
mvgvwRK gh©v`v e…w× cvq|
evbv‡ZI e¨eüZ nq| mqvwe‡bi nvjyqv, iæwU ZvQvov
vii. Avw_©K SyuwK Kg : gvV dmj cªvK…wZK `y‡h©vM,
mqv-wcuqvR, mqv-‡mgvB, mqv-PvcvwZ, mqv-m‡›`k I
†ivM evjvB, `vg Kg, Drcv`b LiP †ewk
mqv-`ya BZ¨vw` ˆZwi Kiv nq| wewfbœ iK‡gi mqv-
nIqvq Avw_©K ¶wZi m¤¢vebv †ewk| wKš‘
Lv`¨ we‡`‡k idZvwb n‡”Q| G‡Z ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv
djMv‡Q Gme SyuwK Kg|
AR©b n‡”Q| Gme Kvi‡YB Rwgj wgqv mqvweb Pvl
K‡i †ewk `v‡g wewµ K‡i Avw_©K jvfevb nq|
6. evejy Pvwli evwo ewikv‡j| K…wl m¤cÖmviY
N. eZ©gvb evRv‡i mqvweb †Z‡ji ch©vß Pvwn`v _vK‡jI
Awa`߇ii cªPvi-cªPvibvq evejy DØy× n‡q †Zj
evejy †Zj ev `vbv wewµi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| wb‡P
ˆZwii Avkvq mqvweb Pvl K‡i fv‡jv djb cvq| wKš‘
evejyi mqvwe‡bi †Zj ev `vbv wewµi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z bv
†Zj ˆZwi ev mqvweb `vbv wewµ Kivi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z
cvivi KviY e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡jv-
bv †c‡i †m Avi mqvweb Pvl K‡i bv| †bvqvLvjxi
eZ©gv‡b G·‡cjv‡i mqvweb †_‡K †Zj wb®‹vkb m¤¢e
Rwgj wgqv cªwZ eQiB mqvweb Pvl K‡i mqvweb wkí
bq e‡j evRv‡i mqvwe‡bi Pvwn`v Kg| ZvB evejy
GjvKvq wewµ K‡i jvfevb n‡”Qb|
mqvwe‡bi †Zj ev `vbv wewµ Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| mqvweb
K. wjwMDwgbvm km¨ Kx?
ex‡R 45 fvM Avwgl _v‡K Ges 19 †_‡K 22 fvM
L. †Zj RvZxq dmj †Kb cª‡qvRb e¨vL¨v Ki|
†Zj cvIqv hvq| AZ¨vaywbK wb®‹vkb h‡š¿i gva¨‡g Gi
exR †_‡K †Zj wb®‹vkb Kiv nq| Gi Rb¨ cªPyi
 cwigv‡Y exR cª‡qvRb| evsjv‡`‡k mqvwe‡bi jvfevb nb| wb‡P cvU Pv‡l Ryivb wgqvi jvfevb
Drcv`b 1.05 jvL Ub, hv cª‡qvRbxq cwigv‡Yi nIqvi KviY we‡kølY Kiv n‡jv-
Zyjbvq A‡bK Kg| ch©vß ex‡Ri Afv‡e GLb ch©šÍ A_©‰bwZK w`K we‡ePbv K‡i cvU‡K †mvbvwj Avuk
Avgv‡`i †`‡k mqvwe‡bi †Zj wb®‹vk‡bi KvR ïiæ ejv nq| Ryivb wgqv cvU Pvl K‡i jvfevb nIqvi
