WORKBOOK

BOARDING
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 INDEX
Continuous Tense 2
Going to 4
Demonstrative Pronouns 5
Say & Tell 7
Relative Clauses 8
Adverbs of Frequency 9
Comparisons 11
Superlatives 13
Equality 15
Modals I 16
Modals II 17
Adjectives to Adverbs 18
Quantifiers 19
Some & Any 20
It Takes 21
Supposed to 22
Reflexive Pronouns 23
Conditionals 24
Present Perfect 25
Present Perfect Continuous 26
Past Perfect 27
Past Perfect Continuous 28
Causatives 29

Answers 30
 Continuous tense
1 - Complete the following sentences using the Present Continuous Tense.
a. The Captain ____________________ (talk) to ATC right now.
b. My F/O __________________ (perform) the fuel calculations for this leg.
c. Azul 3545, Hold Position because Gol’s aircraft ______________ (wait) for an open gate
behind you.
d. _____________________ (John/Study) for his ICAO Test?
e. I can’t assist the Chief Purser right now, I ____________ (help) my Captain with this failure.
f. Hey, let’s look for Zack, he __________________ (fly) today.
g. I’m pretty sure Jessica and Matthew __________________ (working) today.

2 - Choose the correct alternative:

a. Caio ____________ for his written ATPL test.
- is study
- is studying
- are study
- are studying

b. John and Adam _________ together again.

- is flying
- is fly
- are flying
- are fly

c. Shelly _________ her report about the Runway Incursion that happened earlier today.
- is writing
- is flying
- are reading
- are writing

d. Our Pilots __________ about the capabilities of the A380.

- is watching
- is talking
- are watching
- are talking

2
3 - Create sentences using the Continuous Tense and the following words:
a. My friend / fly / A380.
_____________________________________________.
b. Sarah / learn / with / Chief Purser
_____________________________________________.
c. Jonas / watch / our takeoff
_____________________________________________.
d. Michael / brief / our crew
_____________________________________________.
e. The Maintenance Crew / fix / the landing gear.
_____________________________________________.

4 - Take a look at the pictures below and describe them using the Continuous Tense.
Feel free to use your imagination:

____________________________________________
____________________________________________

____________________________________________
____________________________________________

____________________________________________
____________________________________________

____________________________________________
____________________________________________

3
 BE + GOING TO
1 - Complete the following sentences using the Verb to Be + Going to:
a. He _____________ in the A380 soon. (Work)
b. We _____________ the Ethiopian 777 takeoff. (Watch)
c. Brian ____________ 5 legs today, he is crazy. (Fly)
d. I know for a fact that Caio’s students ___________ the ICAO test. (Ace)

2 - Turn the sentences into questions:

a. I am going to fly a Citation in the near future.
_________________________________________________________.

b. Zack is going to study for his FAA written test.

_________________________________________________________.

c. Rodrigo and Charles are going to travel in First Class to Dubai next week.
_________________________________________________________.

d. She Is going to be our best pilot if she continues studying like this.
_________________________________________________________.

3 - Answer the questions in the affirmative and negative form:

a. Is he going to pass his checkride?
_________________________________________________________.

b. Are they going to perform upside down maneuvers today?

_________________________________________________________.

c. Am I going to be dunked in oil for completing my solo flight?

_________________________________________________________.

d. Are you going to pay for our barbecue later tonight?

_________________________________________________________.

4
 DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
1 - Choose the correct alternative to fill in the blanks:
a. _______ plane in the back is mine. She keeps me on my toes.
- That
- This
- These
- Those

b. What does this do? Well, ______ button right here is to turn on the Fuel Pumps for the
number 1 engine. I’ll show you.
- That
- This
- These
- Those

c. Why are _____ planes parked over there? Well, if you look behind the terminal, _______ is a
scrapyard.
- This, This
- Those, This
- These, That
- Those, that

d. Wow! This cockpit is all digital. Which buttons control the autopilot? Look here, _______
ones are for the Autopilot.
- These
- Those
- This
- That

5
 DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
2 - Take a look at the image:

a. Complete the sentences using the correct pronouns:

_______ planes with American flags are from American Airlines.
_______ is New York City in the background.
_______ plane in the back is operated by UPS.
_______ first airplane is a narrow body.
_______ American Airlines plane in the back is a widebody.

b. Now, create a text to describe the image using the sentences above. Use your
imagination.

