D”P gva¨wgK ● K…wlwkÿv (wØZxq cÎ) ● Aa¨vqwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi

PZz_© Aa¨vq : ebvqb

1. gvQ Pvl K‡i wb‡Ri fvM¨ cwieZ©‡bi j‡¶¨ †Lvi‡k` wdmwgj e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| cªvK…wZK Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e
cyKy‡i bvB‡jvwUKv gv‡Qi Pvl ïiæ K‡i| wKQyw`b ci cøvsKU‡bi ¯^vfvweK Drcv`b wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
†m j¶ Kij wKQy gv‡Qi †cU dy‡j †M‡Q Ges †c‡U GQvov gvQ †QvU n‡j cªwZ †KwR Lv‡`¨i mv‡_ 200
Pvc w`‡j gjØvi w`‡q cvwb †ei n‡q Av‡m| Zvi eÜy wgwj Mªvg nv‡i †K¬vi‡dwbKj wgwk‡q 2 mßvn LvIqv‡Z
Zv‡iK Zv‡K ejj Rjevqyi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j eZ©gv‡b n‡e| DcwiD³ cªwZKvi e¨e¯’v¸‡jv AbymiY Ki‡j
G ai‡bi †iv‡Mi cª‡Kvc evo‡Q| †Lvi‡k` I Zvi eÜy bvB‡jvwUKv gv‡Qi †¶‡Î †kŠ_ †iv‡Mi ¶wZi cwigvY
Zv‡iK Mªv‡gi Ab¨vb¨ hyeK‡`i wb‡q cwi‡e‡ki Kgv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i|
fvimvg¨ i¶vq ebvqb Kvh©µg ïiæ K‡i| N. DÏxc‡Ki †Lvi‡k` I Zvi eÜy Zv‡iK Mªv‡gi Ab¨vb¨
K. mvgvwRK ebvqb Kv‡K e‡j? hyeK‡`i wb‡q ebvqb Kvh©µg ïiæ K‡i|
L. wPswo‡K †Kb mv`v †mvbv ejv nq? †Kv‡bv GjvKvi e…wócvZ, ZvcgvÎv, eb¨v, Liv,
M. †Lvi‡k‡`i cyKy‡ii gvQ¸‡jv‡Z †h †ivM †`Lv R‡jv”Q¡vm BZ¨vw` ebvÂj Øviv e¨vcKfv‡e cªfvweZ
w`‡qwQj Zvi KviY I cªwZKvi e¨e¯’v e¨vL¨v nq| ZvB mKj GjvKvq cwi‡e‡ki cªvK…wZK fvimvg¨
K‡iv| i¶vi Rb¨ 25% ebf~wg _vKv cª‡qvRb| wKš‘
N. †Lvi‡k` I Zv‡i‡Ki M…nxZ Kvh©µ‡gi ¸iæZ¡ Avgv‡`i †`‡k miKvwi wn‡m‡e cªK…Z ebf~wgi cwigvY
we‡kølY K‡iv| 17% Ges †emiKvwifv‡e cªK…Z ebf~wgi cwigvY
1 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi 10% Gi Kg|
K. ebR m¤ú` Drcv`b e…w×i j‡¶¨ Rbmvavi‡Yi cªZ¨¶ eZ©gv‡b Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi †cª¶vc‡U wek¦‡K
AskMªn‡Yi gva¨‡g emZevwo, iv¯Ív, evua, Lvm I emev‡mi Dc‡hvMx ivLvi I Rxe‰ewPΨ i¶vi Rb¨
cªvwZôvwbK Rwg‡Z mvgvwRK e…¶‡ivcY I cwiPh©vi ebvq‡bi †Kv‡bv weKí †bB| MvQ cª‡¯^`‡bi nvi
gva¨‡g eb m…wó Kiv‡K mvgvwRK ebvqb e‡j| evwo‡q cwi‡ek wbg©j iv‡L| evqygЇji Rjxq ev‡®úi
L. evsjv‡`‡k wPswo‡K mv`v †mvbv ev †nvqvBU †Mvì ejv cwigvY evwo‡q AvenvIqvi PigfvevcbœZv nªvm K‡i|
nq| wPswo eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k wk‡í cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| evqygЇji AwZwi³ Kve©b WvB A·vBW †kvlY K‡i
G wk‡íi mv‡_ mivmwi RwoZ Av‡Q cªvq 12 j¶ bvix- RxeK~‡ji †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ cª‡qvRbxq Aw·‡Rb
cyiæl| †`‡ki ißvwbRvZ grm¨ c‡Y¨i cªvq 65% mieivn K‡i| wkK‡oi mvnv‡h¨ avZe KYv‡K aviY
wPswo| 2014-15 A_©eQ‡i wPswo ißvwb K‡i †`k K‡i cvwb `~lY †iva K‡i| ˆewk¦K Dòvqb ev wMªb
Avq K‡i‡Q 4,660.60 †KvwU UvKv| G Kvi‡Y nvDm cªwZwµqv †iv‡a f~wgKv iv‡L Ges ebR Dw™¢`
wPswo‡K mv`v †mvbv ejv nq| f~wgi Av”Qv`b wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i Ges f~wg¶q †iva
M. †Lvi‡k‡`i Lvgv‡i bvB‡jvwUKv gv‡Qi †cU †dvjv Ges K‡i| ebvÂj, evqy cªev‡ni MwZ‡iva K‡i cwi‡e‡ki
†c‡U Pvc w`‡j gjØvi w`‡q cvwb †ei nIqv j¶Y wech©q Kgvq| ebvÂj SoSÅv I R‡jv”Q¡vmRwbZ
†`Lv hvq hv †kv_ †iv‡Mi j¶Y| ¶q¶wZ nªvm K‡i| eb¨ RxeRš‘, cvwL I KxUcZ½‡K
cªv_wgK ch©v‡q fvBivm Øviv G †ivM n‡q _vK‡jI Avkªq †`q Ges Lv`¨ †hvMvq|
cieZ©x‡Z Aeromona punctata bvgK hZ‡ewk MvQ jvMv‡bv n‡e, cwi‡ek ZZ‡ewk mg…×
e¨vK‡Uwiqv Øviv G †ivM nq| Kv‡RB fvBivm I n‡e| cwi‡e‡k emevmiZ cªwZwU cªvYx cªZ¨¶fv‡e
e¨vK‡Uwiqv DfqB G †iv‡Mi Rb¨ `vqx| gv‡Qi G DcK…Z n‡e| ZvB ejv hvq, †Lvi‡k` I Zv‡i‡Ki
†ivM n‡j cwiwgZ cwigvY mylg Lv`¨ cª`vb Ki‡Z M…nxZ Kvh©µ‡gi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg|
nq| cyKy‡i wbqwgZ kZvsk cªwZ W‡jvPyb 1 †KwR
(wZb gvm AšÍi AšÍi) nv‡i cª‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| cª_‡g 2. gaycyi Mªv‡gi gvwbK GKRb †eKvi hyeK| eo ai‡bi
RxevYygy³ myP w`‡q †c‡U R‡g _vKv Zij c`v_© †ei Lvgvi M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ cª‡qvRbxq Rwg ev mvg_¨© bv
K‡i †dj‡Z n‡e| AZtci cªwZ †KwR Lv‡`¨i mv‡_ _vKvq Zvi K…wlwe` eÜy Avwe` Zv‡K gy³ c×wZ‡Z
200 wgwj Mªvg nv‡i Aw·‡UUªvmvBwK¬b wgwk‡q 7-10 wKQy gyiwM cvjb Kivi civgk© w`j| Avwe` gvwbK‡K
w`b LvIqv‡Z n‡e| eo gv‡Qi †¶‡Î cªwZ †KwR AviI Rvbvj †h, †m Mªv‡gi mvgvwRK ebvqb
IR‡bi Rb¨ 50-60 wgwj Mªvg nv‡i †÷c‡UvgvBwmb Kg©m~wP‡Z AskMªnY K‡i DcKvi‡fvMx n‡Z cv‡i|
†cU MnŸ‡i Bb‡RKkb K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| gv‡Qi Lvev‡i K. nv‡W©wbs Kx?
