I.

Rizal’s Life: Higher Education and Life Abroad

“To observe keenly the life and

culture, languages and
customs, industries and
commerce, and government
and laws of the European
nations in order to prepare
himself in the mighty task of
liberating his oppressed people
from Spanish tyranny.”
– Jose Rizal
 II. CONTENT
SUMMARY
Module 4 – Rizal’s Life: Higher Education and Life Abroad

• Glorious Student’s Life Starts at Ateneo de Municipal

• Success in Ateneo de Municipal
• Extra-Curricular Activities at Ateneo
• Literary Works of Jose Rizal in Ateneo
• The Release of his Mother from Prison
• The loves of Rizal during His Teenage Years
• College Life in Universidad de Santo Tomas
• The Literary Triumph of Rizal in UST
• Life in Barcelona and Madrid
• Rizal in Paris
• Rizal Joined in Masonry
• The Toast for Luna and Hidalgo
• The Academic Records of Rizal in Universidad Central de Madrid
• Rizal, Assimilation and Propaganda Movement
• The Conflict between Jose Rizal and Antonio Luna
• The Conflict Between Rizal and Wenceslao Retana
• The Conflict Between Marcelo H. Del Pilar and Rizal

III. LEARNING OUTCOMES

After completing this module, you should be able to:

1. Describe the life of Rizal in Ateneo and in UST;

2. Explain the principle of assimilation advocated by the Propaganda Movement;
3. Appraise the relationship of Rizal and other Propagandists and
4. Analyze Rizal’s growth as a propagandist.
 LECTURE NOTES

Glorious Student’s Life Starts at Ateneo De Municipal

- Jose Rizal had his Bachiller en Artes at the school of the Jesuits. This religious order loved
Jose so much, in fact in 1892 when he was exiled in Dapitan, the real sentence for him
was execution but because of the Jesuits he was just exiled. In Ateneo, he excelled in
academics, in extracurricular and vocational education.

- Jose P. Rizal was again accompanied by his brother Paciano to Ateneo Municipal. He was
introduced to Father Minister Magin Ferrando and at first, the Father Minister did not
want to accept him because of his week constitution and short stature. However, with
the help of Manuel Jerez, the nephew of late Father Burgos, the eleven-year-old Jose Rizal
was accepted in Ateneo Municipal. At first, he was overwhelmed to see students from
different classes, he saw a great number of Spaniards, mestizos and Filipinos. In his stay
in Ateneo, he needed to change his name to Rizal instead of mercado to avoid being
associated with Father Burgos. He was included in the class of a Jesuit priest, Father Jose
Bech and according to Rizal, he was a tall man, thin, with body bent forward, with hasty
 pace, an ascetic, severe and inspired physiognomy, sunken, small eyes and fine lips. He
was able to meet someSuccess
of his classmates in Biñan.
in Ateneo De Municipal

- The teachers in Ateneo encouraged their students to study harder with the use of
competition. The class was divided into two groups, the Carthaginian (the non-boarder
of Ateneo) and the Roman (the boarder inside Ateneo). The two groups competed in all
class discussion and each member could challenge the other members of the group, the
opponent who would commit three mistakes in the questions about the lesson would lose
his position. The best student in each group was called as the Emperor, the second best
was the Tribune, the third best group was the Decurion, the fourth best was Centurion
and the fifth best was the Standard Bearer (Zaide, 1994). In the first quarter of his stay in
Ateneo, he already achieved the title as Emperor. The challenge of competition had a
positive effect to the academic status of Jose P. Rizal and this was evident in his scholastic
records.

First Year (1872-1873 Second Year (1873-1874)

Latin - Excellent Spanish - Excellent
Spanish - Excellent Greek - Excellent
Greek - Excellent World geography - Excellent

Third Year (1874 – 1875) Fourth Year (1875-1876)

Latin - Excellent Rhetoric and Poetry - Excellent
Spanish - Excellent French - Excellent
World of Geometry - Excellent
Spain and the Trigonometry - Excellent
Philippines - Excellent

Fifth Year (1876 - 1877)

Philosophy I - Excellent Physics - Excellent
Philosophy II - Excellent Botany - Excellent
Mineralogy - Excellent Zoology - Excellent
Chemistry - Excellent
 Extra-Curricular Activities At Ateneo

- Aside from the academics, Jose also engaged into various extra-curricular activities like
he was part of the literary group under the guidance of Fr. Sanchez, a member of a Marian
Congregation who were devoted to Virgin Mary, a member of the club of Natural
Sciences. He also continued his painting lessons under Agustin Saez, and he also studied
sculpture under the guidance of Romualdo de Jesus.