nqwb| Gi d‡j evRv‡i mqvwe‡bi Pvwn`v bv _vKvq Ab¨Zg KviY n‡”Q evsjv‡`‡k Drcvw`Z A_©Kix
evejy Zvi mqvweb †Zj ev `vbv wewµ Kivi e¨e¯’v dmj¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cv‡Ui ¯’vb kx‡l©| PU, Kv‡c©U, e¯Ív,
Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| KywUiwkí, `wo BZ¨vw` cvU© w`‡q ˆZwi nq| wewfbœ
KvMRwk‡í cv‡Ui e¨envi nq| cvULwoI †ek fv‡jv
7. Ryivb wgqv Zvi `yBwU Rwg‡Z wW-154 I wmwm 45 `v‡g wewµ Kiv hvq| cvU I Zyjvi wgkª‡Y e¯¿ ˆZwi
Rv‡Zi cvU Nb K‡i ecb K‡ib| wZwb wmwm 45 Kiv nq, hv cwi‡e‡k ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z| cvUcvZv mewR
Rv‡Zi cvU Avlvp gv‡m Ges wW-154 fv`ª gv‡m wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq| cvUkvK I ïKbv cvZv wewfbœ
Kv‡Ub| djbI wfbœ iKg nq| †m cvUkvK, cvULwo †ivM wbivgq K‡i I cªwZ‡ivaK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
I cvU wewµ K‡i jvfevb nb| ZvQvov cwi‡ek msi¶‡YI cv‡Ui f~wgKv Acwimxg|
K. gvwUi De©iZv Kx? we‡`‡k evsjv‡`‡ki cv‡Ui e¨vcK Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q|
L. Zyjvi wRwbs †Kb Kiv nq e¨vL¨v Ki| †`‡ki Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z cvU‡K we‡`‡k idZvwb Kiv
M. Ryivb wgqv wfbœ mg‡q cvU KvUvi KviY e¨vL¨v nq| AZx‡Z we‡k¦i 74-80 fvM cv‡Ui Pvwn`v
Ki| evsjv‡`k mieivn KiZ| eZ©gv‡b cªvq 24 fvM
N. Ryivb wgqvi cvU Pvl K‡i jvfevb nIqvi KviY cv‡Ui Pvwn`v evsjv‡`k mieivn K‡i| ZvB Ryivb
we‡kølY Ki| wgqv cvU Pvl K‡i †ewk `v‡g wewµ K‡i Avw_©Kfv‡e
7 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi jvfevb nb|
K. Dw™¢` ev dmj‡K Dchy³ cwigvY I Abycv‡Z
cª‡qvRbxq cywó Dcv`vb mieivn Kiv‡K I gvwU‡Z 8. myRb Wvwjqvi Wvej †kªwYi Rv‡Zi exR ecb K‡i
we`¨gvb _vKv‡K gvwUi De©iZv e‡j| Drcvw`Z Mv‡Q wm‡½j †kªwYi dyj †`‡L Amš‘ó nb|
L. Zyjv †_‡K exR I Avuk‡K Avjv`v Kivi cªwµqv‡K dyj we‡kl‡Ái civgk© wb‡j †m A½R Dcv‡q Pviv
wRwbs e‡j| gvV †_‡K exRZyjv msMªn Kivi ci eqb Drcv`‡bi K_v e‡jb| mygb A½R Dcv‡q Drcvw`Z