 L. †Kv‡bv GjvKvq ebv‡ji we¯Í…wZ NUv‡j †m mdjZv cªvq m¤ú~Y©i~‡c DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i `vwqZ¡‡eva
GjvKvq e…wócvZ ev‡o †Kb? I Kg©Kv‡Ði Ici wbf©ikxj|
M. Avwe‡`i civgk©K…Z gyiwM cvjb c×wZi Mevw`cïi AvµgY n‡Z evMvb i¶v Ki‡Z m¶g Ges
myweavmg~n e¨vL¨v K‡iv| evMvb i¶Yv‡e¶Y I cwiPh©v Ki‡Z Drmvnx n‡eb
N. D³ Kg©m~wPi AskMª‡Yi Rb¨ gvwb‡Ki †hme Ggb e¨w³‡K mvgvwRK ebvqb Kg©m~wPi DcKvi‡fvMx
¸Yvewj _vK‡Z n‡e Zv we‡kølY K‡iv| wn‡m‡e wbe©vPb Kiv nq| wbe©vwPZ DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i
2 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi GK‡Î KvR Kivi gvbwmKZv, m¤ú‡`i msi¶Y I
K. bvm©vwi‡Z Pviv gvwU †_‡K D‡Ëvj‡bi ci 15-20 w`b `xN©‡gqvw` e¨envi Dc‡hvMx Kivi Rb¨ mvsMVwbK
(Pviv g~j Rwg‡Z †ivcY Kivi Av‡M) nvjKv Qvqvhy³ `…pZv I `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi Dc‡hvMx n‡Z n‡e| `j
¯’v‡b| †i‡L Aí †mP w`‡q Pviv‡K k³ mej K‡i wbe©vP‡b m`m¨‡`i eZ©gvb I AZxZ Kvh©vewj g~j¨vqb
†Zvjvi cªwµqvB n‡jv nv‡W©wbs| Kiv nq| GQvov `jxq m`m¨‡`i mvgvwRK I
L. eb n‡jv cªvK…wZK ev K…wÎgfv‡e m…ó Dw™¢` cªRvwZi Ae¯’vbMZ welqvw`I we‡ePbvq Avbv nq|
Øviv Av”Qvw`Z ¯’vb| DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i Dc‡`k Mªn‡Yi AvMªn I mw`”Qv
ebf~wg Dw™¢‡`i cª‡¯^`b nvi e…w×i gva¨‡g evqygЇj _vK‡Z n‡e| cwiKíbv cªYq‡b mnvqZv I Ask MªnY
Rjxqev‡®úi cwigvY evovq| hv †g‡Ni m…wó K‡i wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i g‡a¨ cwieZ©b
e…wócvZ NUvq| ZvB, †Kv‡bv GjvKvq ebv‡ji mnbkxjZv ev MªnY‡hvM¨Zv _vK‡Z n‡e|
we¯Í…wZ NUv‡j †m GjvKvq e…wócvZ ev‡o| A_©vr, mvgvwRK ebvq‡bi DcKvi‡fvMx wn‡m‡e
M. Avwe` gvwbK‡K gy³ c×wZ‡Z gyiwM cvj‡bi civgk© gvwb‡Ki Dc‡i DwjøwLZ ¸Yvewjmg~n _vK‡Z n‡e|
†`q | gy³ c×wZ‡Z gyiwM cvj‡bi myweavmg~n
wbgœiƒc- 3. evsjv‡`‡k cï m¤ú` Dbœq‡b Ab¨Zg mgm¨v n‡jv
i. evwoi Av‡kcv‡k, gv‡V P‡i Lvq e‡j evB‡i cïLv`¨ ¯^íZv| G Kvi‡Y G †`‡k cï e¨emvqxiv
†_‡K Lv`¨ mieivn Kivi cª‡qvRb nq bv, d‡j jvfevb n‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| evsjv‡`‡k cï m¤ú`
Lv`¨ LiP Kg nq| Dbœq‡b m¤¢vebv welqK †mwgbv‡i cïm¤ú` Kg©KZ©v
ii. mvivw`b evB‡i _v‡K e‡j DbœZ evm¯’v‡bi e‡jb, K…wl eb m…wói gva¨‡g cïLv‡`¨i cªvc¨Zv
cª‡qvRb nq bv| wbwðZ Kiv m¤¢e|
iii. gyiwM meyR kvKmewR, NvmcvZv BZ¨vw` †_‡K K. K…wÎg eb Kv‡K e‡j?
R¨vš’wdj †c‡q _v‡K hv Zvi wW‡gi Kymyg‡K L. cvwievwiK Pvwn`v c~i‡Y emZ e‡bi f~wgKv
njy` K‡i| wW‡gi Kymyg njy` n‡j evRv‡i e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
Pvwn`v †ewk nq| M. DÏxc‡K †h mgm¨v wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡qwQj
iv. gyiwM †Lvjv‡gjv cwi‡ek cvq e‡j ¯^v¯’¨ fv‡jv Zv eY©bv K‡iv|
_v‡K, †`‡ni MVb myVvg Ges gvsm‡cwk gReyZ N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z mgm¨v mgvav‡b cï m¤ú`
I cyó nq| Kg©KZ©vi Dw³wU g~j¨vqb K‡iv|
v. m~h©wKiY I kvKmewR‡Z cªvß wfUvwgb gyiwMi 3 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
†`‡n †ivM| cªwZ‡iva ¶gZv M‡o Zyj‡Z mvnvh¨ K. gvby‡li cªZ¨¶ mnvqZvq I AskMªn‡Y cwiKwíZfv‡e
K‡i| bZyb K‡i MvQ jvwM‡q †h eb ˆZwi Kiv nq Zv‡K
vi. †Zgb †Kvb cwiPh©vi cª‡qvRb nq bv| K…wÎg eb ev gbyl¨ m…ó eb e‡j|
AZGe, ejv hvq Avwe‡`i civgk©K…Z gyiwM cvjb L. cvwievwiK cª‡qvRb †gUv‡bvi D‡Ï‡k¨ emZevwoi
c×wZi myweav A‡bK| Avkcv‡k ¯^í cwim‡i †h MvQ jvMv‡bv nq Zv‡K emZ
N. gvwb‡Ki Rb¨ Avwe‡`i †`qv civg‡k©i GKwU wQ‡jv eb e‡j|
mvgvwRK ebvq‡b Ask MªnY K‡i DcKvi‡fvMx nIqv| emZ e‡b mvaviYZ dj` e…¶ I mewR †ivcY Kiv
G‡¶‡Î Zvi wKQy ¸Yvewj _vK‡Z n‡e| nq| G‡Z cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i dj I mewRi Pvwn`v
RbM‡Yi mivmwi AskMªn‡Yi gva¨‡g miKv‡ii c~iY nq| R¡vjvwb Kv‡Vi 85 fvM Av‡m emZ eb
KvwiMwi I Avw_©K mnvqZvq mvgvwRK GjvKvq n‡Z| GB e‡bi e…‡¶i cvZv cïLv`¨ wn‡m‡e e¨envi
e…¶‡ivcY K‡i mvgvwRK eb m…wó Kiv nq| G cªK‡íi Kiv hvq Ges e…‡¶i KvV cvwievwiK AvmevecÎ
ˆZwi‡Z e¨eüZ nq| ZvB cvwievwiK Pvwn`v c~i‡Y
emZ eb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
M. DÏxc‡K evsjv‡`‡k cïm¤ú` Dbœq‡bi mgm¨v wb‡q 4. 'K…wl †gjv-2018' bvgK e¨vbvi †`‡L AvRv` †gjvq
Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| cª‡ek Kij| cwi`k©‡bi mgq GKwU ÷‡j †m
evsjv‡`‡k cïm¤ú` Dbœq‡b A‡bK mgm¨v we`¨gvb| mgqwfwËK wewfbœ dm‡ji bvg, †m¸‡jvi †ivcY, Rwg
Zvi g‡a¨ GKwU n‡jv cïLv‡`¨i ¯^íZv| cïi cªavb cª¯ÍyZ, AvMvQv `gb, mvi cª‡qvM, cvwb †mP I wb®‹vkb,
Lv`¨ n‡jv meyR KvuPvNvm| wKš‘ ebf~wg I Ab¨vb¨ †ivM-evjvB I †cvKvgvKo `gb, KZ©b mgq BZ¨vw`
cwZZ Rwg µgvMZ Pv‡li AvIZvq Avbvi d‡j Kvh©µg D‡jøLmn ZvwjKv †`L‡Z †cj| †m †gjvq
Mevw`cïi PviY‡¶‡Îi Afve cªKU AvKvi aviY K…wlwelqK Ab¨vb¨ AvaywbK cªhyw³ m¤ú‡K©I aviYv
K‡i‡Q| Dciš‘ µgea©gvb RbmsL¨vi Lv`¨ jvf K‡i|
Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ f~wgi e¨env‡ii Kvi‡Y cïi Rb¨ K. wgkª km¨ Pvl Kv‡K e‡j?
