​Science (class-6)

Objective Type Questions

1. Name the following:

(a) The nutrients present in our food which mainly give energy to our body → Carbohydrates and fats
(b) The nutrient which is needed for the growth and repair of our body → Proteins
(c) The main carbohydrate which we eat in our food → Starch
(d) A vitamin required for maintaining good eyesight → Vitamin A
(e) An important mineral present in (i) apple → Iron, (ii) sea fish → Iodine
(f) Two components of food which do not provide any nutrients → Dietary fibre and water
(g) The foods (and drinks) which are tasty but not very healthy for our body → Junk foods / Soft drinks
(h) Four grains which are called nutri-cereals → Jowar, Bajra, Ragi, Foxtail millet
(i) The solution which can be used to test the presence of starch in a food → Iodine solution
(j) The vitamin easily destroyed by heat during the cooking of food → Vitamin C

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2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

(a) Deficiency of iron in the diet causes a disease known as anaemia.

(b) Deficiency diseases can be prevented by eating a balanced diet.
(c) A disease caused by the deficiency of iodine in the body is goitre.
(d) Potato chips are an example of junk food.
(e) The entire distance travelled by a bag of wheat from the producer to the consumer is known as its food
miles.
(f) When customers at a restaurant do not finish the food and leftover food is thrown into a dustbin, it is called
food wastage.

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3. State whether the following statements are true or false:

(a) The diet of a growing child should contain more of fat-rich foods than the diet of a grown up man. → False
(b) The diet of a labourer should contain more carbohydrates than another man doing normal work. → True
(c) Potato wafers are more nutritious than roasted chickpea. → False
(d) Peanuts show the presence of both fats and proteins. → True
(e) Sugar is a carbohydrate which gives instant energy. → True
(f) Reducing food miles is important to provide support to local farmers. → True

✨ Short Answer Type Questions

1. What is the function of fats in our body? Name three sources of fat in our food.

Ans- Functions of fats:

1. Fats are energy-giving nutrients. They provide twice as much energy as carbohydrates.
2. They help in keeping our body warm by forming a layer under the skin.
3. Fats also help in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K).
4. They act as a reserve food in our body.
Sources of fats: Butter, ghee, nuts, oil, cheese.

2. Name the major nutrients provided by the following foodstuffs:

Ans-
(a) Butter → Rich in fats, also contains vitamins A and D.
(b) Potatoes → Contain carbohydrates (mainly starch), and some fibre.
(c) Chapati → Made from wheat, provides carbohydrates and some proteins.
(d) Fish → Excellent source of proteins and minerals like iodine and phosphorus. Also provides healthy fats
(omega-3).
(e) Sugar → Provides carbohydrates (sucrose), which give instant energy.

3. What are energy-giving foods? Give two examples of energy-giving foods.

Ans- Energy-giving foods are foods that supply us with the energy required for work, play, growth, and body
functions.

The main nutrients in such foods are carbohydrates and fats.

Examples: Rice, wheat, bread, potatoes, butter, oil.

4. What are the functions of proteins in our body? Name five food items rich in proteins.

Ans- Functions of proteins:

1. They are called the body-building foods.
2. Help in the growth of children.
3. Repair the worn-out tissues of the body.
4. Help in the formation of enzymes and hormones.

Protein-rich foods: Pulses, eggs, milk, meat, fish, soya beans.

5. What is the function of vitamin B₁ in our body? Name two sources of vitamin B₁.

Ans- Functions:
•Vitamin B₁ (Thiamine) helps the body to convert food into energy.
•It is important for the proper functioning of nerves and muscles.
•Prevents the deficiency disease beri-beri.
Sources: Whole grains, nuts, pulses, peas.

6. Why are minerals necessary in our diet? Name five important minerals required by our body.

Ans- Need for minerals:

•Minerals are required in small amounts but are very important.
•They help in the formation of bones and teeth, healthy blood, and proper working of muscles and nerves.

Five important minerals: Calcium, Iron, Iodine, Phosphorus, Potassium.

7. How will you test the presence of starch in a food?

Ans- •Take a small piece of the food and add a few drops of iodine solution to it.
•If starch is present, the food will turn blue-black in colour.

Example: A boiled potato turns blue-black with iodine.

8. How will you show that groundnuts contain fat (or oil)?

Ans- •Crush groundnuts and place them between two pieces of paper.
•Press them hard with a stone or rolling pin.
•The paper will develop oily patches, showing the presence of fat.

9. Who needs more proteins in his daily diet in relation to body weight: a growing child or a grown up man?
Why?

Ans- A growing child needs more proteins than an adult.

Reason: Proteins are body-building foods, required for growth of bones, muscles, and tissues.

Adults need proteins mainly for repair of tissues, but children need them for growth + repair.

10. Why does a labourer need more carbohydrates in his diet than normal?

Ans- •A labourer does hard physical work all day.

•Carbohydrates provide the energy needed for such heavy work.

So, his diet should include more carbohydrate-rich foods like rice, wheat, bread, potatoes compared to a
person doing light work.

11. State two pre-cooking practices which lead to the loss of nutrients in food materials.

Ans- 1. Washing vegetables after cutting them → vitamins and minerals get lost in water.
2. Over-boiling or cooking food for a long time → destroys vitamins like C and B group.

12. Why should we include some fresh fruits and raw vegetables in our diet?
Ans- •Fresh fruits and raw vegetables are rich in vitamins, minerals and fibre.
•Cooking often destroys vitamin C and some B vitamins.
•Eating them raw ensures we get these nutrients in their natural form.