His literary skills were also sharpened because of his

passion in reading. During his Ateneo days, he was able
to read and understand complicated novels like The
Count of Monte Cristo written by Alexandro Dumas. He
also read books in different areas, he asked his father to
buy expensive historical book of Cesar Cantu entitled,
Universal History and he also became fascinated by the
work of Dr. Feodor Jagor entitled, Travels in the
Philippines.

Literary Works Of Jose Rizal In Ateneo

- Along with his success in academics, he also had various achievements in writing poems,
essays and drama in Ateneo. The first poem that he wrote in Ateneo was for his mother
entitled “My First Inspiration.” In 1876, he wrote poems about importance of education
for the development of a country entitled “Through Education the Country Receives
Light” and connection between Education and Religion entitled “Intimate Alliance
Between Religion and Good Education.” Aside from poems and essays, he also ventured
in writing manuscripts for play. In June 1876, he handed to Fr. Sanchez the manuscript
entitled “St. Eustache, the Martyr.”
FIRST INSPIRATION

Why falls so rich a spray Why seems to me more endearing,

of fragrance from the bowers more fair than on other days,
of the balmy flowers the dawn's enchanting face
upon this festive day? among red clouds appearing?

Why from woods and vales The reason, dear mother, is

do we hear sweet measures ringing they feast your day of bloom:
that seem to be the singing the rose with its perfume,
of a choir of nightingales? the bird with its harmonies.

Why in the grass below And the spring that rings with laughter
do birds start at the wind's noises, upon this joyful day
unleashing their honeyed voices with its murmur seems to say:
as they hop from bough to bough? "Live happily ever after!"

Why should the spring that glows And from that spring in the grove
its crystalline murmur be tuning now turn to hear the first note
to the zephyr's mellow crooning that from my lute I emote
as among the flowers it flows? to the impulse of my love.

TO VIRGIN MARY

Mary, sweet peace, solace dear Thou art my Mother, Mary, pure;
Of pained mortal! You're the fount Thou'll be the fortress of my life;
Whence emanates the stream of succor, Thou'll be my guide on this angry sea.
That without cease our soil fructifies. If ferociously vice pursues me,
If in my pains death harasses me,
From thy throne, from heaven high, Help me, and drive away my woes!
Kindly hear my sorrowful cry!
And may thy shining veil protect
My voice that rises with rapid flight.
EDUCATION GIVES LUSTER TO MOTHERLAND

Wise education, vital breath That lash upon the motionless shoreline:
Inspires an enchanting virtue; And to climb the heavenly ways the people
She puts the Country in the lofty seat Do learn with her noble example.
Of endless glory, of dazzling glow,
And just as the gentle aura's puff In the wretched human beings' breast
Do brighten the perfumed flower's hue: The living flame of good she lights
So education with a wise, guiding hand, The hands of criminal fierce she ties,
A benefactress, exalts the human band. And fill the faithful hearts with delights,
Which seeks her secrets beneficent
Man's placid repose and earthly life And in the love for the good her breast she
To education he dedicates incites,
Because of her, art and science are born And it's th' education noble and pure
Man; and as from the high mount above Of human life the balsam sure.
The pure rivulet flows, undulates,
So education beyond measure And like a rock that rises with pride
Gives the Country tranquility secure. In the middle of the turbulent waves
When hurricane and fierce Notus roar
Where wise education raises a throne She disregards their fury and raves,
Sprightly youth are invigorated, That weary of the horror great
Who with firm stand error they subdue So frightened calmly off they stave;
And with noble ideas are exalted; Such is one by wise education steered
It breaks immortality's neck, He holds the Country's reins unconquered.
Contemptible crime before it is halted: His achievements on sapphires are engraved;
It humbles barbarous nations The Country pays him a thousand honors;
And it makes of savages champions. For in the noble breasts of her sons
And like the spring that nourishes Virtue transplanted luxuriant flow'rs;
The plants, the bushes of the meads, And in the love of good e'er disposed
She goes on spilling her placid wealth, Will see the lords and governors
And with kind eagerness she constantly feeds, The noble people with loyal venture
The river banks through which she slips, Christian education always procure.
And to beautiful nature all she concedes,
So whoever procures education wise And like the golden sun of the morn
Until the height of honor may rise. Whose rays resplendent shedding gold,
And like fair aurora of gold and red
From her lips the waters crystalline She overspreads her colors bold;
Gush forth without end, of divine virtue, Such true education proudly gives
And prudent doctrines of her faith The pleasure of virtue to young and old
The forces weak of evil subdue, And she enlightens out Motherland dear
That break apart like the whitish waves As she offers endless glow and luster.
MEMORIES OF MY TOWN
When I recall the days At your rustic temple I prayed
That saw my childhood of yore With a little boy's simple faith
Beside the verdant shore And your aura's flawless breath
Of a murmuring lagoon; Filled my heart with joy profound.
When I remember the sighs Saw I God in the grandeur
Of the breeze that on my brow Of your woods which for centuries stand;
Sweet and caressing did blow Never did I understand
With coolness full of delight; In your bosom what sorrows were;
While I gazed on your azure sky
When I look at the lily white Neither love nor tenderness
Fills up with air violent Failed me, 'cause my happiness
And the stormy element In the heart of nature rests there.
On the sand doth meekly sleep;
When sweet 'toxicating scent Tender childhood, beautiful town,
From the flowers I inhale Rich fountain of happiness,
Which at the dawn they exhale Of harmonious melodies,
When at us it begins to peep; That drive away my sorrow!
Return thee to my heart,
I sadly recall your face, Bring back my gentle hours
Oh precious infancy, As do the birds when the flow'rs
That a mother lovingly Would again begin to blow!
Did succeed to embellish. But, alas, adieu! E'er watch
I remember a simple town; For your peace, joy and repose,
My cradle, joy and boon, Genius of good who kindly dispose
Beside the cool lagoon Of his blessings with amour;
The seat of all my wish. It's for thee my fervent pray'rs,
It's for thee my constant desire
Oh, yes! With uncertain pace Knowledge ever to acquire
I trod your forest lands, And may God keep your candour!
And on your river banks
A pleasant fun I found;
 The Release Of His Mother From Prison