K…wl Rwg‡Z KvuPvNvm Drcv`bI m¤¢e nq bv| Avevi L. km¨ ch©v‡qi bxwZgvjv¸‡jv Kx Kx?
cïi `vbv`vi Lv‡`¨i †hvMvbI m‡šÍvlRbK bq| M. AvRv‡`i †`Lv ZvwjKvwUi ¸iæZ¡ eY©bv K‡iv|
ïK‡bv LO I gvby‡li Lv‡`¨i Aewkóvsk cï‡K N. mgvR I A_©bxwZ‡Z AvRv‡`i cwi`k©bK…Z
mieivn Kiv n‡”Q| GQvov cï cvj‡bi †¶‡Î AviI †gjvi Dc‡hvwMZv we‡kølY K‡iv|
mgm¨vi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q cï m¤ú‡`i ¯^íZv, wbgœRv‡Zi 4 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
cï, †ivMe¨vwai e¨vcKZv, cïLv‡`¨i ¯^íZv, f~wgi K. †Kv‡bv cªavb dm‡ji mv‡_ Ab¨ GKwU km¨ exR
¯^íZv, A¯^v¯’¨Ki cwi‡ek, cªRbb e¨e¯’vi mxgve×Zv, GK‡Î ecb K‡i Drcv`b Kiv n‡j Zv‡K wgkª dmj
myôy cwiKíbvi Afve BZ¨vw`| Pvl e‡j|
ZvB ejv hvq, cï m¤ú‡`i Dbœq‡bi AšÍivq KvwU‡q L. GKwU wbw`©ó Rwg‡Z wba©vwiZ mg‡q wbe©vwPZ wKQy km¨
DVvi gva¨‡g cï m¤ú‡`i Dbœqb m¤¢e| avivevwnKfv‡e Rb¥v‡bv‡K km¨ ch©vq ejv nq|
N. DÏxc‡Ki ewY©Z mgm¨v mgvav‡b cïm¤ú` Kg©KZ©vi kmv ch©vq ev km¨P‡µi bxwZgvjv¸‡jv n‡jv-
Dw³wU wQj— 'K…wl eb m…wói gva¨‡g cïLv‡`¨i i. ¯’vbxq Rjevqy, f~wgi eÜyiZv, g…wËKvi cªK…wZ,
cªvc¨Zv wbwðZ Kiv'| cvwb †mP I wb®‹vkb e¨e¯’v, Av_©-mvgvwRK
gvV dm‡j Drcv`bKvix Rwgi AvB‡j ev Ae¯’v BZ¨vw` we‡ePbv K‡i dmj wbe©vPb Kiv|
AšÍe©i&Zx¯’v‡b Ges Pvicv‡k dm‡ji †Kv‡bviƒc ¶wZ ii. ¯’vbxq Pvwn`v we‡ePbv K‡i dmj wbe©vPb Kiv
nq bv Ggb me cªRvwZi MvQ jvwM‡q †h ebvqb Kiv Ges AwaK Lv‡`¨vcv`vb †kvlYKvix dmj Pv‡li
nq Zv‡K K…wl eb e‡j| G e‡bi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ e…¶¸‡jv c~‡e© meyR mvi RvZxq dmj Pvl Kiv|
n‡jv evejv, KoB, Zvj, †LRyi, L‡qi, M. AvRv‡`i †`Lv ZvwjKvwU wQj GKwU km¨ cwÄKv|
BDK¨vwjcUvm BZ¨vw`| km¨ cwÄKv n‡jv km¨ Pv‡li Rb¨ cª‡qvRbxq hveZxq
K…wl ebvq‡bi A‡bK myweav i‡q‡Q| Zvi g‡a¨ Kv‡Ri Kg©m~wP| †Kv‡bv Lvgv‡i Kx Kx dmj Rb¥v‡bv
Ab¨Zg GKwU n‡jv cïLv`¨ Drcv`b| K…wl ebvq‡bi n‡e, ev‡iv gv‡mi g‡a¨ †Kvb gv‡m †Kvb KvR m¤úv`b
dmj eb, Z…Yeb, K…wl Z…Ye‡bi †¶‡Î cïLv`¨ Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Zv m¤úv`b Ki‡Z n‡j Kx Kx
Drcv`b Kiv Ab¨Zg GKwU j¶¨| dj` e…¶ I c`‡¶c wb‡Z n‡e Zvi mvigg©ag©x cwiKíbv‡K km¨
Ab¨vb¨ dmj GLv‡b Pvlvev` Kiv nq cïLv`¨ cwÄKv e‡j|
wn‡m‡e| eo dj` e…‡¶i cvZv msMªn K‡i Liv I km¨ cwÄKvi gva¨‡g dm‡ji RxebKvj mn‡RB Rvbv
eb¨vi mgq cï‡K cª`vb Kiv hvq| GQvov Ab¨vb¨ hvq| eûwea dmj Pv‡li cwiKíbv Kiv hvq| mwVK
mgq †ivcYK…Z fyÆv, miMg cïLv`¨ wn‡m‡e e¨envi mg‡q exR, mvi, KxUcZ½ `g‡bi c×wZ e¨env‡i
Kiv hvq| K…wl ebvq‡bi Ab¨vb¨ myweavi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q mnvqZv K‡i| wewfbœ dm‡ji mwVK cwiPh©vi Rb¨
K…wl Drcv`b e…w× Kiv, dmwj Rwgi eûwea e¨envi, Znwej msMªn Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| kª‡gi myôy e¨env‡i
MªvgxY RbRxe‡b A_©‰bwZK mg…w× Avbqb, gvwUi myweav nq| myweb¨¯Í Lvgvi e¨e¯’vcbvq mnvqZv K‡i|
De©iZv e…w×, gvwUi ¶q‡iva, cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ DcKi‡Yi Pvwn`v I e¨envi gvÎv wba©viY Kiv hvq|
i¶v I cªvK…wZK `y‡h©vM cªwZ‡iva| AZGe, dm‡ji m¤¢ve¨ djb, Drcv`b e¨q I Av‡qi aviYv
evsjv‡`‡k cïcvj‡bi †¶‡Î K…wl eb cï Lv‡`¨i Kiv hvq| GQvov †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y dmj ¶wZMª¯Í n‡j †m
Drm wn‡m‡e ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i| ¯’v‡b wba©vwiZ mg‡qi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv weKí dmj Pvl
DwjøwLZ Av‡jvPbvi Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq, DÏxc‡K Kiv hvq wKbv †m wm×všÍ †bIqv hvq|
ewY©Z mgm¨v mgvav‡b cï m¤ú` Kg©KZ©vi Dw³wU Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbv n‡Z Abyaveb Kiv hvq, AvRv‡`i
h_v_©| †`Lv km¨ ZvwjKvwUi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg|
N. gvmyg Zvi evevi mv‡_ K…wl I e…¶ †gjvq wM‡q K…wl iii. R¡vjvwb mieivn e…w× Kiv
cªhyw³ I hš¿cvwZ Ges e…¶‡ivcY Kg©m~Px m¤ú‡K© iv. KywUi wk‡í KvuPvgv‡ji †hvMvb †`Iqv|
Rvb‡Z cvij| M. DÏxc‡Ki wk¶v_©xiv cvnvwo e‡b wk¶v md‡i
evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv Dbœqbkxj †`‡k mvgvwRK I wM‡qwQj|
A_©‰bwZK cªe…w×i Rb¨ K…wl‡gjvi ¸iæZ¡ A‡bK cvnvwo e‡bi wewfbœ cªKvi ˆewk‡ó¨i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q-
†ewk| K…wl I ebvqb e¨e¯’vq AvaywbK cªhyw³i e¨envi 1. cvnvwo e‡bi AwaKvsk e…¶ wPinwir, AvswkK