Kv‡R e¨env‡ii Rb¨ Zyjv wRwbs Kivi cª‡qvRb c‡o| Pviv †_‡K dyj Pvl K‡i mš‘ó nb|
M. wmwm 45 I wW-154 cv‡Ui `ywU wfbœ RvZ nIqvq G‡`i K. exR Kx?
ˆewkó¨I wfbœ iK‡gi| ZvB Ryivb wgqv wmwm 45 I L. exR‡kvab Kivi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki|
wW-154 wfbœ mg‡q Kv‡Ub| wb‡P Ryivb wgqvi wfbœ M. dyj we‡kl‡Ái civg‡k© m…Rb Kxfv‡e Pviv
mg‡q cvU KvUvi KviY we‡kølY Kiv n‡jv- Drcv`b K‡iwQ‡jb e¨vL¨v Ki|
wmwm 45 I wW-154 wfbœ mg‡q dyj †`q| cvU KvUv N. dyj Pvl K‡i myR‡bi Amš‘wói I mš‘wói KviY
dyj Avmvi Ici wbf©i K‡i| mvaviYZ cvUMv‡Q hLb we‡kølY Ki|
dyj Avmv ïiæ nq ZLb cvU KvU‡Z nq| fv‡jv 8 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
dj‡bi Rb¨ dyj Avmvi `yB mßv‡ni gv‡S cvU †K‡U K. Dw™¢‡`i eskwe¯Ív‡ii cªavb gva¨g exR| mvaviYZ
cvwb‡Z †fRv‡Z nq| G‡Z Avu‡ki gvbI fv‡jv nq| Dw™¢` Rb¥v‡bvi Rb¨ Dw™¢‡`i †h Ask e¨envi Kiv nq
wmwm 45 I wW-154 Rv‡Zi cv‡U h_vµ‡g Avlvp I Zv‡K exR e‡j|
fv`ª gv‡m dyj Av‡m| ZvQvov wmwm 45 AvMvg L. exR †kva‡bi Rb¨ nvZ mnbxq ZvcgvÎvi (52-55
ec‡bv‡hvMx| mvaviYZ GwU dvj&¸b gv‡m ecb| K‡i wWwMª †m.) Mig cvwb‡Z 15 wgwbU exR Wywe‡q ivL‡j
AvMvg KvU‡Z nq| Ab¨w`‡K wW-154 RvZwU ˆekvL RxevYygy³ nq| A_ev cªwZ †KwR avb exR 30 Mªvg
gv‡m ecb Kiv nq, ZvB wW-154 †K c‡i KvU‡Z nq| G‡Mªvmvb wRGb ev 20 Mªvg G‡Mªvmvb Gg QÎvKbvkK
ZvB Ryivb wgqv wmwm-45 I wW-154 †K wfbœ mg‡q wgwk‡q †kvab Kiv hvq| exR‡K †ivMRxevYy hy³ Kiv
Kv‡Ub| I my¯-’ mej Pviv Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ exR †kvab Kiv nq|
N. cv‡Ui eûgyLx e¨env‡ii Kvi‡Y cv‡Ui evRvig~j¨ M. dyj we‡kl‡Ái civg‡k© myRb g~jR K›`, kvLv Kjg
A‡bK †ewk| cv‡Ui Drcv`b LiP Kg Ges Drcv`b Ges †Rvov Kj‡gi mvnv‡h¨ Wvwjqvi eskwe¯Ívi
†ewk nIqvq| Ryivb wgqv cvU Pvl K‡i Avw_©Kfv‡e K‡ib| wb‡P Zv e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡jv-
 g~jR K›` : dvêyb †_‡K ˆPÎ gv‡m MvQ dyj †`Iqv M. iwdKyj Bmjv‡gi AvL †ivc‡Yi c×wZ we‡kølY
eÜ K‡i| Mv‡Qi cvZv I WvuUv ïwK‡q hvq| GB mgq Ki|
K›` cwicK¡ nq Ges msMª‡ni Dc‡hvMx nq| gvwUi N. ReŸv‡ii KiYxq Kx wQj GLb KiYxq Kx
wbP †_‡K A¶Z Ae¯’vq K›` Zy‡j evZv‡m ïwK‡q ﮋ we‡kølY Ki|