- Jose’s success in Ateneo was not complete because he still longed for justice for his
mother who was imprisoned because of the wrong accusation of her sister-in-law
Teodora Alonzo attempted to poison her. During his summer break, Jose visited her
mother in prison and cheered her up by citing his academic excellence in Ateneo. In his
summer break, after his second year in Ateneo, her mother told him about her dream and
Jose interpreted it as a sign that after three months, she would be released from prison
and Rizal’s prophecy came true. The reason why his mother was released from prison was
the request of his siter Soleded to the Governador General after the latter appreciated
her talent in dancing.

The Loves Of Rizal During His Teenage Years

- At the age of thirteen, during his stay in the province, Jose met a girl named Julia. Jose
first noticed a sweet voice of a girl who was taking a bath in the river. The sweet voice
made Jose stop and search for the owner of the voice and when he found her he made a
way to know a name of the young lady. He described Julia as a girl with an oval face, had
olive skin and long beautiful hair. And in order to capture the attention of Julia, he picked
flowers and told Julia that in all those beautiful flowers that he had seen, she was the only
one who caught his attention. He brought Julia and her grandmother to their home but
after that he did not make a way to meet Julia.

College Life In Universidad De Santo Tomas

- At the end of education of Jose Rizal

in Ateneo, he was able to gain the highest
award as the emperor of his class and the
title of Bachiller en Artes. He wanted to
pursue his higher education in spite of
the disapproval of his mother who
thought that the higher education would
lead to Rizal’s disadvantage. He entered
the university as a student of Philosophy
and Letter. He was not sure of the course
 that he would pursue in college so he sought the advice of his former teacher in Ateneo,
Fr. Ramon but because the latter was in Mindanao his teacher was not able to reply to his
question immediately. Following the course of his father, he took Philosophy and Letters
from 1877-1878 and in 1878 he shifted to Medicine course because he considered the
situation of his mother who had failing eyesight.

- His life in Ateneo as a student was different from UST maybe because in Ateneo his
teachers monitored the students closely since it was considered a school for secondary
education while in UST the students were free to do their other activities. The students
were only required to attend their classes for three hours and they were free to do their
other things for the rest of the time. So even continue his extra-curricular activities and
in 1877-1878 he used his spare time in UST to study a vocational course. In Ateneo, he
studied surveying course and gained the title Perito Agrimensor.

- His brilliance in Philosophy was evident in his grades that he attained in his Philosophy
course in UST and during those times course was considered as the preparatory course of
Theology and Law.

PREPARATORY COURSE OF THEOLOGY AND LAW

1877-1878

Cosmology - Sobresaliente
Metaphysics - Sobresaliente
Theodicy - Sobresaliente
History of Philosophy - Sobresaliente

- In 1887, he shifted from Philosophy to Medicine. During this time, he had 23 classmates
in Medicine consisted of three peninsulares, three insulares and the others were natives.
Among 24 students, 22 of them finished the course and Rizal was part of the four students
who gained the mark of Approvechado.