gvÎ 25-35%| †gjvi gva¨‡g bZyb D™¢vweZ K…wl wPinwir I c·gvPx| GB e‡bi cªavb cªavb e…¶
hš¿cvwZ I cªhyw³mg~‡ni mydj †`‡ki Avcvgi n‡jv- †m¸b, kxjKoB, Pvcvwjk, †gnMwb,
Rbmvavi‡Yi Kv‡Q †cŠuQvq| d‡j †`‡ki K…wl Rviæj, wnRj, Mvgvi, KoB, PvjZv BZ¨vw`|
Drcv`b e…w× cvq| G gva¨‡g RbMY GKw`‡K †hgb 2. cvnvwo e‡bi cªavb KywUi wkíRvZ e…¶ n‡jv
dmj msµvšÍ Z_¨vw` Rvb‡Z cv‡i, Aciw`‡K wb‡Ri wewfbœ cªKvi evuk I †eZ| evsjv‡`‡ki Pv
emZ evwoi AvwObv, cwZZ Rwg‡Z e…¶ †ivc‡Yi evMvb¸‡jvi AwaKvskB cvnvwo GjvKvq|
e¨vcv‡i Drmvnx n‡q A_©‰bwZKfv‡e jvfevb nq| 3. cvnvwo e‡bi cªavb cªavb cªvYx n‡jv— nvwZ,
†gjvq K…wl wefv‡Mi Kg©KZ©v I cªhyw³we`‡`i mv‡_ wewfbœ cªKvi evN, †bK‡o, k~Ki, nwiY,
K…lK I mvaviY gvby‡li Rbms‡hvM e…w× cvIqvq K…wl KvVweovwj, evbi, mvc, wMiwMwU, ¸Bmvc
Drcv`b I ebvq‡b Zv‡`i AvMªn m…wó nq| bZyb BZ¨vw`|
bvm©vwi‡Z gv`vi wUª ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ RvZxq I ¯’vbxq 4. G e‡bi cªavb cvwL n‡jv- ebgyiwM, gqbv,
ch©v‡q K…wl‡gjvi gva¨‡g A‡bK †jv‡Ki Kg©ms¯’vb UybUywb, KvV‡VvKiv, a‡bk BZ¨vw`|
nq| K…wlR Drcv`b I ebvq‡b GKR‡bi †`Lv‡`wL 5. evsjv‡`‡ki cvnvwo e‡b cªPyi cwigv‡Y wewfbœ
Ab¨ivI DrmvwnZ nq| cªRvwZi evuk cvIqv hvq| †hgb-eivK, gywj,
AZGe, gvmy‡gi †`Lv K…wl‡gjv MYm‡PZbZv Ges givj, Zjøv, bjx BZ¨vw`|
Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L| N. †kªwYwk¶K wk¶v_©x‡`i mn cvnvwo eb evsjv‡`‡ki
mKj e‡bi A_©bxwZ‡Z ivLv ¸iæZ¡ m¤ú‡K© AewnZ
5. Avgjcvov D”P we`¨vj‡qi wk¶v_©xiv wk¶v md‡ii Ki‡jb|
D‡Ï‡k¨ PÆMªvg A‡ji cvnvwo eb cwi`k©‡b hvq| evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b cªvK…wZK m¤ú`
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†`L‡Z cvq| d‡j| Zviv wbg©j Avb›` jvf K‡i| Avgiv †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bvfv‡e e…‡¶i Ici wbf©ikxj|
wk¶v_©xiv †kªwYwk¶‡Ki wbKU| GB e‡bi ¸iæZ¡ ZvQvov Lv`¨ gyL‡ivPK I mycvP¨ Kivi Rb¨ †hme
m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z PvB‡j wZwb e‡jb, 'ïaygvÎ GB eb dmj Avgiv e¨envi Kwi Zvi cªavb Drm ebR Dw™¢`|
bq, evsjv‡`‡ki me ebB A_©bxwZ‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cªfve mvaviYZ evwoNi ˆZwi‡Z †gnMwb, wcZivR, MR©b,
we¯Ívi K‡i'| †m¸b BZ¨vw` e…¶ e¨eüZ nq| ZvQvov Mªvgv‡j
K. ev‡qvWvBfviwmwU Kv‡K e‡j? †hme KvuPv Ni wbwg©Z nq Zvi Dcv`vb evuk, KvV,
L. mvgvwRK ebvq‡bi PviwU D‡Ïk¨ †j‡Lv| kb, †MvjcvZv BZ¨vw` eb †_‡K cªvß| hvbevnb,
M. wk¶v_©x‡`i cwi`k©bK…Z e‡bi ˆewkó¨ e¨vL¨v ˆe`y¨wZK LyuwU, K…wl hš¿cvwZ wewfbœ cªKvi Nievwo KvV
K‡iv| Øviv ˆZwi nq| Avgv‡`i e¨env‡ii Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi
N. wk¶‡Ki Dw³wU we‡kølY K‡iv| AvmevecÎ †hgb †Pqvi, †Uwej, LvU, Avjgvwi cªf…wZ
5 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi ˆZwi‡Z ebf~wgi e…‡¶i KvV e¨eüZ nq| wk¶vi
K. wewfbœ cªKvi Dw™¢`, cªvYx, AYyRx‡ei cªvK…wZK DcKiY †hgb-Kvwj, Kjg, †cwÝj, †¯‹j BZ¨vw`
Dcw¯’wZ, we¯Í…wZ, AvbycvwZK cvi¯úwiK mnve¯’vb‡K ˆZwi nq mivmwi e…¶ †_‡K| M…n wbg©vY, Avmeve
ev‡qvWvBfviwmwU ejv nq| ˆZwi, wk¶v DcKiY, Ilya wkí cªf…wZ Lv‡Z nvRvi
L. RbM‡Yi m¤ú…³Zvq Askx`vwi‡Z¡i wfwˇZ †h ebvqb nvRvi †jv‡Ki Kg©ms¯’vb n‡q‡Q eb _vKvq|
Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevqb Kiv nq ZvB mvgvwRK ebvqb| evsjv‡`‡ki †nwKwg, KweivwR, †nvwgIc¨vw_K,
mvgvwRK ebvq‡bi PviwU D‡Ï‡k¨ n‡jv- G¨v‡jvc¨vw_K Ges Avqy‡ew`q Ilya ˆZwii KvuPvgvj
i. DWjU ˆZwi Av‡m ebf~wg n‡Z| ZvQvov ebf~wg n‡Z gay, †gvg,
ii. mvwe©K K…wl Dbœqb e…w× Kiv KvV mieivn K‡i eû †jvK RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i _v‡K|
ebR m¤ú‡`i Ici wbf©i A‡bK wkí`ªe¨ we‡`‡k
 ißvwb K‡i evsjv‡`k cªwZ eQi cªPyi ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv iv. e…‡¶i Pviv Drcv`b I †ivc‡Y DbœZ cªhyw³
AR©b K‡i| cª`k©b I mieivn Kiv|
eb cªZ¨¶ ev c‡iv¶fv‡e Avgv‡`i A_©‰bwZK v. e…¶‡ivc‡Yi A_©‰bwZK w`K Zy‡j aiv|
Kg©Kv‡Ði mv‡_ I‡ZvcªZfv‡e RwoZ| ZvB vi. weiƒc Rjevqyi cªfve †gvKv‡ejvq eb I
wk¶v_©x‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨ Kiv Avgjcvov D”P we`¨vj‡qi ebvq‡bi f~wgKv m¤ú‡K© Rvbv‡bv|
wk¶‡Ki Dw³wU h_v_©| vii. bZyb bZyb e…¶ cªRvwZ I Pviv Drcv`bKvix
cªwZôv‡bi mv‡_ cwiwPZ Kiv|
