Math Module: Introduction to Trigonometry
(10–12 hours instruction — can be adjusted)
Module Overview
This module introduces the basic concepts of trigonometry, focusing on right triangles,
trigonometric ratios, and real-world applications. Students will learn how to calculate unknown
sides and angles, use the unit circle, and apply trigonometry to solve problems in navigation,
physics, and engineering contexts.
Learning Outcomes
By the end of this module, students should be able to:
1. Define sine, cosine, and tangent ratios in right-angled triangles.
2. Apply trigonometric ratios to find missing sides and angles.
3. Use the Pythagorean theorem in solving triangle problems.
4. Interpret and use angles of elevation and depression.
5. Apply trigonometry to real-life and maritime problems (distance, height, bearings).
6. Demonstrate problem-solving skills with both manual and calculator methods.
Lesson Breakdown
Lesson 1: Introduction to Triangles & Pythagorean Theorem (2 hrs)
Review of triangle types.
Pythagoras’ theorem (a² + b² = c²).
Solving for unknown sides in right triangles.
Activity: Quick exercises (e.g., ladder against a wall problem).
Lesson 2: Trigonometric Ratios (2 hrs)
Definitions: sine, cosine, tangent.
SOH-CAH-TOA mnemonic.
Using calculators for trig values.
Activity: Students measure triangles in classroom (e.g., height of door using angle +
distance).
Lesson 3: Solving for Unknown Sides & Angles (2 hrs)
Step-by-step problem-solving method.
Using inverse trig functions (arcsin, arccos, arctan).
Practice: Word problems (building heights, ship mast height).
Lesson 4: Angles of Elevation & Depression (2 hrs)
Real-world applications: surveying, aviation, navigation.
Activity: Students solve angle of elevation problems using improvised clinometers.
Lesson 5: Applications in Navigation & Physics (2 hrs)
Bearings & directions (nautical relevance).
Distance across rivers, height of lighthouses, position fixing using trigonometry.
Problem-solving set: Navigation-based scenarios.
Lesson 6: Unit Circle & Beyond (2 hrs)
Intro to unit circle (degrees & radians).
Sine and cosine as coordinates on a circle.
Extension: periodicity and graphs (optional if time allows).
Activity: Plot sine & cosine graphs using calculator or spreadshe