ALCOHOL

Alcoholi
sapotenti
all
yaddi
cti
vesubstance.I
tist
hemostwi
del
yusedsubst
ancei
n
thewor l
d and i
soneoft heoldestand
most popular psy
chotr
opi
c substance/
drugsknowntomankind.

TYPESOFALCOHOLSI
NINDI
A:
 Indi
an Made Forei
gn Liquor
s[I
MFL]– whi ch are dr
inks made inI ndi
a
accordi
ngtospeci
fi
cat
ionsofInter
nat
ionalbr
[Link],Br
andy,Rum,
Vodka,Ginet
c.

 Beer
sofdi
ff
erentst
rengt
hsandwi
ne

 I
ndi
an madecountryl
i
quor(
IMCL)
,whi
ch ar
edr
inksmadei
nIndi
a wi
th
gov
ernmentl
i
cense;

 Home brewed countr

yli
quor(HBCL)
,which ar
eil
legal
l
ybr
ewed butar
e
consumedwidel
[Link]
esar
etoddy,
mahuaandchang

 Methanoli
sthemostdangerousadul
teranti
nil
l
ici
tal
coholandi
sof
tent
he
causeofli
fet
hreat
eni
ng―hoochtr
agedies

AVAI
LABLEFORMS:
St
rongerli
quor
s,howev
er,hav
e become av
ail
abl
ein moder
nti
mes t
hrough
di
sti
ll
ati
on.

Al
cohol
icdr
inksar
eavai
labl
eint
hevar
iousf
orms.

 ‘
Dist
il
ledspi
ri
ts’orIMFL(
Indi
anMadeForei
gnLiquor
)suchaswhi
sky
,br
andy
,
r
um andgincontains35%to50%al
coholwher
eas

 beer
sor
dinar
il
ycont
ain4t
o5%.

 Wi
nescont
ainappr
oxi
mat
ely12%al
cohol
.

 However,f
ort
if
iedwines(
prepar
edbyaddi
ngbr
andyt
owi
ne)maycont
ain
about20%ofalcohol
.

Duet
othesev
ari
ati
ons,al
cohol
i
cdr
inksmeasur
edi
n“St
andar
duni
ts”
,onest
andar
d
uni
tofal
coholi
s10mlofabsol
uteal
cohol
.

Thest
andar
ddr
inkorauni
tofal
coholcor
respondst
o10mlofabsol
uteal
cohol
.

OneStandardDr
ink=½bott
leofSt
andardBeer=¼bott
leofSt
rongBeer=1peg(
30
ml.
)Spiri
ts=½packetofAr
rack=1glass(125ml.
)oftabl
ewine=1glass(
60ml.)
for
ti
fi
edwi ne

HOW DOESALCOHOLCAUSEADDI
CTI
ON?
Alcoholl
ikeotheraddi
cti
vesubst
ances,acti
vat
esandaff
ect
sthebrai
n'
spleasure
cir
cuit
.Overti
me,thebrai
nactual
l
ychangesincert
ainway
ssothatapower
fulurge
tousealcoholcont
rol
stheper
sons’behav
iour
.

TYPESOFPROBLEM DRI
NKI
NG:
Dependi
ngont
hesever
it
y,t
her
ear
eat
leastt
hreedi
ff
erentt
ypesofdr
inki
ng:

a)Hazar
dousdr
inki
ng:Whenapersondri
nksinawaywhichincr
easest
hei
rri
skof
dev
elopi
ngsomephysi
cal
,ment
alorsoci
alhar
minthef
uture.

b)Harmfuldr
inking:Whenaper sondr
inksi
nawaywhi chhasalreadystar
ted
causi
ngsomephy si
cal(
[Link]
verdamage)
,ment
al(
[Link]
essi
on)orsoci
alhar
m( eg.
argument
swit
hf amil
yorfr
iends)

c)Dependentdri
nking:Themostseveredri
nkingpr
oblem andusuall
yinv
olv
esdai l
y
dri
nki
[Link]
ncludesacombi nat
ionofharmfuluseofalcohol
,cr
avingandpresence
ofwit
hdrawalsymptomsi ft
heydonotdri
nk.

WI
THDRAWALSYMPTOMS:
 Coar
set
remor
sofhands,
tongueorey
eli
dsl
ater

 Nausea/v
omi
ti
ng

 Mal
aise/weakness

 I
ncr
easedpul
se

 Sweat
ing

 El
evat
edbl
oodpr
essur
e

 Anxi
ety

 Depr
essed/i
rr
it
abl
emood
  Headacheandsl
eepl
essness

Somet
imeonecoul
dhav
esev
erewi
thdr
awalandmayhav
e

 Fi
ts

 Di
sor
ient
ati
on

 Hal
l
uci
nat
ions,

 I
ll
usi
onsanddel
usi
ons

ADVERSEEFFECTSOFALCOHOL:
Al
coholconsumpt
ionhas:

 numer
ousheal
thandsoci
alconsequences

 i
sani
mpor
tantcont
ri
but
ort
odeat
handdi
sabi
l
ity

 af
fect
smostoft
heor
gansoft
hebody

 Wor
ldwi
de,
alcoholcauses1.
8mi
l
li
ondeat
hseachy
ear

Bl
oodAl
coholConcent
rat
ion Ef
fect
s
(
BAC)mg/ dl
<80  Euphori
a,f
eel
ingofr
elaxati
onandtalki
ngf
reel
y,cl
umsy
mov ement
sofhandsandl egs,r
educedal
ert
nessbut
bel
ieveshi
mselft
obealert
.