6. e¨envwiK Kv‡Ri Ask wn‡m‡e wKkjq K‡j‡Ri viii. †gjvi gva¨‡g me©‡kªô ÷j gvwjK I
Øv`k †kªwYi wk¶v_©x‡`i wb‡q K…wlwk¶K †gv¯Ídv m¨vi cªwZôvb‡K cyi毋…Z Kiv|
RvZxq e…¶‡gjv cwi`k©‡b hvb| †gjvq "RvZxq A_©vr, gvbyl‡K e…¶‡ivc‡Y AvMªnx K‡i †Zvjv Ges
e…¶‡gjv" kxl©K Av‡jvPbv mfvq e³viv e…¶‡gjvi †`‡ki Av_©mvgwRK I cwi‡ekMZ Dbœqb mvabB
wewfbœ w`K m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| GQvov e³iv e…¶‡gjvi g~j D‡Ïk¨|
†gjvi mdj ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ Abyôvb c×wZ‡Z N. A, B I C n‡jv h_vµ‡g e…¶‡gjvi mvsMVwbK,
wb‡gœv³ welq wZbwUi Ici ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc K‡ib— e¨e¯’vcbv I KvwiMwi Dcv`vb| †gjv mdj nIqvi
A- mvsMVwbK Dcv`vb Rb¨ G wZbwU wel‡qi mgš^q mvab AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
B- e¨e¯’vcbv Dcv`vb †gjvi mvsMVwbK, e¨e¯’vcbv I KvwiMwi Dcv`vb
C- KvwiMwi Dcv`vb Avevi wKQy Kg©Kv‡Ð wef³| †hgb- mvsMVwbK
K. ebvqb Kv‡K e‡j? Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q †gjvi Rb¨ Dchy³ ¯’vb
L. ebR m¤ú` ej‡Z Kx †evS? wbe©vPb, wbe©vwPZ ¯’v‡bi cª‡qvRbxq Dbœqb Kiv Ges
M. e³v‡`i Av‡jvwPZ welqwUi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ ¯’vbwU‡K Avjv`v Kivi Rb¨ Pviw`‡K †eóbx ˆZwi
†j‡Lv| Kiv| ¯’vb wbe©vP‡bi ci †gjvi Rb¨ Dchy³ mgq I
N. †gjvwUi mdj ev¯Íevq‡b A, B I C Gi mwVK ZvwiL wba©viY Kiv| †hgb— QywUi w`‡b †jvK mgvMg
mgš^‡qi ¸iæZ¡ we‡kølY K‡iv| †ewk n‡q _v‡K| ZvB QywUi w`‡b †gjv Av‡qvR‡bi
6 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi †Póv Kiv| Avevi el©Kvj e…¶‡ivc‡Yi DËg mgq,
K. ebvqb n‡jv ebR m¤ú‡`i Drcv`b e…w×i j‡¶¨ ZvB el©Kv‡j †gjv AbywôZ n‡j †gjvi D‡Ïk¨ mdj
weÁvbm¤§Zfv‡e e…¶ †ivcY, cwiPh©v I e¨e¯’vcbv nIqvi m¤¢vebv A‡bK †ewk _v‡K| GQvov Ab¨vb¨
c×wZ| wel‡qi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q ÷‡ji hy‡Mvc‡hvMx bKkv ˆZwi
L. ebf~wg n‡Z Drcvw`Z gvby‡li cª‡qvRbxq Lv`¨, Kiv| iv‡Zi †ejvq AvKl©Yxq Kivi Rb¨ Av‡jvi
djg~j, KvV, †flR ev Jlwa `ªe¨ I KvuPvgvj‡K ebR e¨e¯’v Kiv| †gjvi D‡Øvabx I mgvwß Abyôvb Kiv|
m¤ú` e‡j| †gjvi e¨e¯’vcbv Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q ÷j
RbmsL¨v e…w× I RxebhvÎvi gvb Dbœq‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ eivÏKiY, Pyw³ m¤úv`b I †µZv‡`i myweavi Rb¨
ebR m¤ú‡`i Pvwn`v †e‡o‡Q| ebvq‡bi gva¨‡g cªwZwU ÷‡j e¨vL¨vKvix ivLv| hv‡Z K‡i Zviv
ebf~wg n‡Z me©vwaK ebR m¤ú`/ `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi †h‡Kv‡bv Z_¨ Lye mn‡R †c‡Z cv‡i| †gjv m¤ú‡K©
gva¨‡g †m Pvwn`v c~iY Kiv m¤¢e| mevi AvMªn m…wó Kivi Rb¨ ÷‡ji Kvh©µ‡gi wfwˇZ
M. e³v‡`i Av‡jvwPZ welq n‡jv 'RvZxq e…¶‡gjv'| GB cyi¯‹v‡ii Av‡qvRb Kiv| GQvov `k©bv_©x‡`i myweavi
†gjvi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ wbgœiƒc- Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨‡K›`ª, Pv cv‡bi ÷j I †M‡U wbivcËvi
i. e…¶‡ivcY‡K wbw`©ó mxgvq mxgve× bv †i‡L mviv e¨e¯’v Kiv| †gjvi KvwiMwi Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q
eQi hv‡Z gvbyl e…¶ †ivcY K‡i †m wel‡q ÷‡j MvQ I Pvivi web¨vm mwVKfv‡e Kiv I Zv‡`i
RbMY‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv| Ggbfv‡e mvRv‡bv hv‡Z K‡i Lye mn‡R `k©bv_©x‡`i
ii. RbM‡Yi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx dj, KvV, dyj I †Pv‡L c‡o| Pviv¸‡jv‡K m‡ZR I mej ivLvi Rb¨
†mŠ›`h©ea©b Pviv mieivn Kiv| †m¸‡jv‡K wbqwgZ cwiPh©v Kiv| Pviv¸‡jv‡K †hb Lye
iii. wewfbœ dj`, ebR Mv‡Qi cvkvcvwk wewfbœ mn‡R kbv³ Kiv hvq GRb¨ G¸‡jvi Mv‡q †j‡ewjs
Jlwa Mv‡Qi †ivcY, cwiPh©v I DcKvwiZv Zy‡j Kiv|
aiv| Av‡jvwPZ Dcv`vb¸‡jvi mwVK mgš^q mvwaZ n‡j
e…¶‡gjv mdj I Kvh©Ki n‡e| †Kbbv Dcv`vb¸‡jvi
 mwVK mgš^‡qi d‡j RbmvaviY †gjv †_‡K wewfbœ cvj‡bi Dc‡hvMx n‡Z nq| `j wbe©vP‡b m`m¨‡`i
Z_¨ mn‡R †c‡q DcK…Z n‡e Ges †gjvi cªwZ AvMªnx eZ©gvb I AZxZ Kvh©vewj g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z nq| GQvov
n‡q DV‡e| ZvB GB wZbwU Dcv`v‡bi mgš^q mvab `jxq m`m¨‡`i mvgvwRK I Ae¯’vbMZ welqvw`I
AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| we‡ePbvq Avb‡Z nq| DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i Dc‡`k
Mªn‡Yi AvMªn I mw`”Qv _vK‡Z nq | cwiKíbv
7. gaycyi D”P we`¨vj‡qi wk¶v_©xiv wk¶v md‡i gaycyi cªYq‡b mnvqZv I Ask MªnY wbwðZ Ki‡Z nq|