PREPARATORY COURSE OF THEOLOGY AND LAW

1877-1878

Advanced Physics - Approvechado

Advanced Chemistry - Sobresaliente
Advanced Natural History - Approvechado
 First Year in Medicine Second Year of Medicine (1879 – 1880)

General Anatomy and Histology I – Bueno. General Anatomy and Histology I – Bueno
Descriptive Anatomy I – Bueno Descriptive Anatomy I – Bueno
Exercises of Ostelogy and Dissection – Bueno Exercises of Ostelogy and Dissection - Bueno
Physiology, Private and Public Hygiene - Bueno

Third Year of Medicine

1880-1881

General Pathology, its Clinic and Pathology Histology - Approvado

Therapeutics, Medicinal Matter and Art of Prescribing - Sobresaliente
Surgical Anatomy, Operations, External Medicinal Applications
And Bandages - Bueno

Fourth Year of Medicine

1881-1882

Medical Pathology - Notable

Surgical Pathology - Notable
Obstetrics, Sickness of Women and Children - Notable
Siphilography - Notable

Sobresaliente - Excellent
Notable, Approvechado - Very Good
Bueno - Good
Aprobado - Passed

- Some of the historians who ventured in the life of Jose Rizal commended that Rizal had
lower grades in UST than when he studied in Ateneo and they attributed his low grades
to the discrimination that he experienced in UST. However, according to Villaroel and De
Viana, Jose Rizal was not discriminated in UST because first among other students, he was
able to get higher grades. Second the story of Paciano Pinetente in Physics class did not
take Physics in UST, third, the reason why Rizal got lower grades in UST was the different
distraction that he experienced while studying in UST like his love life and group that he
established (Compadrenismo).
 The Literary Triumph Of Rizal In UST

- In April 1880, Jose joined the competition which commemorated the 400th death
anniversary of Miguel de Cervantes. He wrote a play entitled, El Consejo De los Dioses, a
play which recognized Cervantes as equal to Homer and Virgil and even if the jury was
composed of Spaniards, they awarded Rizal the highest prize. Rizal’s triumph on the said
literary award was contested by the Spaniards who could not accept that the winner came
from the natives but the judges stood by their decision and on the time of the awarding
the crowd which was composed of the Spaniards did not applaud Rizal.
- Like in Ateneo, Jose Rizal also had various literary works in UST. In 1879, Rizal joined the
Liceo Artistico-Literario of Manila and won the competition. He wrote the “La Juvented
Filipina” (To the Filipino Youth), this poem encouraged and inspired the Filipino youth to
stand up and work harder to attain the highest objectives.

The First Journey To Europe

- The secret mission to Spain was the agreement between Jose and his brother Paciano.
After his four years of Medicine course in UST, Jose decided to follow the advice of his
brother Paciano to leave the country and travel to Spain. The first reason why he needed
to leave was to pursue his medical course and second was to observe the political
situation in Madrid. It was only Paciano, Antonio Rivera, his friend Chenggoy and the
family of Orang who knew about his departure. His former teacher in Ateneo also gave
him a letter of recommendation to the Jesuit House in Barcelona in case he needed
assistance. His parents did not know that when he kissed their hands before he left
Calamba on May 1, 1882, that it would take many years before they could see their son
again. Before he left, his brother handed him $56 that he would use for his travel, his
passport using the name Jose Mercado and a first class ticket for the cruise Salvadora.

- On May 2, 1882, he visited the family of Orang, Orang’s mother gave him a can of cookies
called sopas and a box of chocolate that he would consume on his travels. The night
beforehe left, he had the opportunity to talk to Orang Valenzuela.

- On May 11, 1882, he rode the cruise of Djemah going to Ceylon (old name of Sri Lanka).
His ticket was for first class so he would enjoy a first class cabin, with carpeted floor, bed
 with springs, curtain and wash basin. Most of the passengers of the cruise were French
and because of this Jose practiced French language that he learned during his Ateneo days
but he knew that he needed to study more to become fluent in the language. They
reached Ceylon on May 17, 1882. Jose was enchanted because of the beautiful scenery in
the island and according to Rizal this was one of the most beautiful islands that he had
seen, however, it was full of loneliness. From Ceylon they travelled to North Africa and
Rizal described Africa as a country with hot climate. Then, they travelled to Suez Canal for
five days. Their next stop over was in Port Said in Egypt, in this place Rizal observed the
multicultural city since he saw different people speaking in different languages like Arabic,
Greek, Italian, Spanish and Egyptian.