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
6
 SAY & TELL
1 - Choose between Say & Tell to complete the sentences:
a. Can you _______ me the way to Gate 254, please?
b. After the hard landing, the Captain didn’t ________ a word.
c. ANAC123, after the United, cross…. Actually, forget everything I _____, Cross 28R and call
Ground.
d. If you noticed he was failing the simulator, why didn’t you ________ something?
e. Let me ____ you something, I am the authority here!
f. You ____ us you were going to refuel the airplane!

2 - Create sentences using either Say or Tell in the correct tense:

a. My friend / Say or Tell / me that some airlines are hiring
_________________________________________________________
b. John / Say or Tell / he wanted to quit
_________________________________________________________
c. They / Say or Tell / us about the airline future plans
_________________________________________________________
d. Marie / Say or Tell / that she’s struggling with the Boeing type rating
_________________________________________________________.

3 - Create sentences using Say & Tell:

a. My friend…..
_________________________________________________________.
b. They…..
_________________________________________________________.
c. The mechanics…..
_________________________________________________________.
d. Jonathan…..
_________________________________________________________.
e. We…..
_________________________________________________________.

7
 RELATIVE CAUSES
1 - Complete the sentences with the correct Relative Clause:
a. I have a friend ________ has 4 type ratings.
WHO / WHOSE / WHICH / THAT
b. That’s the Flight School ______ I took my classes in.
WHO / WHOSE / WHICH / THAT
c. There are countless companies ________ need new and experienced pilots.
WHO / WHOSE / WHICH / THAT
d. _______ airplane is that?
WHO / WHOSE / WHICH / THAT

2 - Combine the sentences using the correct relative clause. Some of them might
allow for more than one:
ex.: That’s the pilot. She helped me when I started.
That’s the pilot WHO/THAT helped me when I started.

a. What’s the name of that airplane? You saw it yesterday.

_________________________________________________________
b. The man that was hired in first place. He studies 5 hours a day.
_________________________________________________________
c. That’s the control column. It’s broken.
_________________________________________________________
d. That’s John. He had a dual engine failure yesterday.
_________________________________________________________

3 - Read the sentences. Correct those that are wrong:

a. What’s the name of the pilot which you were talking to today?
_________________________________________________________
b. You had no mistakes in your ICAO test, which was awesome!
_________________________________________________________
c. The plane who I flown today was very old and needed urgent maintenance.
_________________________________________________________
d. Adam and Eve were pilots whose companies did not want to lose.
_________________________________________________________
e. I couldn’t find any errors in the simulation data who you sent me yesterday.
_________________________________________________________

8
 ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
1- Complete the sentences with the correct Adverb:

a. The pilots are paying attention to ATC’s instructions. (Always)

_________________________________________________________
b. The Chief Purser flies the plane when she wants to. (Never)
_________________________________________________________
c. The passengers are listening to the Emergency briefing. (Rarely)
_________________________________________________________
d. The owner of the aircraft uses it. It’s a shame. (Hardly Ever)
_________________________________________________________

2 - Choose the option that best fits the sentence. After that, create a text using the
sentences:

a) Pilots are ______ supposed to be sleeping while flying.