GjvKvi cvk¦©eZ©x GKwU mvgvwRK eb cwi`k©b K‡i| DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i cwieZ©b mnbkxjZv I MªnY‡hvM¨Zv
wk¶K wk¶v_©x‡`i Rvbvq, †`‡k e‡bi cwigvY `ªæZ _vK‡Z nq|
nªvm cvIqvq| GjvKvi we‡kl †kªwYi gvby‡li mvgvwRK ebvq‡bi DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i Dc‡i DwjøwLZ
mn‡hvwMZvq GB ai‡bi e‡bi m…wó Kiv n‡”Q| GB eb ¸Yvewjmg~n _vK‡Z n‡e| Zvn‡jB mvgvwRK ebvqb
†_‡K GjvKvi gvbyl †hgb DcK…Z nq †Zgwb †`‡ki Kvh©µg mdj n‡e|
Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bI G eb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb iv‡L|
K. †flR Dw™¢` Kv‡K e‡j? N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ ebwU n‡jv mvgvwRK eb|
L. K…wl †gjvi Rb¨ wbe©vwPZ †Kvb ai‡bi dmj †`‡ki Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœqb, cªvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki
cªRvwZ wbe©vPb Kiv nq? fvimvg¨ i¶vq I Rxe‰ewPZª¨ msi¶‡Y mvgvwRK
M. DÏxc‡K †h we‡kl †kªwYi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q D³ ebvq‡bi Ae`vb Acwimxg| mvgvwRK ebvq‡bi
eb m…wó‡Z Zv‡`i ¸Yvewj e¨vL¨v K‡iv| gva¨‡g Rbmvavi‡Yi †gŠwjK Pvwn`v c~iY nq|
N. D³ e‡bi ¸iæZ¡ we‡kølY K‡iv| cvkvcvwk cwi‡ek `~lY, giæwe¯Ívi I f~wg¶q †iv‡ai
7 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi gva¨‡g cªvK…wZK fvimvg¨ i¶v nq|
K. †h mKj ebR Dw™¢` ev G‡`i evKj, cvZv, wkKo, mvgvwRK ebvqb Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq evMvb ˆZwi,
dyj, dj cªf…wZ Ilya wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq Zv‡`i‡K cvnviv †`Iqv, i¶Yv‡e¶Y, AvmevecÎ ˆZwi,
†flR Dw™¢` ejv nq| weµq, bvm©vwi ¯’vcb BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g wecyj msL¨K
L. km¨ Drcv`‡bi bZyb †Kv‡bv cªhyw³ D™¢vweZ n‡j Zv †jv‡Ki Kg©ms¯’vb n‡q‡Q| †`‡k ebR m¤ú‡`i
†`‡ki m¤ú…³ weÁvbx I MY¨gvb¨ e¨w³‡`i wbKU cwigvY †e‡o‡Q eû¸‡Y| K…wl Kv‡Ri Abyc‡hvMx
Dc¯’vcb Kivi Rb¨ †h †gjvi Av‡qvRb Kiv nq ZvB cwZZ I Ae¨eüZ f~wg‡Z mvgvwRK ebvqb Kiv nq
K…wl‡gjv| e‡j f~wgi m‡e©vËg e¨envi wbwðZ nq| ZvQvov f~wgi
K…wl †gjvi Rb¨ AwaK Drcv`bkxj, wbw`©ó GjvKv I De©iZv I Drcv`b ¶gZv e…w× cvq Ges f~wg¶q †iva
†gŠmy‡gi Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx, me RvqMvq cvIqv hvq bv nq ev wbqš¿‡Y _v‡K| mvgvwRK eb GjvKvi
Ggb dmj cªRvwZ wbe©vPb Kiv nq| GLv‡b me©‡kl cwi‡ek‡K VvÛv, wbg©j I `~lYgy³ iv‡L| GgbwK
Avwe®‹…Z Ges D”P djbkxj gvV dm‡ji exR cª`k©b Av‡kcv‡ki AÂj‡K wewfbœ cªvK…wZK `y‡h©vM †hgb-
I mieivn Kiv nq| †hgb- webvavb-7, evwi Mg-25 Liv, N~wY©So, R‡jv”Q¡vm †_‡K i¶v K‡i| GQvov e…¶
BZ¨vw`| giægqZv †iva K‡i, evZv‡m Kve©b WvB-A·vB‡Wi
M. DÏxc‡K †h we‡kl †kªwYi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q Zviv n‡jb cwigvY I Kgvq I Aw·‡R‡bi cwigvY e…w× K‡i| eb
mvgvwRK ebvq‡bi DcKvi‡fvMx| cªvYx Lv`¨k…•Lj i¶v K‡i| wewfbœ cªRvwZi Dw™¢`,
RbM‡Yi mivmwi AskMªn‡Yi gva¨‡g gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Y cïcvwL, KxUcZ½, AYyRxe cvi¯úwiK wµqv-
miKv‡ii KvwiMwi I Avw_©K mnvqZvq mvgvwRK wewµqvi gva¨‡g Rxe‰ewPZª¨ MwZgq iv‡L| d‡j
GjvKvq e…¶‡ivcY K‡i mvgvwRK eb m…wó Kiv nq| cªvK…wZK fvimvg¨ eRvq _v‡K I Rxe‰ewPZª¨ msi¶Y
cªK‡íi mdjZv cªvq m¤ú~Y©i~‡c DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i nq|
mvgvwRK ebvq‡bi `vwqZ¡‡eva I Kg©Kv‡Ði Ici DwjøwLZ Av‡jvPbv †_‡K ejv hvq, mvgvwRK eb
wbf©ikxj| ebvq‡bi †¶‡Î Mevw` cïi AvµgY n‡Z Rxe‰ewPZª¨ i¶vq I †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b
evMvb i¶v Ki‡Z m¶g Ges evMvb i¶Yv‡e¶Y I ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb iv‡L|
cwiPh©v Ki‡Z Drmvnx n‡eb Ggb e¨w³‡K
DcKvi‡fvMx wn‡m‡e wbe©vPb Kiv nq| 8. Rvnvbvev` D”P we`¨vj‡qi wk¶v_©xiv e…¶‡ivcY w`em
DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i GK‡Î KvR Kivi gvbwmKZv, Dcj‡¶ we`¨vj‡qi Avw½bvq e…¶ †ivc‡Yi Kvh©µg
m¤ú‡`i wbe©vwPZ msi¶Y I `xN©‡gqvw` e¨envi MªnY K‡i| G Rb¨ Zviv we`¨vj‡qi gv‡Vi GK cªv‡šÍ
Dc‡hvMx Kivi Rb¨ mvsMVwbK `…pZv I `vwqZ¡ †gnMwb Pviv †ivc‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ 10wU MZ© ˆZwi K‡i|
 Gme M‡Z© cª‡qvRbxq cwigvY mvi cª‡qvM K‡i Ges eZ©gv‡b Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi †cª¶vc‡U wek¦‡K