evwj‡Z msi¶Y Ki‡Z nq| fv`ª-Avwk¦b gv‡m A‡a©K 9 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
gvwU I A‡a©K evwj wgwkÖZ exRZjvq jvwM‡q K. gvZ…Mv‡Qi †Mvov †_‡K †ei nIqv bZyb PvivMvQ, hv
cwigvYg‡Zv cvwb w`‡Z nq| d‡j K‡›`i †PvL †_‡K e…w×i cª_g ch©v‡q gvZ…MvQ †_‡KB Lv`¨ MªnY K‡i
bZyb Pviv †ei nq| Zv‡K mvKvi e‡j|
kvLv Kjg : Avwk¦b I AMªnvqY Wvwjqvi kvLv Kj‡gi L. AvukRvZxq dmj Pvl Kivi KviY wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jv-
Dc‡hvMx mgq| g~jR K‡›` Rb¥v‡bv KwP Pviv †f‡O i. AvukRvZxq dmj e¯¿ wk‡íi cªavb DcRvZ|
evwjfwZ© U‡e wKsev Rwg‡Z cyu‡Z cª‡qvRbg‡Zv †mP ii. Zyjvi Avuk Øviv †jc, †ZvlK BZ¨vw` ˆZwi Kiv
w`‡Z nq| 10-15 w`‡bi gv‡S kvLvq wkKo MRvq I hvq|
Pvivq cwiYZ nq| iii. cvU w`‡q e¯Ív, e¨vM I Ab¨vb¨ †kŠwLb `ªe¨ ˆZwi
N. dyj Pvl K‡i m…R‡bi Amš‘wói I mš‘wói KviY wb‡P Kiv hvq|
we‡kølY Kiv n‡jv- iv. cv‡Ui exR Jlwa ¸Ym¤úbœ I Zyjvi exR †_‡K
Amš‘wó : myRb Wvwjqv dy‡ji exR ecb K‡i| exR Acwi‡kvwaZ †Zj I mvevb ˆZwi Kiv hvq|
†_‡K Drcvw`Z Pviv †Kej wm½j d‡ji RvZ nq| M. iwdKyj Bmjvg cª_‡g cwj e¨v‡M wKsev exRZjvq Pviv
Wvwjqvi wm½j ai‡bi dy‡ji †Zgb RbwcªqZv †bB| ˆZwi K‡i †mB Pviv g~j Rwg‡Z †ivcY K‡ib| wb‡P
Wvej dy‡ji Avkvq wm½j dyj †`L‡Z cvq ZvB †m cwje¨v‡M I exRZjvq Pviv Drcv`b c×wZ we‡kølY
Amš‘ó| Kiv n‡jv-
mš‘wó : Wvwjqv GKwU kxZKvjxb †gŠmywg dyj| cwje¨v‡M Pviv Drcv`b c×wZ : mgcwigvY †`vAvuk
eY©‰ewP‡Zª¨i Rb¨ GwU AwZ Rbwcªq dyj| Wvwjqv dyj gvwU I †Mvei mvi wgwk‡q 15 †[Link]. × 10 †[Link].
wm‡½j ev Wvej `yB ai‡bi n‡q _v‡K| Wve‡ji AvKv‡i cwje¨v‡M fwZ© Ki‡Z n‡e| wMu‡Ui Ic‡i 1.5
e¨vcK RbwcªqZv _vK‡jI wm½‡ji †Zgb RbwcªqZv †[Link]. Ges wMu‡Ui wb‡P 3 †[Link]. †i‡L GK‡PvLwewkó
†bB| Acic‡¶ Pviv Drcv`‡b †Kej wm‡½j dy‡ji Av‡Li exRLÛ ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| exRLÛwUi †PvL
Rv‡Zi †ejvq exR e¨envi Kiv nq| Wvej RvZxq gvwUi Ici w`‡K †i‡L cwje¨v‡M emv‡Z n‡e| 50-
dy‡ji †ejvq A½R c×wZ‡Z eskwe¯Ívi Kiv nq| 60 w`b eq‡mi Pviv g~j Rwg‡Z †ivcY Kiv hvq|
A½R c×wZ‡Z eskwe¯Ív‡ii K›`g~j, K›`g~j †_‡K exRZjvq Pviv Drcv`b c×wZ : `yB †PvLwewkó
†e‡iv‡bv Pviv I kvLv Kjg †ivcY Kiv nq| myRb exRLÐ GB c×wZ‡Z e¨envi Kiv nq| †PvL¸‡jv