Always / Usually / Sometimes / Never

b) Flight Attendants are ________ paying attention during takeoff and landing.
Always / Usually / Sometimes / Never

c) Engine Failures _________ happen, but the pilots are trained to cope with them.
Always / Usually / Sometimes / Never

d) Bad Weather ________ is in the way, but pilots are _________ able to avoid it to help
passengers feel safe.
Always / Usually / Sometimes / Never

3 - Now, create a text using the sentences above. Place them in order from most likely
to less likely. Feel free to also use your imagination:

___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
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 ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
4 - Use the following Adverbs to create your sentences. Use your imagination:

a. OFTEN
___________________________________________________________________________________________
b. HARDLY EVER
___________________________________________________________________________________________
c. ALWAYS
___________________________________________________________________________________________
d. NEVER
___________________________________________________________________________________________
e. SOMETIMES
___________________________________________________________________________________________
f. USUALLY
___________________________________________________________________________________________

10
 COMPARISONS
1 - Complete the sentences with the correct form of the Superlative:

a. The 737 is _______ than the 787. (Small)

b. Flight Training aircraft, like the 152, fly _______ and _______ than commercial planes. (Low / Slow)
c. Dedication is _________________ than talent. (Important)
d. The Concorde flew _______ and ________, but it was _______ to maintain. (High / Fast / Difficult)

2 - Take a look at the pictures below and compare the topics:

a.

Now, compare the 737 and the 747 in SIZE, COMPLEXITY, COSTS and APPEARANCES.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

11
 COMPARISONS
b.

Now, compare the F18 and the Corsair in SIZE, PRICE, TECHNOLOGY and AGE.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________

3 - Create a text comparing the first airplane you flew to the one you’re flying now (If
it’s the same airplane, compare it to your dream aircraft).
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________

12
 SUPERLATIVES
1 - Complete the following sentences using the Superlative form:
a. A350-1000 - long range
_________________________________________________________
b. Concorde - speed
_________________________________________________________
c. 747 - good cargo aircraft
_________________________________________________________
d. Older planes - bad when it comes to safety
_________________________________________________________

2. Take a look at these photos and describe them using the Superlative form:
a.

________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________

b.

________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________

c.
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________

13
 SUPERLATIVES
3 - Complete the the questions. After that, answer them:
a. What is the _______ commercial plane? (Big)

___________________________________________________________________________________________

b. What’s the _______ commercial plane ever? (Fast)

___________________________________________________________________________________________

c. What’s the ________ airport in the world? (Busy)

___________________________________________________________________________________________

d. What’s the ___________ aircraft today? (Beautiful)

___________________________________________________________________________________________

e. What’s the ______________ quality of a pilot? (Important)

___________________________________________________________________________________________

COMPARISONS OF EQUALITY
1 - Write the comparison of equality for the sentences:
a. An Airbus A320 can seat 150 people. A Boeing 737 can seat 150 people. (Big)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
b. The F35 is brand new. The F15 is 51 years old. (New)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
c. The captain has 2000 hours in this type. The relief captain has 2000 hours in this type.
(Experience)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
d. An Airbus A350 is full of technology. A Boeing 727 is fully analog. (Advanced)
___________________________________________________________________________________________

14
2 - Create negative sentences using the keywords below:
a. Boeing 787 - Boeing 777 - New
_________________________________________________________
b. F-35 - Cessna 172 - Slow
_________________________________________________________
c. Captain - First Officer - Experience
_________________________________________________________
d. American Airlines - TAP - Big
_________________________________________________________

3 - Take a at these pictures, then write sentences about them using the structure you
learned. Use your imagination:

______________________________________________________.
______________________________________________________.
______________________________________________________.
______________________________________________________.
______________________________________________________.

15
 MODALS
1 - Fill in the blanks with either CAN, SHOULD or MUST:
a. Pilots _______ be ready for any situation.
b. The Flight Attendants _______ ask you to change your seat.
c. Wait, can’t you see the manual? Check it again, you _______ be able to access it.
d. Boeing _______ improve its quality or something bad could happen.
e. The Captain _______ cancel the flight if he wants to.
f. You _______ take a picture, after all, it’s your last flight.