Pviv †ivc‡Yi me avc h_vh_fv‡e cvjb K‡i| emev‡mi Dc‡hvMx ivLvi I Rxe‰ewPZª¨ i¶vi Rb¨
K. emZ eb Kx? e…¶‡ivc‡Yi †Kv‡bv weKí †bB| MvQ cª‡¯^`‡bi nvi
L. dmj K…wl e‡bi ˆewkó¨ †j‡Lv| evwo‡q cwi‡ek wbg©j iv‡L| evqygЇji Rjxq ev‡®úi
M. D³ M‡Z© cª‡qvMK…Z mv‡ii cwigvY wbY©q K‡iv| cwigvY evwo‡q AvenvIqvi PigfvevcbœZv nªvm K‡i|
N. wk¶v_©x‡`i Kvh©µ‡gi ¸iæZ¡ we‡kølY K‡iv| evqygЇji AwZwi³ Kve©b WvB A·vBW †kvlY K‡i
8 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi RxeK~‡ji †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ cª‡qvRbxq Aw·‡Rb
K. cvwievwiK cª‡qvRb †gUv‡bvi D‡Ï‡k¨ emZ evwoi mieivn K‡i| wkK‡oi mvnv‡h¨ avZe KYv‡K aviY
Avkcv‡k ¯^í cwim‡i MvQ jvwM‡q †h eb ˆZwi Kiv K‡i cvwb `~lY †iva K‡i| ˆewk¦K Dòvqb ev wMªb
nq ZvB emZ eb| nvDm cªwZwµqv †iv‡a f~wgKv iv‡L Ges ebR Dw™¢`
L. dmj K…wl e‡b GKB mv‡_ GKB Rwg‡Z f~wgi Av”Qv`b wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i Ges f~wg¶q †iva
ch©vqµwgKfv‡e e…¶, Lv`¨ I cïLv‡`¨i Pvlvev` Kiv K‡i| ebvÂj, evqy cªev‡ni MwZ‡iva K‡i cwi‡e‡ki
nq| dmj K…wl e‡bi ˆewkó¨ wbgœiƒc- wech©q Kgvq| ebvÂj SoSÅv I R‡jv”Q¡vmRwbZ
i. cªavb D‡Ïk¨ Lv`¨ Drcv`b Kiv| ¶q¶wZ nªvm K‡i| eb¨ RxeRš‘, cvwL I KxUcZ½‡K
ii. ¯^í Li‡P eb m…wó Kiv hvq| Avkªq †`q Ges Lv`¨ †hvMvq|
iii. ¯’vb‡f‡` wfbœ wfbœ MvQ I AvšÍtdm‡ji mgš^‡q ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki wk¶v_©x‡`i Kvh©µgwU
MVb Kiv hvq| h_vh_ I hyw³hy³|
iv. emZ e‡b Pvl Kiv hvq|
M. wk¶v_©xiv e…¶‡ivcY Kvh©µ‡g Ask Mªn‡Yi Rb¨ 9. nvwee mv‡ne evwoi cv‡ki `yB LÛ wbPy Rwg‡Z d‡ji
we`¨vj‡qi Avw½bvq 10wU †gnMwb Mv‡Qi Pviv evMvb Ki‡jb|
†ivc‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ MZ© ˆZwi K‡i| K. cÎSiv eb Kv‡K e‡j?
e…‡¶i Pviv †ivc‡Yi wKQy wbqgKvbyb cvjb Ki‡Z L. K…wl †gjvi ¸iæZ¡ e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
nq| Mv‡Qi Pviv mwVKfv‡e †ivcY Ki‡j MvQ `ªæZ M. DÏxc‡Ki Kvh©µgwUi Rb¨ Av`k© ¯’v‡bi
¯^¯’v‡b cªwZwôZ nq Ges †e‡o I‡V| Pviv †ivc‡Yi ˆewk󨸇jv †j‡Lv|
Rb¨ MZ© ˆZwi LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© avc| cªwZwU M‡Z©i Rb¨ N. nvwee mv‡n‡ei Rwg‡Z d‡ji evMvb Kiv
10 †KwR †Mvei, 3 †KwR QvB, 150 Mªvg BDwiqv, KZUyKy hyw³hy³ gZvgZ `vI|
100 Mªvg wUGmwc Ges 75 Mªvg GgIwc mvi cª‡qvM 9 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
Ki‡Z nq| wk¶v_©xiv †h‡nZy 10wU MZ© ˆZwi K. kxZKv‡j e…wócvZ I Zv‡ci Afv‡e †h e‡bi Mv‡Qi
K‡iwQj| ZvB Zv‡`i M‡Z© mvi cª‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e- cvZv S‡i c‡o Zv‡K cÎSiv eb (†hgb- kvj eb)
†Mvei 10 × 10 = 100 †KwR, BDwiqv 10 × 150 = e‡j|
1500 Mªvg ev 1.5 †KwR, wUGmwc 100 × 10 = 1000 L. K…wl †gjvq K…l‡Ki Drcvw`Z I evQvBK…Z K…wlcY¨
Ges dmj Drcv`b, msi¶Y, gvovB, SvovB BZ¨vw`i
Mªvg ev 1 †KwR, QvB 3 × 10 = 30 †KwR, GgIwc
DbœZ cªhyw³ cª`k©b I weµq Kiv nq|
75 × 10 = 750 Mªvg|
G †gjvi gva¨‡g K…l‡Kiv cwie‡km¤§Z Dcv‡q K…wl
Pvivi e…w× A‡bKvs‡k mwVK cwigvY mvi cª‡qv‡Mi
Drcv`‡b DØy× nq| Drcv`b e…w×i j‡¶¨ K…lK‡`i
Ici wbf©i K‡i| ZvB Pviv †ivc‡Yi †¶‡Î mZK©Zvi
gv‡S cªwZ‡hvwMZvi g‡bvfve m…wó nq| wewfbœ
mv‡_ mvi cª‡qv‡Mi cwigvY wba©viY Kiv Riæwi|
†Kv¤úvwb Zv‡`i cª¯ÍyZK…Z K…wl DcKiY I hš¿cvwZ
evRviRvZKi‡Yi my‡hvM cvq| G‡Z mvwe©Kfv‡e
N. DÏxc‡Ki wk¶v_©xiv e…¶‡ivc‡Yi Kvh©µg MªnY K‡i|
†`‡ki K…wli Z_v K…wl A_©bxwZi Dbœqb mvwaZ nq|
†Kv‡bv GjvKvi e…wócvZ, ZvcgvÎv, eb¨v, Liv,
ZvB ejv hvq, K…wl †gjvi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg|
R‡jv”Q¡vm BZ¨vw` ebvÂj Øviv e¨vcKfv‡e cªfvweZ
M. DÏxc‡K nvwee mv‡ne Zvi evwoi cv‡ki cwZZ
nq| ZvB mKj GjvKvq cwi‡e‡ki cªvK…wZK fvimvg¨
Rwg‡Z d‡ji evMvb K‡ib| d‡ji evMvb Kivi †¶‡Î
i¶vi Rb¨ 25% ebf~wg _vKv cª‡qvRb| wKš‘
Av`k© ¯’v‡bi ˆewk󨸇jv wb‡P †`qv n‡jv-
Avgv‡`i †`‡k miKvwi wn‡m‡e cªK…Z ebf~wgi cwigvY
 Rwg DuPy n‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z eb¨vi cvwb bv D‡V|
17% Ges †emiKvwifv‡e cªK…Z ebf~wgi cwigvY
 gvwUi eybU De©i, †`vAvuk ev †e‡j †`vAvuk
10% Gi Kg|
cªK…wZi n‡Z n‡e|
  gvwUi A¤øgvb 6-7 Ges ˆRe c`v_© mg…× n‡Z 19 cªRvwZi DfPi cªvYx Ges cªvq 5,000 cªRvwZi
n‡e| gvQ cvIqv hvq|
 Pviv †ivc‡Yi ¯’vb Qvqvgy³ n‡Z n‡e| M. mygb mvgvwRK ebvq‡b Ask wb‡q‡Q| `vwq‡Z¡i Ask