>80  Noi
sy,moody
,impai
red j
udgement
,impai
red dr
ivi
ng
abi
l
ity

100-
200  Electr
oencephalographi
c changes beg into appear,
Blurr
ed v i
sion, unsteady gait
, gross mot or in-
coordinat
ion,slurr
ed speech,aggr
essi
ve,quar
relsome,
talki
ngloudly

200-
300  Amnesi
afort
heexper
ience–bl
ackout
.

300-
350  Coma

355-
600  Maycauseorcont
ri
but
etodeat
h

1)PHYSICALEFFECTSOFALCOHOL:Al
coholcannegat
ivel
yaf
fectal
mostev
ery
par
toft
hebody.
Li
ver
:Condi
ti
onssuchasf
att
yli
ver
,al
cohol
i
chepat
it
is,
fibr
osi
s,ci
rr
hosi
sandl
i
vercancer
may
dev
elop.

Digest
ivesy stem:ul cer
s,nut
ri
entdef
ici
enci
es,i
ntest
inalpr
obl
ems,oesophageal
cancer
, gast
riccanceretc

Pancr
eas:pancr
eat
it
is.

Cent
ral nervous system ( CNS)
: Effect
s may incl
ude conf
usion, impai
red
coor
dinat
ion,st
roke,
braindamage,l
ear
ningprobl
ems,
andmemorydif
ficul
ti
es.

Cardi
ovascular(CV)healt
h:Consumi ngt
oomuchalcoholi
sl i
nkedt
ohighbl
ood
pr
essure,i
rregul
arheart
beat,t
roublepumpingbl
oodt
hroughthebody
,bl
oodcl
ots,
st
roke,car
diomyopathyorhear
tattack.

Reproducti
veheal
th:Bothmenandwomenmayhav ereducedf
erti
l
itywi
thl
ong-t
erm,
heavydrinki
[Link] ar epregnantareatincr
easedriskformiscar
ri
age,
sti
l
lbi
rth,
orhavi
ngachi l
dwit
habnor
malit
ies.

2)PSYCHOLOGI CALEFFECTS:Har mf ulordependentdri

nki
ngcancausedepressi
on
(persist
entsadnessandlossofi nter
estwi threducedsl
eep/appet
it
e,gui
ltf
eeli
ngs,
feeli
ngsofhopelessnessetc.
),anxiet
y( fearorwor r
ywit
houtanyapparentr
eason),
suicidal
it
y,l
ossofmemor yandhal l
uci
nat i
ons.

Ot
heref
fect
s:

• sl
eepchanges,
• al
terationsinmood,
• personalit
ychanges,
• i
mpai redconcentr
ati
on.

3)OCCUPATI
ONALPROBLEMS

 Poorwor
kper
for
mance

 Absent
eei
sm

 Poorr
elat
ionshi
pwi
thcol
l
eague

 Di
sci
pli
nepr
obl
ems

 Lossofj
ob

 Fr
equentj
obchanges

 Lackofef
fi
ciency

4)FI
NANCI
AL:
  Ov
erexpendi
tur
eonal
cohol

 Debt
s

5)SOCI
AL:

 St
igma

 I
sol
ati
on

 Lossofr
especti
nsoci
ety

6)FAMI
LY:

 mar
it
aldi
shar
mony

 domest
icv
iol
ence

 negl
ectofpar
ent
alr
esponsi
bil
i
ties

7)LEGAL:

 Fi
ght
s

 Acci
dent
s

 Cr
ime

 Ot
heri
l
legalact
ivi
ti
esl
i
kest
eal
i
ng,
robbi
ng

REFERENCE:

[Link]
i
dhar
[Link]
.Alcohol
,Dr
ugmi suseandOt heraddi
cti
ons:Whatt
o
knowandhowt
ogethel
[Link]
e.2009.

[Link],[Link]
anceusedi
sor
der
s:AManualf
orpar
amedi
calSt
aff
.
2009

[Link]
anceusedi
sor
der
sManualf
orphy
sici
[Link]
.2005

[Link]
labl
ef r
om:ht
tps:
//www.
niaaa.
nih.
gov
/al
cohol
s-ef
fect
s-heal
th/
alcohol
s-
ef
fects-
body
[Link],Nandkar
niA,Vel
l
eman R,Pat
[Link]
l
ing ForAl
cohol
Probl
ems( CAP)
.2013