2 - Write sentences using the following Modals and the keywords. Use your
imagination:

a. Should - keep studying

_________________________________________________________
b. Must - continue after V1
_________________________________________________________
c. Could - get hurt in a evacuation
_________________________________________________________
d. Can - fly multiple aircraft types
_________________________________________________________

3 - Use your imagination. Create sentences using the Modals below:

a. CAN
_________________________________________________________
b. SHOULD
_________________________________________________________
c. MUST
_________________________________________________________
d. COULD
_________________________________________________________
e. HAD TO
_________________________________________________________

16
 MODALS
4 - Fill in the blanks with either MAY, MIGHT or WOULD:
a. Yes, you ___________ leave the simulator if you’re feeling sick.
b. Hey John, _________ you pass me the QRH, please?
c. Yeah, your schedule is pretty busy, we ________ not be able to fit you in the sessions.
d. Boeing _______ buy Embraer. That’s all we heard a few years ago.
e. The Captain _______ invite you to check the cockpit during the flight.

5 - Use your imagination. Create sentences using the Modals below:

a. MIGHT
_________________________________________________________
b. MAY
_________________________________________________________
c. WOULD
_________________________________________________________

6 - Read the sentences below and correct those that are wrong:
a. Pilots may opt out of their training if they want to, but they won’t get their license.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
b. If you have any problems after V1, you might continue the takeoff.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
c. Sarah must request extra sessions, but that’s her choice.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
d. First Officers must be able to be promoted if the company wasn’t bankrupt.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
e. I have to check with my boss, but I can be able to get you flying with me.
_____________________________________________________________________________________

17
 ADJECTIVES TO ADVERBS
1 - Complete the sentences using the words in the bracket as either an ADJECTIVE or
an ADVERB:

a. Oscar can get that B-52 __________ started. (Quick)

b. The Concorde was a ___________ loud airplane. (Terrible)
c. I can’t lie, Maggy is a _________ pilot. (Good)
d. Charlie is a __________ flight instructor. (Careful)
e. Paul flies the A350 so ____________. (Careful)

2 - Correct the following sentences using Adverbs:

a. The Cessna 152 flies slow.
_________________________________________________________
b. George commands the Air Show happy.
_________________________________________________________
c. Tina is requesting an immediate return after the engine failure.
_________________________________________________________
d. Charles is tugging the jet in a careful manner.
_________________________________________________________

3 - Create sentences using the following Adverbs:

a. Safely
_________________________________________________________
b. Wisely
_________________________________________________________
c. Accidentally
_________________________________________________________
d. Happily
_________________________________________________________
e. Nervously
_________________________________________________________
f. Slowly
_________________________________________________________

18
 QUANTIFIERS
1 - Complete the sentences using with the correct quantifier:
a. Wow, that’s a lot of airplanes, how _______ are there?
b. How _______ fuel do we still have? Those deviations and headwind must’ve hurt us.
c. Buddy, those tires look like they have ________ air inside. Check the pressure!
d. _______ people in the world have more than 5 type ratings, you must feel special.

2 - Analyze the picture and create a text using the keywords and the correct
Quantifier:

Parked airplanes
Large private jets
Smaller ones.
Space between them

In this picture, I can see _________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________.

3 - Use your imagination. Create sentences using the affirmative and negative form
with the quantifiers below:

a. MANY
_________________________________________________________________________________________
b. MUCH
_________________________________________________________________________________________
c. LITTLE
_________________________________________________________________________________________
d. FEW
_________________________________________________________________________________________

19
 SOME AND ANY
1 - Complete the sentences below using SOME or ANY.
a. Alright, we’re gonna need ______ new airplanes to replace those 737-700 we have.
b. I heard you were looking for new airplanes, unfortunately we don’t have ______
available right now.
c. Hey Captain, your travel bag is super light, do you have ______ documents in there?
I have quite a few, but _______ of them are digital now.
d. Can you check if we have ______ A5 bolts in there? I need to tighten this up.
e. Unfortunately, we don’t have _____ Praetor 500’s for delivery, but we do have ______
Gulfstreams available, are you interested?