13. Name the vitamin whose deficiency causes rickets in children. Write the symptoms of disease called
rickets.

Ans- Vitamin D deficiency causes rickets.

Symptoms:
1. Weak and soft bones.
2. Bowed legs.
3. Pain in bones and delayed growth in children.

14. Name the disease caused by the deficiency of:

Ans-
(a) Vitamin A → Night blindness (poor vision in dim light).
(b) Vitamin B₁ → Beri-beri (weakness, loss of appetite, nerve problems).
(c) Vitamin C → Scurvy (bleeding gums, loose teeth, wounds not healing).
(d) Vitamin D → Rickets (soft and weak bones in children).

15. The neck of a person appears to be swollen. Name the deficiency disease he is suffering from. What is the
cause of this disease?

Ans- •The person is suffering from Goitre.

•Cause: Deficiency of Iodine in the diet.
•Iodine is necessary for the thyroid gland to make hormones.

✨ Long Answer Type Questions

1. Name all the components of our food. What is the function of carbohydrates present in our food? Give three
sources of carbohydrates in our food.

Ans- Components of food:

Carbohydrates, Fats,Proteins, Vitamins,Minerals,Water and Dietary fibre (roughage)

Function of carbohydrates:
•Carbohydrates are the main energy-giving foods.
•They give us energy to work, play, walk, run, and perform all activities.
•Extra carbohydrates are stored in the body as fat.

Sources: Rice, wheat, potatoes, bread, sugar.

2. Why are vitamins necessary in our food? What is the function of vitamin A in our body? Name two food
items in which vitamin A is found.

Ans- Need for vitamins:

1. Vitamins protect us from diseases and keep our body healthy.
2. They help in the proper functioning of different body parts.
3. They are needed only in small amounts but are very important.

Function of vitamin A:
•Maintains good eyesight, especially in dim light.
•Keeps skin and growth healthy.
Sources of vitamin A: Carrots, milk, butter, green leafy vegetables, fish oil.

3. State the functions of water in our body. How do we get most of the water needed by our body?

Ans- Functions of water:

1. Helps in digestion and absorption of food.
2. Transports nutrients and oxygen to all body parts.
3. Removes waste products through urine and sweat.
4. Helps to regulate body temperature.
5. Keeps our skin and cells hydrated.

Sources of water:
•We get water from drinking water, milk, juices, tea, etc.
•Fruits and vegetables like watermelon, cucumber, and orange also give water.

4. What is dietary fibre? What is the function of dietary fibre in our body? Name two sources of dietary fibre
in our food.

Ans- Dietary fibre (roughage): The part of plant food that cannot be digested by our body.

Functions:
1. Helps in movement of food through the digestive system.
2. Prevents constipation.
3. Keeps our digestive system healthy.
4. Gives a feeling of fullness, preventing overeating.
Sources: Fruits (apple, guava), vegetables (carrot, spinach), whole grains (wheat, oats).

5. Name two foods each rich in:

Ans-
(a) Fats → Butter, groundnuts
(b) Starch → Rice, potatoes
(c) Dietary fibre → Apple, whole wheat bread
(d) Protein → Eggs, pulses
6. What is a balanced diet? How does the balanced diet of a child differ from that of a grown up man?

Ans- Balanced diet:

•A diet which contains all the nutrients (carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals), water, and fibre in
proper amounts.
•It keeps us healthy and prevents diseases.

Difference between a child’s diet and an adult’s diet:

1. A child needs more proteins for growth of bones, muscles and tissues.
2. An adult requires more energy-giving foods (carbohydrates and fats) for daily activities.
3. A growing child also needs more calcium and vitamins for healthy growth.

7. Describe one test for detecting the presence of proteins in a food.

Ans- •Take a small sample of the food.

•Add a few drops of caustic soda solution to it.
•Then add a few drops of copper sulphate solution.
•If protein is present, the solution turns violet or purple.
•This is called the Biuret test.

8. What is meant by junk foods? Explain with examples. Also state one adverse effect of eating junk foods over
a long time.

Ans- Junk foods: • Foods which are tasty but have very little nutrients and are high in fats, sugar and salt.
•They provide energy but not much nutrition.

Examples: Pizza, burgers, chips, cold drinks, chocolates.

Adverse effects:
•Eating too much junk food regularly can cause obesity, weak bones, diabetes, and heart problems.
•It can also lead to lack of vitamins and minerals.

9. What are millets? Name four millets. Why are millets considered highly nutritious foods?

Ans- Millets: A group of grains also called nutri-cereals.

They are traditional foods grown in many parts of India.

Examples: Jowar, Bajra, Ragi, Foxtail millet.

•Rich in calcium, iron, proteins, fibre, and vitamins.

•Easy to digest.
•Keep us healthy and prevent diseases.

10. What is meant by wastage of food? Write some of the ways in which food wastage occurs in our country.

Ans- Food wastage: When edible food is thrown away or spoiled instead of being eaten.
Ways food is wasted:
1. Leftovers in hotels, restaurants, and homes.
2. Careless storage leading to food spoilage.
3. Grains lost during transport and improper handling.
4. Throwing away fruits and vegetables because of small spots or damage.
5. Cooking more than required.

11. What is meant by ‘food miles’? Describe the journey of food from farm to our plate.

Ans- Food miles: The distance food travels from the farm (producer) to the consumer’s plate.

Journey of food:
1. Food is grown by farmers in fields.
2. It is harvested and sent to markets or factories for processing.
3. Then it is packed and transported by trucks, trains, or ships.
4. It reaches shops where people buy it.
5. Finally, it is cooked at home and comes to our plate.
Lesser food miles mean fresher food and more support to local farmers.