- On June 11, 1882, Djemnah reached Naples in Italy. Rizal admired the panoramic beauty
by the aby and then their cruise reached Marseilles. He enjoyed his tour in this city
because he wanted to visit the place of his favorite writer Alexander Dumas. After three
days, he travelled to Barcelona using train.

- On June 16, 1882, he reached Barcelona and he learned that he ran out of cash and the
money that left to him was only seven pesos which was not enough to rent a dormitory.
So he used the letter of recommendation that his teachers from Ateneo handed to him
and the Jesuit in Barcelona helped him and lent him money. Because of insufficient
money, he first rented a room in Barcelon which cost only 11 pesos.

- The room did not pass the taste of Rizal but he had no other choice. His room had a brick
floor, dirty, hard bed there was no mirror and the wash basin was broken. His first
impression of Barcelona was negative because he viewed it as an ugly and dirty place.
However, when his brother Paciano was able to send him money, he transferred to a
more expensive room that suited his taste.

Life In Barcelona and Madrid

- Since he arrived in Spain during the summer vacation, he had the opportunity to travel to
different parts of the city and meet the other Filipinos living in the city. His former
classmates in Ateneo who resided in Madrid prepared a party for Rizal which was held at
Plaza Cataluna. And while waiting for the start of the classes, he wrote an essay which
reflected how he loved and missed his country. He wrote his first nationalistic essay in
Barcelona entitled El Amor Patrio. This essay was published in Diariong Tagalog on August
20, 1882 and was translated in Tagalog by Marcelo H. Del Pilar.
- When his brother Paciano learned that he was staying in Barcelona, he wrote a letter to
Jose and reminded him about his secret mission in going to Spain. On November 3, 1882,
Rizal was enrolled in Universidad Central de Madrid under the course of Medicine and
Philosophy and Letters. However, while waiting for the start of classes in Madrid, he also
enrolled in Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando for painting and he also travelled to
different historical places and museums. Because of his engagement in different lessons
and the difficulty, Paciano was having in sending him money for his allowance. He had a
hard time budgeting his money. Sometimes, according to his diary, he would only eat
biscuit for each meal or sometimes he would just go to different restaurants in Madrid
and let his eyes enjoy the food because his money was not enough to buy food for his
meal.

- Aside from his studies and other art lessons, he had the opportunity to meet Consuelo
Ortiga y Perez, the daughter of Don Pablo, the former mayor of Manila during the time of
administration of Governador General Carlos Maria de la Torre. He fell in love with
Consuelo but because Eduardo de Lete was courting Consuelo, he did not pursue his
feelings for Consuelo and instead he wrote a poem which showed his administration to
this lady.

MISS C.O.Y.R.

Why ask for those unintellectual verses and why, a young soul, I sing not of
that once, insane with grief, I sang love?
aghast?
Or are you maybe throwing in my face Oh, may you never know why! For the
my rank ingratitude, my bitter past? reason
brings melancholy but may set you
Why resurrect unhappy memories laughing.
now when the heart awaits from love a Down with my corpse into the grave
sign, shall go
or call the night when day begins to another corpse that's buried in my
smile, stuffing!
not knowing if another day will shine?

You wish to learn the cause of this Something impossible, ambition,

dejection madness,
delirium of despair that anguish wove? dreams of the soul, a passion and its
You wish to know the wherefore of throes
such sorrows, Oh, drink the nectar that life has to
 offer
and let the bitter dregs in peace
repose! Oh, they know well to what they owe
their being,
Again I feel the impenetrable shadows and maybe they themselves will tell you
shrouding the soul with the thick veils what.
of night:
a mere bud only, not a lovely flower,
because it's destitute of air and light

Behold them: my poor verses, my

damned brood
and sorrow suckled each and every
brat!

RIZAL IN PARIS

On July 17, 1883, he

travelled to Paris. He visited
the different tourist spots
in the city, the museums,
the Opera House, Cathedral
of Notre Dame, Bois de
Boulogne, Madelaine
Church, the Column of
Vendome, the Invalides and
the libraries. But because
he was mistaken as a
Japanese, the prices for his
food, accommodation and
entrance fees were more
expensive than other
people of other
nationalities. Aside from the different historical places, Rizal had the opportunity to visit some
restaurants in Paris and this was described in the letter that he sent to his sister Maria.

- Rizal could not afford the high cost of living in Paris so he decided to go back to Madrid.
RIZAL JOINED THE MASONRY

- In Madrid, Rizal was able to meet different personalities with liberal ideas like Miguel Morayta,
Francisco Pi y Margal and other people were brave to openly criticize the government and friars
during their time. And these people were part of the Masonic Lodge so Rizal also joined tha
Masonry hoping that he could utilize the Free Masonry as his shield against the friars who
according to him were the hindrance for the development and reform of the society in the
Philippines. On February 15, 1884m he received his diploma as the Master Mason.