2 - Create questions for the following answers:

a. Q: _____________________________________________________?
A: No, unfortunately we don’t have any more pilot jobs at the moment.

b. Q: _____________________________________________________?
A: Yes, the airplane sustained some damage after the runway excursion yesterday.

c. Q: _____________________________________________________?
A: Oh, John! I would love some coffee from the galley. thanks for offering.

d. Q: _____________________________________________________?
A: Yes, I would like some extra simulator sessions. My performance hasn’t been great.

3 - Read the sentences below and correct those that are wrong:

a. Man, I got injured last month but I was able to get some hours under my belt.
_________________________________________________________
b. Did Embraer develop some new jet this year?
_________________________________________________________
c. Yeah, I’ve gotten any proposals from airlines in Europe.
_________________________________________________________
d. Hey Lisa, I can see that you’re full of things to do. Do you need any help?
_________________________________________________________
e. I appreciate the offer, but I don’t want some extra training.
_________________________________________________________

20
 IT TAKES
1 - Choose the correct option to complete the sentences below using the correct
form of IT TAKES:
a. _______________ 50 million dollars to develop this plane 2 years ago.

IT TOOK - IT’LL TAKE - IT TAKES

b. ______________ a lot of time to replace the landing gear. I can get this done next week.

IT TOOK - IT DIDN’T TAKE - IT’LL TAKE

c. In my opinion, _________________ a lot of dedication to become a good pilot.

IT TOOK - IT TAKES - IT WILL TAKE

d. Man, I’m sure _________________ a lot of work to design and build a brand new jet.

IT TOOK - IT TAKES - IT WON’T TAKE

2 - Transform these sentences to the negative form:

a. It takes 6 hours to fly from Orlando to Miami.

_________________________________________________________
b. It will take 3 years to develop these new engines.
_________________________________________________________
c. It took a lot of time to get all my licenses.
_________________________________________________________
d. It’ll take dedication to fly a jumbo jet.
_________________________________________________________

3 - Create sentences using the keywords below:

a. 2 hours - get - the airport

_________________________________________________________
b. 90 seconds - evacuate - full airplane
_________________________________________________________
c. Focus - become - captain (past)
_________________________________________________________
d. Time - move up the ranks (future)
_________________________________________________________

21
 SUPPOSED TO
1 - Create sentences explaining what Pilots, Mechanics and Flight Attendants are
supposed to do and what they’re not supposed to do:
a. Pilots
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
b. Mechanics
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
c. Flight Attendants
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

2 - Read the sentences below. Rewrite those that are wrong:

a. Pilots are not supposed to keep watching the instruments after takeoff.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
b. Flight Attendants are supposed to be ready for an evacuation at any time.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
c. Mechanics are not supposed to keep studying the manual to ensure their skills are up to
par.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
d. Chitero’s students are not supposed to ace the ICAO test.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________

3 - Create sentences using the keywords below:

a. Emirates 256 - arrive - 10am.

_________________________________________________________
b. If you have a windshear warning - go around.
_________________________________________________________
c. Zack - have his checkride - tomorrow.
_________________________________________________________
d. Diana - ferry - the company’s new A350.
_________________________________________________________
e. Pilots - fly - while intoxicated.
_________________________________________________________
22
 REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
1 - Complete the sentences with the correct pronoun:
a. During an autoland, the plane lands _______.

ITSELF / HIMSELF / THEMSELVES / YOURSELVES

b. The captain, after seeing the mistakes from the First Officer, contacted ATC _______.

MYSELF / HIMSELF / THEMSELVES / YOURSELVES

c. The passengers helped ________ to some snacks during the flight.

ITSELF / HIMSELF / THEMSELVES / OURSELVES

d. Patrick and Tom can’t manage this procedure by _________.

