Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Concept of Administration and management

Educational Administration Meaning and Nature
Administration is a machinery through which any organization or institution can be managed.
It is a mean set up for a smooth and efficient working of educational structure. Educational
administration is the direction, control and management of all matters pertaining to school
affairs. Direction is the leadership with in the community and the school system. Control and
management are the means for realization of purposes defined in educational planning.
Education is in the control of the state as certain controls are at the state level in the form of
constitutional provisions, enactments and also as executive activities. Management
designates a broad function, which the responsibilities related to the school, pupils, teachers
and other affair related to the school.
Russel T. Gregg defines, "Educational administration is the process of utilizing appropriate
materials in such a way as to promote effectively the development of human qualities. It is
concerned not only with the development of children and youth but also with the growth of
adults and particularly with the growth of school personnel.
Good's Dictionary of Education defines educational administration as, "All those techniques
and procedures employed in operating the educational organization in accordance with
established policies.”
Educational administration is concerned with the dealing and also coordinating the activities
of groups of people. It is the dynamic side of education. Educational philosophy sets the goal;
educational psychology explains the principles of teaching and educational administration
deals with the educational practices. It is planning, directing, controlling, executing and
evaluating the educative process.

Management
“Management is getting work done through others”
Pat Corrigan’s a former elementary school principal who became a manager at a General
Motors' car parts plant says. "I've never made a part in my life and I don't really have any
plans to make one. That's not my job. My job is to create an environment where people who
do make them can make them right, can make them right the first time can make them at a
competitive cost and can do so with some sense of responsibility and pride in what they’re
doing. I don't have to know how to make a part to do any of those things. Pat Corrigan’s
description, of managerial responsibilities indicates that managers also have to, be
concerned with efficiency and effectiveness in the work process Efficiency is getting work
done with a minimum of effort, expense, or waste. Managers must also strive for
effectiveness, which is accomplishing tasks that help fulfill organizational objectives, such as
customer service and satisfaction.
Definition of management
1. According to Follett "Management is the art of getting things done through others."

2. According to J.D. Mooney and A.C. Railey "Management is the art of directing and
inspiring people." Management not only directs but motivates people in the organization for
getting their best for obtaining objectives.

“Management is a social process, which is designed to ensure cooperation, participation,

intervention and involvement, of others in the effective achievement of given or determined
 objectives. Similarly educational management is also a process of validating purposes and
allocating sources to achieve the maximum attainment of purposes with the minimum
allocation of resources.”
“Management is the act of directing and controlling a group of people for the purpose of
coordinating and harmonizing the group towards accomplishing a goal beyond the scope of
individual effort. Management encompasses the deployment and manipulation of human
resources, financial resources, technological resources, and natural resources.”
“Management in simple terms means the act of getting people together to accomplish
desired goals. Management comprises planning, organizing, resourcing, leading or directing,
and controlling an organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the
purpose of accomplishing a goal. Resourcing encompasses the deployment and manipulation
of human resources, financial resources, technological resources, and natural resources.””
We define “management as the process of designing and maintaining an environment in
individuals which working together in groups, accomplish efficiently selected aims.” This
basic definition needs to be expanded.
1. As managers, people carry out the managerial functions of planning, organizing,
staffing, leading, and controlling.
2. Management applies to any kind of organization.
3. It applies to managers at all organizational levels.
4. The aim of all managers is the same: to create a surplus products right in time.
5. Managing is concerned with productivity; that implies effectiveness and efficiency.

The term management has two meanings;

1. Management as a group of functional people.
2. Management as performance/ process/activity

1. Management as a Group of Functional People

The term management refers to the personnel in an organization who have the right and
responsibility to make decisions and run the enterprise efficiently within the policies defined in this way, the
primary purpose of management is to make possible the accomplishment of above state objectives with the
human material resources available to them. Usually the management of a company, organization or
institution is described as '“Board of Directors,” “Council” or “Board of Governors”.
2. Management as Function/ Process/ Activity
The term management is also used to refer to the functions or activity of managing resources, tasks
and other persons in order to achieve the defined objectives. Thus defined management refers to human
activities related to planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, communicating and controlling.

1.2 Understanding the concept of Educational Administration and management

Education is one of the most important parts of human development. For education to run
smoothly in schools, colleges, and universities, there must be proper planning, organization,
and guidance. This is where educational administration and management come into play.
Both terms are closely related, but they are not exactly the same. Let us understand them
clearly.
 What is Educational Administration?
Educational administration refers to the overall process of planning, organizing, directing,
and controlling the activities of an educational institution. It focuses on achieving the goals
of education in the best possible way. The main aim of administration is to create a
supportive environment where teaching and learning can happen effectively.

For example, in a school, the principal and administrators decide:

What subjects should be taught
How many teachers are needed
How to arrange classrooms and facilities
How to evaluate student performance
In simple words, administration is about making big decisions and guiding the whole system
so that education runs properly.

What is Educational Management?

Educational management is more about the practical execution of the policies and plans
made by the administration. It deals with the day-to-day running of the institution.
Management makes sure that the decisions of administration are carried out effectively.

For example, in a school, management takes care of:

Preparing the timetable
Assigning teachers to classes
Maintaining discipline among students
Ensuring resources like books, labs, and technology are used properly
In short, management is the act of doing things according to the plan, while administration
focuses on planning and setting the direction.

The Relationship between Administration and Management

Although they are different, both administration and management work together.
Administration is like the brain that thinks and plans, while management is like the hands
that act and implement. Without good administration, the goals of education will not be
clear, and without good management, even the best plans will fail.
Importance of Educational Administration and Management

Clear Goals – They ensure that the purpose of education (like academic growth, character
building, and skills development) is properly defined.

Efficient Use of Resources – Proper management avoids wastage of time, money, and
materials.
Quality Education – Through good administration and management, teaching and learning
improve.
Discipline and Order – They maintain a peaceful and organized environment in schools.
Adaptation to Change – With fast changes in technology and society, administration and
management help institutions adjust quickly.

1.3 Need, rationale and significance of Educational Administration and Management

1.4 Difference between Educational Administrator and Educational Manager

1.5 Understanding the Management theories for better management

1.6 Understanding the management and Administrative Process