THE TOAST FOR LUNA AND HIDALGO

- On June 25, 1884, the Filipinos in Madrid had a gathering to celebrate Juan Luna’s success because
his painting Spolarium gained gold medal and Felix Resurrection Hidalgo’s Christian Virgins
Exposed to Populance received a silver medal on prestigious painting competition in Madrid. And
Jose Rizal, who was not able to take his meal for the whole day was requested to deliver an
impromptu speech that would be a salute for the two Filipino painters.

THE ACADEMIC RECORDS OF RIZAL

IN UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DE MADRID

- Despite of his financial difficulties, Jose Rizal was able to do this responsibilities as a student in
Madrid. During his vacant time, he did not waste time but he consumed his free hours in going to
the library, attended different seminars and lectures and went to various feasts. On June 21, 1884,
Rizal completed his medical studies and attained the title of Licentiate in Medicine.
RIZAL, ASSIMILATION AND PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT

- The Filipino illustrado in Madrid between the year 1880 to 1885 had a secret mission to inform
the Spanish government in Madrid about the true condition of the Philippines under their colonial
government. This is due of their assumption that the administration of Spain is not aware about
the abusive policies of the assigned Spanish officers in the Philippines. Equipped with high
education and literary talents, the Filipino illustrado contributed articles to their newspaper, La
Solidaridad to enlighten the minds of the Spaniards and other Filipinos about the real condition
of the country. The triumvirates of the organization were Marcelo H. Del Pilar, Graciano Lopez
Jaena and Dr. Jose Rizal. Among the contributors of the newspaper, it was Jose Rizal who was the
most diligent in writing and brave to defend the Filipinos.

THE CONFLICT BETWEEN JOSE RIZAL AND ANTONIO LUNA

- Antonio Luna and Jose Rizal were close friends but when Antonio
knew that Nelly Boustead, the lady whom was courting had
special feelings for Jose Rizal their friendship was shaken. In one
incident, when Antonio was drunk, he stated negative things
about Nelly and Rizal did not like the words that Antonio said so
he challenged Luna to a duel. Being an expert in guns and swords,
Rizal was confident that he would win the duel but the other
Filipinos present prevented the duel to happen. After the
incident, Antonio realized his mistakes and talked to Rizal. Upon
realizing that Nelly was in love with Rizal, Antonio just helped
Rizal win the heart of Nelly Boustead.
THE CONFLICT BETWEEN JOSE RIZAL AND WENCESLAO RETANA

- Wenceslao wrote an article which stated that the

Dominican friars evicted Rizal’s family from their land in
Calamba which they rented from the Dominican because
Rizal’s family did not pay enough amount to the
corporation. And because of the negative comments of
Retana about his family, he challenged Retana to a duel but
again having in mind that Rizal was an expert in gun and
sword, Retana did not agree to the challenge.

THE CONFLICT BETWEEN JOSE RIZAL AND MARCELO H. DEL RIZAL

- Marcelo H. Del Pilar and Rizal had a conflict because of

leadership. The members in the association were divided
as Pilarist (for del Pilar) and Rizalist (for Rizal) and to end
the conflict they held an election. On the first election,
Rizal won the presidency but did not get the minimum
vote needed, in the second election, Rizal again won the
presidency but again did not get the minimum vote
needed and in the third election finally Rizal got the
minimum vote needed. However, Rizal did not accept the
leadership because of the lack of unity. The conflict
between Rizal and Marcelo was published in La
Solidaridad which was opposed by Rizal.

- The conflict of Rizal with other reformists made him think that his real battle was in the
Philippines so in spite of the advice of his other friends and family for him not to go back to the
country, he decided to return to the Philippines.
 ACTIVITY

Name: __________________________________________Course/Year: _______________

Name of Professor: __________________________________________

Learning Task 1
Make a historical time line to discuss the activities and experiences of Rizal on his travel going to Spain.
Write the answer on the space provided.

Example of a historical timeline:

Name: __________________________________________Course/Year: _______________
Name of Professor: __________________________________________

Learning Task 2
ARTICLE ANALYSIS

• Read the following letters of Rizal for his brother and parents and then you need to identify the
struggles of Rizal based on the two letters.

ARTICLE 1

12 Ludwigsplatz, Heidelberg
11 March 1886

My dear Parents and Brothers,

As I announced to you in my previous letter, I'm now in this new house, in front of the
University itself, and in which I intend to remain all the time I have to be in this city, until I can
go to Berlin, which will be within a few months.