ITSELF / HIMSELF / THEMSELVES / YOURSELVES

2 - Read the sentences below. Rewrite those that are wrong:

a. Thomas requested some help, but at the end, landed the plane itself.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
b. Airbus and Boeing have planes that land themselves.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
c. I’m not sure, but I think Maria fixed the plane himself yesterday.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
d. I like to think I could build a plane itself if I had time and money.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________

3 - Create sentences using the following pronouns:

a. Himself
_________________________________________________________
b. Itself
_________________________________________________________
c. Themselves
_________________________________________________________
d. Ourselves
_________________________________________________________
e. Myself
_________________________________________________________

23
 CONDITIONALS
1 - Complete the sentences below using Conditionals:

a. If John passes his ICAO test, we _______ celebrate. (Be)

b. If our plane had landed 10 min earlier, I ___________ missed my connection flight. (Have)
c. We won’t be able to fly together if you ________________ studying. (Start)
d. You would have been rested if you _____________ taken your medicine. (Take)

2 - Put the verbs into the gaps to form a conditional sentence:

a. If Oliver __________ (know) the owner, he _____________ (not/talk) behind his back.
b. If I _______ (be) you, I _________________ (not/fly) with him, he doesn’t care about safety.
c. If we ____________ (live) in France, we ____________ (visit) the Airbus factory.
d. If my boss _____________ (have) more money, she ____________ (buy) a brand new jet.
e. If it __________ (snow), we ___________ (takeoff) today.

3 - Read the following sentences and correct those that are wrong:

a. If I arrived earlier, I would not have missed my flight.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

b. If Embraer had won the bid, they will meet the standards.
___________________________________________________________________________________________

c. If Michael had studied harder, he wouldn’t have failed his ICAO test.
___________________________________________________________________________________________

d. Tower, if you wait a minute, I will get the number of souls onboard.
___________________________________________________________________________________________

e. If Tom had practiced more, he will have passed the simulator checkride.
___________________________________________________________________________________________

24
 PRESENT PERFECT
1 - Complete the following sentences with the correct use of the Present Perfect:

a. Jonathan _____________ his new jet in black. (PAINT)

b. Luke said he ___________ a lot on the Airbus, but he’s going to fly a Boeing now. (FLY)
c. Maria ________ some bad luck recently. First a blown tire, now an engine failure. (HAVE)
d. The crew _____________ the bus home. They were way too tired. (TAKE)

2 - Read the sentences below and correct those that are wrong:

a. Adam and Bruce has not carried the luggage to the cargo compartment yet.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
b. They hasn’t told her about the dismissal.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
c. The captain has booked us a boat to Rio.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
d. We has already downloaded the manual, how about you?
___________________________________________________________________________________________

3 - Answer the following questions in both the affirmative and negative form.

a. Has Charlie worked there for 5 years?

___________________________________________________________________________________________
b. Has Fred spent 10 million dollars on a brand new jet?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
c. Have the crew ever left their stations before it was safe to do so?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
d. Have you flown to Europe as a pilot?
___________________________________________________________________________________________

25
 PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
1 - Complete the following sentences with the correct use of the Present Perfect
Continuous:

a. Laura _____________________________ for her ICAO test for 5 months. (STUDY)

b. I __________________________________ for Delta since January. (FLY)
c. They ______________________________ on the hydraulics for 4 hours already. (WORKING)
d. Marcos ____________________________well on his sessions, what’s up with him?
(PERFORMING - NEGATIVE)

2 - Use the keywords below to form sentences:

a. I - fly - Citation - 3 years

________________________________________________________________________________
b. Southwest - buy - Boeing - 25 years
________________________________________________________________________________
c. Jason - train - on the simulator - since July
________________________________________________________________________________
d. Victoria - not - promote - captains - for 1 year
________________________________________________________________________________

3 - Transform the sentences below to the Present Perfect Continuous:

a. I have flown for Delta Airlines.