 wbe©vwPZ ¯’v‡bi gvwU mywb®‹vwkZ n‡e Ges wn‡m‡e mygb Pviv †ivcY M‡Z© mvi cª‡qvM Ki‡Q| M‡Z©
AwZwi³ cvwb R‡g _vK‡e bv| mvi cª‡qv‡Mi cieZ©x avcwU n‡jv Pviv †ivcY| 10-
 RvqMvwU †Lvjv‡gjv Ges m~h©v‡jvKhy³ (ˆ`wbK 15 w`b ci mygb D³ M‡Z© Pviv †ivcY Ki‡e|
4-5 NÈv m~h©v‡jvK) n‡Z n‡e| wba©vwiZ w`‡b we‡Kj †ejv †m Pviv †ivc‡Yi KvRwU
 emZevwoi `w¶Y I c~e© cv‡k n‡j fv‡jv nq| Ki‡e| cª_‡g †m Zvi mvi cª‡qvMK…Z RvqMvq Pvivi
N. DÏxc‡K nvwee mv‡n‡ei emZevwoi cv‡ki RwgwU †Mvovi AvKvi Abymv‡i GKwU MZ© Ki‡e| wba©vwiZ
g~jZ wbPy| PvivwU U‡e ev cwjw_‡b _vK‡j Zv Ly‡j wb‡e| Zvici
d‡ji evMvb Kivi †¶‡Î Rwg wbe©vPb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq| PvivwU †m `yB nv‡Z M‡Z© ewm‡q w`‡e| Gici Pvivi
d‡ji evMvb Kivi Rb¨ myôy I Kvh©Ki cwiKíbv Kiv †Mvov nvjKv †P‡c w`‡e| Gmgq cv‡ki big gvwU‡Z
Riæwi| d‡ji evMv‡bi Rwg Aek¨B eb¨vgy³ DuPy I Ggbfv‡e Pvc w`‡e †hb PvivwU †mvRv _v‡K| Pviv
mvgvwRK GjvKv (emZ evwoi Av‡kcv‡k) n‡Z n‡e| cv‡Î _vK‡j †m cvÎ †f‡½ Pviv †ivcY Ki‡e|
GQvov gvwU De©i, mywbw®‹vwkZ Ges †`vAvuk I G‡Uj me‡k‡l Pvivi Pvicv‡ki Lvwj RvqMv †m gvwU w`‡q
†`vAvuk cªK…wZi n‡Z n‡e| emZ evwoi Av‡kcv‡k fivU K‡i †`‡e| Pviv Mv‡Qi †eu‡P _vKv I wVKfv‡e
d‡ji evMvb Ki‡j Zv `w¶Y I c~e© cv‡k n‡j fv‡jv †e‡o IVvi Rb¨ mwVKfv‡e Pviv †ivcY Kiv AZ¨šÍ
nq| Riæwi| ZvB mygb Zvi ˆZwi M‡Z© DcwiwjøwLZ Dcv‡q
d‡ji evMv‡bi Rb¨ Rwg DuPy wbe©vPb Kivi KviY Pviv Pviv †ivcY K‡i|
MvQ `xN© mgq cvwb‡Z Wy‡e _vK‡j G‡`i †Mvov c‡P N. mygb ivwKe‡K mvgvwRK ebvq‡bi D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K©
hvq| hvi d‡j dj Mv‡Qi Pviv gviv hvq| Avevi eb¨v ejj|
ev e…wó n‡jI cvwb R‡g dj` e…‡¶i Pviv ¶wZMª¯Í mvgvwRK ebvqb Ggb GK eb e¨e¯’vcbv hvi mv‡_
nq| cwjøi `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôx IZ‡cªvZfv‡e RwoZ| G
A_©vr, nvwee mv‡n‡ei emZevwoi cv‡ki `yB LÛ wbPy ebvqb‡K ¯’vbxq Rb‡Mvôxi Kj¨v‡Y e…¶ m¤ú` Dbœqb
Rwg‡Z d‡ji evMvb Kivi wm×všÍwU †hŠw³K nqwb| Kg©KvÐ bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv nq|
mvgvwRK ebvq‡bi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv miKvwi ebv‡ji
10. ivwKe Zvi eÜy mygb‡K GKw`b iv¯Ívi cv‡k GKUv evwn‡ii cªvwšÍK I cwZZ Rwg ebvq‡bi gva¨‡g
M‡Z© mvi cª‡qvM Ki‡Z †`Lj| ivwKe iv¯Ívi cv‡k G Rbmvavi‡Yi Pvwn`v c~iY K‡i evowZ Av‡qi gva¨‡g
KvR Kivi KviY Rvb‡Z PvB‡j mygb ejj †m Zv‡`i Rxe‡bi gvb I cwi‡e‡ki Av_©-mvgvwRK
mvgvwRK ebvq‡b Ask wb‡q‡Q| mygb ivwKe‡K G Dbœqb mvab Kiv| KywUi wk‡íi KvuPvgvj mieiv‡ni
ai‡bi ebvq‡bi D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K©I ejj| j‡¶¨ emZ evwo I Lvgvi ch©v‡q wewea MvQcvjv
K. cÎSiv eb Kv‡K e‡j? Drcv`b Kiv| cwjø GjvKvq K…wl-eb cªhyw³ cªeZ©‡bi
L. evsjv‡`k Rxe‰ewP‡Îi fvÐvi wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ gva¨‡g f~wgi h_vh_ e¨envi wbwðZ Kiv Ges
†Kb? Drcv`b e…w×i gva¨‡g Avw_©K Dbœqb mvab Kiv|
M. myg‡bi cieZ©x Kv‡Ri avc Kx? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| g~j¨evb KvV, d‡ji MvQ I `ªæZ ea©bkxj R¡vjvwb
N. me©‡k‡l mygb ivwKe‡K hv ejj Zv we‡kølY Kv‡Vi MvQ jvwM‡q Rwgi Drcv`b e…w× Kiv| Mv‡Qi
K‡iv| dvu‡K dvu‡K K…wlR dmj, dj I mewRi Pvl K‡i
10 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi Avw_©K Dbœqb mvab Kiv| MªvgxY `yt¯’, `wi`ª I
K. kxZKv‡j e…wócvZ I Zv‡ci Afv‡e †h e‡bi Mv‡Qi Kg©nxb‡`i ebvq‡bi mv‡_ m¤ú…³ K‡i Zv‡`i
cvZv S‡i c‡o Zv‡K cÎSiv eb e‡j| Kg©ms¯’vb I Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœqb mvab| Rwg‡Z ˆRe
L. Avgv‡`i Pvwicvk¦©¯’ cwi‡e‡k eZ©gvb wewfbœ ai‡bi mv‡ii mieivn e…w×i gva¨‡g De©iZv e…w× Kiv,
Rx‡ei Dcw¯’wZ I mnve¯’vbB n‡”Q Rxe‰ewPÎ| f~wg¶q, `y‡h©vM, eb¨v wbqš¿Y Kiv| MªvgxY RbMY‡K
evsjv‡`k‡K Rxe‰ewP‡Zª¨i fvÐvi ejv nq KviY G ¯^wbf©i n‡Z mnvqZv Kiv Ges Zv‡`i †gŠwjK Pvwn`v
†`‡k cªvq 5000 cªRvwZi Dw™¢`, 579 cªRvwZi cvwL, c~iY Kiv| meyR MvQcvjvi gva¨‡g cªvK…wZK fvimvg¨
125 cªRvwZi ¯Íb¨cvqx cªvYx, 124 cªRvwZi mixm…c, eRvq ivLv, cwi‡ek `~lY wbqš¿Y Kiv wPËwe‡bv`‡bi
e¨e¯’v Kiv|
mvgvwRK ebvq‡bi †¶‡Î g~jZ cwi‡ekMZ Dbœq‡bi
cvkvcvwk, wQbœg~j Rbmvavi‡Yi Pvwn`v c~iY I Zv‡`i
Kg©ms¯’v‡bi w`‡K †Rvi cª`vb Kiv nq| AZGe,
†`‡ki Av_©-mvgvwRK DbœqbB mvgvwRK ebvq‡bi
Ab¨Zg D‡Ïk¨|