During last week and half of this it had been very cold and snow fell during that time in the
mountain as well as in the city. The wind blows with great force, beats the tree branches, and
makes the snow whirl, lashing and reddening the face. Despite the fact that I'm not sanguine,
my cheeks are red and at that I'm not very stout. Despite the cold, the wind, and the snow, I
continue going to the hospital and studying ophthalmology and German every day. I'm
progressing fairly in German, for now I can make myself understood by everyone, only that I
don't understand everybody, for many here speak a patois or dialect which is not the classic
German, or high German that I study.

Although snow makes many suffer on account of the cold it causes, on the other hand it
entertains children and the youth. The children make snowballs with which they attack one
another. The young people ride in sledges or they slide from a height on a mountain path
down to a valley below.

It is worth describing to you the Fackelzug or the torch festival that I mentioned to you in
my previous letter. On the occasion of the election of the Rector, the students, numbering from
650 to 700, hold this celebration. All are dressed in the uniform of their corporations, usually
preceded by two bearing duel swords. Each corporation selects its finest young men and these
lead the march. Ahead go the Rector and the highest official in a carriage and behind them
march the students with bands of music. All carry lighted and walk at a light gait. The effect is
beautiful and wonderful. After going through the streets of Heidelberg, they all gather at this
square and form a square leaving a big space in the middle. At a given signal all throw their
torches up in the air -- seven hundred torches fluttering in space. Those that fall are picked up
and thrown up again, while all sing in chorus Gaudeamus igitur to the beat of the music and
the clashing of the swords. Here it is the student who prevails; without students Heidelberg is
a dead city. One Saturday there will be another Fackelzug as a farewell, for March and April
are vacation months.

Carnival passed away with more gaiety, though with very much less pomp and animation
than in Madrid. Very few masks, 20 or 30 floats only, but as the German is serious during the
whole year, on Shrove Tuesday he makes up and enjoys himself. The street where they stroll is
moreover narrow, so that all the merry-making is concentrated and the people enliven with
their presence what luxury and movement do in other places. L In spite of the cold and the
wind that makes the ears crack, there were some little jokes, throwing of peas from carriage
to carriage, and . . .

The German language is becoming clearer to me. It no longer seems to be so obscure and
difficult as at the beginning. I hope that within five months I'll speak it like Spanish. I'm afraid
that I may forget the latter language, for until the present, since I arrived in Germany, I
haven't found anyone who knows Spanish. On the other hand, I spoke Tagalog once with a
German who stayed a long time at Singapore and who spoke Malay. Although we couldn't
understand each other very well, nevertheless I encountered many words similar to Tagalog.

Now I lead an entirely different life from what I had lately. I eat outside. The house with
service costs me 28 marks -- this is 7 pesos, each mark being worth 2 reales fuertes. Breakfast
served at the house costs me 40 pfennigs; I lunch at the restaurant; for 2 reales 18 cuartos
they give me soup, three dishes, dessert, and wine, besides potatoes, salad, cabbage and other
vegetables, for it must be noted that German cooking is all full of vegetables and many things
mixed together. At night I buy two small rolls that cost three cuartos, cheese, fruits, and a
piece of sausage or butter. All in all, the heating, light, laundry, room, and food cost me some
30 pesos a month or a little less. Add to these expenses the cleaning . . ., etc. so that for 40
pesos one can live well in Germany, if one doesn't have to buy clothes and to travel from time
to time.

At the hospital I practice and examine patients who come every day. The professor corrects
our mistakes in diagnosis; I help in the treatment and although I don't see so many operations
as I did in Paris, here I study more the practical side. If I receive sufficient money in April or
May, I intend to enroll in a regular course in ophthalmology either in Leipzig, Halle, or Berlin.
God willing, I don't intend to remain in Germany longer than until November at most in order
to go afterward to England in December and remain there during the spring of 1887 and go
again to Paris to observe the operations of Dr. de Wecker who, as a surgeon, it seems to me, is
very superior to anyone I have been with until the present. From there I can return to the
Philippines and manage very suitably a clinic for dye diseases.

Until now I haven't received a letter from you since the last that I received from my brother
at the beginning of January. You may continue sending me your letters to Paris and send them
through the French mail boat that departs from there every fortnight.
 A German promised me one of these days. . .