eskwe¯Ív‡ii Rb¨ A½R c×wZ e¨envi K‡ib| A½R gvwUi Ic‡ii w`‡K †i‡L Lи‡jv 1 †[Link]. Mf©‡Z
c×wZ e¨envi Kivq gvZ…Mv‡Qi ˆewkó¨ wVK _v‡K ZvB ivL‡Z n‡e| 50-60 w`b eq‡mi Pviv g~j Rwg‡Z
Wvej †kªwYi dyj †`q| Ab¨w`‡K ex‡Ri Pviv e¨envi †ivcY Ki‡Z n‡e|
Ki‡j gvZ…Mv‡Qi ¸Yv¸Y wVK _v‡K bv, d‡j wm‡½j N. ReŸvi gvwU Lyu‡o DB‡cvKv †`L‡Z cvb| ReŸvi
Rv‡Zi dyj †`q| ZvB myRb dyj we‡kl‡Ái civg‡k© AvLLÐ †ivc‡Yi Av‡M exR †kvab Kivi cª‡qvRb wQj
A½R Dcv‡q Pviv Drcv`b K‡i Wvej †kªwYi dyj Ges †cvKvi Avµg‡Yi d‡j GLb `gb e¨e¯’v MªnY
cvIqvq mš‘ó nq| Ki‡Z n‡e| wb‡P exR †kvab I †cvKv `gb e¨e¯’v
we‡kølY Kiv n‡jv-
9. AvL Pvwl iwdKyj Bmjvg AvL Pv‡li Dci cªwk¶Y exR †kvab: AvLLÐ †ivc‡Yi c~‡e© ReŸvi wgqv Av‡Li
wb‡q Pvl Kivq Av‡Li djb †ewk n‡q‡Q| Zvi exR G‡iUvb bvgK QÎvKbvkK 100 †KwR cvwb‡Z
cªwZ‡ekx ReŸvi djb †ewk nIqvi KviY wR‡Ám 500 Mªvg nv‡i `ªexf~Z K‡i †m‡Ui `yB gv_v †mB
Ki‡j iwdKyj e‡jb- †ivcv c×wZ, AvšÍtcwiPh©vmn `ªe‡Y Wywe‡q exR AvL †kvab K‡i †bIqv DwPZ wQj|
djb e…w×i c×wZ¸‡jvi K_v ej‡jb| ReŸvi Avi †cvKv `gb e¨e¯’v : gywo Av‡Li Pvl eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e|
LÐ †ivcY Ki‡jI A‡bK Pviv MRvqwb| gvwU Lyu‡o †ivM cªwZ‡iva RvZ †hgb Ck¦i`x-16, Ck¦i`x-1/55
†`‡L mv`v‡U †cvKv| BZ¨vw` Pvl Ki‡Z n‡e| †mP myweav _vK‡j AvµvšÍ
K. mvKvi Kx? Rwg K‡qKw`b cvwb‡Z Wywe‡q ivL‡Z n‡e|
L. Avuk RvZxq dmj †Kb Pvl Kiv nq e¨vL¨v Ki|
 DB‡cvKvi ivbx Lyu‡R †ei K‡i †g‡i †dj‡Z n‡e| cª‡qvM eÜ ivL‡Z n‡e| AvµvšÍ †¶‡Z weNvcªwZ 5
AvµvšÍ †¶‡Z wewfbœ ¯’v‡b gvwUi cvwZ‡j cvULwo f‡i †KwR cUvk mvi cª‡qvM K‡i gvwU‡Z fv‡jvfv‡e
cyu‡Z ivL‡Z n‡e| G‡Z DB‡cvKv Rgv nq| c‡bi w`b wgwk‡q w`‡j G †iv‡Mi ZxeªZv K‡g|
cici G¸‡jv msMªn K‡i aŸsm Ki‡Z n‡e| wfUvevb N. gv‡R` c‡ii eQi avb Pvl bv Kivi wm×všÍwU mwVK
48 Bwm ev †K¬v‡ivcvBwidm ev mvivdm (0.1%) †¯úª wQj| KviY-
Ki‡Z n‡e| gv‡R` avb Pvl K‡i †cvKvi Avµg‡Y ¶wZMª¯Í n‡j
K…wl Kg©KZ©vi civg‡k© †cvKv `gb e¨e¯’v wb‡q djb
10. KywoMªvg †Rjvi mI`vMi cvovi avb‡¶‡Zi avbMv‡Qi †ewk cvb wKš‘ c‡ii eQi Avevi avb Pvl Kivq
cvZvi wKbvivq I AvMvq †QvU †QvU RjQv‡ci g‡Zv †cvKvi AvµgY †ewk nq| cªwZ eQi GKB dmj GK