ARTICLE 2

Wilhelmsfeld, (1) 9 June 1886

My Dear Parents and Brothers,

Since the beginning of January until now, I haven't received either a letter or a draft,
though according to my calculation I ought to receive money a month ago, for what I have
would barely lost until the beginning of May. The next mail doesn't arrive until after two
weeks, and as I haen't received your advice to give up, I continue hoping . . . In Germany I have
neither a countryman nor a true friend to turn to. Luna has been lending me the whole past
month, but my friend is poor and besides has his brother at Paris and has to support two. I
expected to receive through the latter, who arrived two weeks ago, the watch my brother
promised me, but undoubtedly you didn't know he was leaving.

I repeat once more, lest you may have forgotten it, the convenience and necessity of
writing me in advance when you cannot send me the promised amount. Thus, I shall be at ease
knowing by what to abide and I don't contract obligations which later will cause me
displeasures that are not easy to imagine.

If you don't have much to tell me, a postal cared with four or five words would suffice,
which is very convenient and costs one half. With an expenditue of four cuartos, you save me
many displeasures. this is always easy to do.

It is my serious and ardent desire to go home, for it seems to me that I cause too much
expense and I wish to help the family in whatever way I can. I'm tired of Europe and I'm afraid
to ruin the family, for they say that business is very bad. I wish to go home as soon as possible
in order to be with you.

When you send me a draft, send me through the following mail the 2nd copy, and the 3rd
copy through the one after that, in order that incase it is lost, the amount can be collected. I
fear that that is what might have happened this time, for I can't explain the delay and lack of
letters. In Europe postal employees are very honest and diligent, at least in France, Germany,
and England. It is seldom that a letter gets lost.

Yours,

Rizal

Please answer this letter.

ANSWER:

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Name: __________________________________________Course/Year: _______________
Name of Professor: __________________________________________

Test Yourself

TRUE OR FALSE. Write the letter T if the statement is correct and F of the statement is incorrect.

___________ 1. Rizal’s mother encouraged him to pursue his education in Universidad de Santo Tomas.

___________ 2. He entered Universidad de Santo Tomas as a Philosophy student.

___________ 3. He had a busier schedule in UST than when he was in Ateneo Municipal.

___________ 4. He asked the advice of Father Ramon regarding his course that would take up in UST.

___________ 5. His academic performance in UST was better than when he was in Ateneo.

Arrange the following events. Write the letter A-E in the line before each number.

A. ________ 1. He boarded the cruise Salvadora.

________ 2. They crossed the Suez Canal.

________ 3. He enjoyed the scenery in Ceylon.

________ 4. They reached the Port Said.

________ 5. He visited the different historical and tourist spot in Naples.

B. ________ 1. He wrote El Amor Patrio.

________ 2. The Filipinos in Madrid prepared a party for Rizal.

________ 3. He delivered a speech to salute Luna and Hidalgo.

________ 4. He enrolled in Universidad Central de Madrid.

 ________ 5. He wrote the poem for Consuelo.

Assessment and Rubrics

A. Assessment Tools
2 learning Tasks
Please answer all learning tasks in this module.

B. RUBRICS
Learning Tasks 1 and 2

RUBRICS
 weight
Criteria Exemplary Effective Minimal Unsatisfactory

In depth and Content is Content is Content is not

well organized adequately minimally organized
content organized and organized Length
Meets length comprehensive Length requirement is
Content of requirement Length requirement is not met; poor
50%
Review with quality requirement is not met; content
content met with minimal content Incomplete
Excellent adequate content Basic summary summary
summary Adequate Evidence of
summary plagiarism
Relevant to Relevant to Minimal Not relevant to
assigned assigned subject relevance to assigned
subject matter matter assigned subject subject matter
Appropriate and peer Article content matter Fails to meet
25%
Topic interest meets Article content content
Article content expectations fails to meet all requirements
exceeds requirements
requirements
Article has Article has some Article has little Article has no
great significance significance significance
significance Student Summary meets Summary does
Student summary meets minimal not meet
summary project expectations minimal
exceeds expectations Little expectations
Significance average peer Some understanding No
to Class / 15% perspective and understanding of of article’s understanding
Relativity to understanding article’s relevance to of article’s
Student relevance to topic relevance
Class displays topic
understanding
of article’s
relevance to
topic
Article Article Article attached No article
printed/copied printed/copied to summary
and effectively and displayed Partial
Article displayed on on 8 ½ x 1 paper documentation
10%
Submission 8½ x 11 paper Display of of article
Display of article includes
article includes correct citation
correct citation
Rubric For Article Review
References

BOOK/S

San Francisco, P. M. & Jaime-Francisco, V. (2018). Rizal: A Modular Approach Based on the
New CHED Curriculum Manila: Mindshapers Co., Inc.