`vM †`Lv hvq| K…lK gv‡R` GRb¨ Lye wPwšÍZ n‡q Rwg‡Z evi evi Pvl Ki‡j †cvKvgvK‡oi AvµgY
Dc‡Rjv K…wl Kg©KZ©v‡K Rvbvb| †m †ivM cªwZ‡iva †e‡o hvq| †cvKvgvK‡oi Avµg‡Y dm‡ji ¶wZ nq|
I `g‡bi e¨e¯’v e‡j †`b| c‡ii eQi GB Mªv‡g D³ GB ¶wZi nvZ †_‡K i¶v †c‡Z dmj Pv‡li wfbœZvi
†ivM Øviv avb AvµvšÍ nqwb| Z‡e Gi c‡ii eQi Zvi cª‡qvRb| Rwg‡Z GKB dmj Pvl bv K‡i Ab¨ Rv‡Zi
avb‡¶‡Z cvgwi †cvKvi Avµg‡Y av‡bi cªPyi ¶wZ dmjI Pvl Kiv cª‡qvRb| G‡Z K‡i †cvKvgvK‡oi
nq| cªwZ eQi av‡bi ¶wZ nIqvq gv‡R` avb Pvl AvµgY Kg nq|
Ki‡e bv| Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbv †_‡K ejv hvq †h, gv‡R` Zvi
K. †iUb Pvl Kx? Rwg‡Z avb Pvl bv Kivi wm×všÍwU mwVK wQj|
L. wcqv‡Ri AvšÍtcwiPh©v †Kb Kiv nq e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. †ivM hv‡Z bv nq GRb¨ K…wl Kg©KZ©v Kx e¨e¯’v
MªnY Ki‡Z e‡jwQ‡jb we‡kølY Ki|
N. gv‡R‡`i wm×všÍ mwVK wKbv g~j¨vqb Ki|
10 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
K. AvL KvUvi ci †Mvov †_‡K bZyb Qov ev Kywk †ei
nIqvi my‡hvM w`‡q AvL Pvl K‡i AvL Drcv`b‡K
gywo Pvl ev Av‡Li †iUyb ejv nq|
L. wcuqv‡Ri AšÍtcwiPh©vi d‡j wcuqv‡Ri djb ev‡o|
†ivM evjvB Kg nq| wcuqv‡Ri gvb fv‡jv nq, K…lK
jvfevb nq| AvšÍtcwiPh©v bv Ki‡j wcuqvR cvc©j eøP
I KvÐ cPv †ivM Øviv AvµvšÍ n‡Z cv‡i| †ivMgy³
fv‡jv djb cvIqvi Rb¨ AvšÍtcwiPh©v `iKvi|
M. K…lK gv‡R‡`i †¶‡Z cvZv †cvov ev cvZv Sjmv‡bv
†ivM †`Lv †`q| K…wl Kg©KZ©v cvZv †cvov ev cvZv
Sjmv‡bv †ivM `g‡b I cªwZ‡iv‡a †h e¨e¯’v MªnY
Ki‡Z e‡j‡Qb Zv wb‡P we‡kølY Kiv n‡jv-
†ivM `g‡bi Rb¨ weAvi2 (gvjv), weAviZ (wecøe),
weAvi4 (weªkvBj), weAvi14, weAvi16, weAvi19
(g½j), weAvi21 (wbqvgZ), weAvi26 (kªveYx),
weªavb27, weªavb28, weªavb29, weªavb31, weªavb32,
weªavb37, weªavb38, weªavb40, weªavb41, weªavb42,
weªavb44, weªavb 45 I weªavb46 BZ¨vw` †ivM
cªwZ‡iva ¶gZvm¤úbœ Rv‡Zi avb Pvl Ki‡Z n‡e|
mylg gvÎvq mvi cª‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| wµ‡mK AvµvšÍ
MvQ Zy‡j †d‡j cvk¦©eZ©x MvQ †_‡K Kywk G‡b jvMv‡Z
n‡e| AvµvšÍ †¶‡Zi cvwb †ei K‡i w`‡q Rwg‡f‡`
7-10 w`b ïKv‡Z n‡e| Rwg ïwK‡q bvov †¶‡Z
cywo‡q †dj‡Z n‡e| AvµvšÍ †¶‡Z bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mvi