__________________________________________________________________________

b. She has worked as a Flight Attendant.

__________________________________________________________________________

c. Marcos and Isa have taken flights for NASA.

__________________________________________________________________________

d. British Airways has not done enough for their pilots

__________________________________________________________________________

26
 PAST PERFECT
1 - Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the Past Perfect:

a. When we ____________ at the airport, the plane _______________ for Italy. (ARRIVE/LEFT)
b. Jonas __________ his boss at the airport before he ________ for vacation. (CALLED/ LEAVE)
c. She ________ a session after the pilots _________ the failure. (WATCH/CHOOSE)
d. I ________ extremely tired because I _________ too much for my ICAO test. (BE/STUDY)

2 - Read the sentences below and correct those that are wrong:
a. Lisa had read the manual, so she was lost during the lessons.
____________________________________________________________________________________________

b. We has not practiced enough, so we fail the checkride.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

c. He had worked in Ryan Air before he went to Qatar Airways.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

d. After they has packed their bags, the crew walked to the terminal
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

3 - Use the Past Perfect to combine the sentences below:

a. The problem was fixed. We landed.
________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. The first officer helped the Flight Attendant. The Captain asked him to help.
________________________________________________________________________________________________

c. The class began. The students had arrived.

________________________________________________________________________________________________

d. The mechanics fixed a problem. I hadn’t reported that problem.

________________________________________________________________________________________________

27
 PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
1 - Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the Past Perfect
Continuous:

a. I _____________________ when the pedals started to vibrate. (FLY)

b. Gustavo _______________________ on the engine for 5 hours when they mentioned
another issue. (WORK)
c. They ____________________ the Aurora Borealis when they entered a CB. (SEE)
d. The company ___________________ they would hire new pilots before they went under.
(SAY)

2 - Use the Past Perfect Continuous to combine the sentences below:

a. Mike was flying. Mike heard the fire warning.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

b. Jan was approaching. Jan went around due to a runway incursion.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

c. Lufthansa was hiring. Lufthansa announced new purchases.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

d. I was driving to the airport. I got an email telling me I was hired.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

3 - Read the sentences below. Correct those that are wrong:

a. Julie has been waiting at the Holding Point when she got cleared for takeoff.
___________________________________________________________________________________________

b. Max had been watching the airport’s operation when he heard a loud bang.
___________________________________________________________________________________________

c. Air India had been propose new changes when the financial report dropped.
___________________________________________________________________________________________

d. I had be studying hard when I got the call for the interview.
___________________________________________________________________________________________

28
 CAUSATIVES
1 - Choose the correct Causative Verb to complete the sentence, then rewrite the
sentence in the oposite form: (more than one might be accepted)
a. ATC ____________ me go around due to a runway incursion.
HAVE / GET / MAKE / LET
_________________________________________________________________________________________

b. I’m sorry, my boss doesn’t _______ me discuss salaries.

HAVE / GET / MAKE / LET
_________________________________________________________________________________________

c. The last Cirrus event was awesome, ________ me excited for the next one.
HAD / GOT / MADE / LET
_________________________________________________________________________________________

d. The Captain _______ the Chief Purser solve the problem with the passengers.
HAVE / GET / MAKE / LET
_________________________________________________________________________________________

2 - Create a sentence using the following Causative verbs below:

a. MAKE
___________________________________________________________________________________________

b. HAVE
___________________________________________________________________________________________

c. LET
___________________________________________________________________________________________

d. GET
___________________________________________________________________________________________

3 - Read the sentences below. Correct those that are wrong:

a. Yesterday, I have my plane washed and detailed.

_________________________________________________________________________

b. I finally get my Commercial Pilot’s License.

_________________________________________________________________________

c. My boss let him fly the plane for the first time.
_________________________________________________________________________

d. I make my student stall the airplane as a part of his training.

_________________________________________________________________________
29
 ANSWERS
CONTINUOUS TENSE
1.
a. The Captain is talking to ATC right now.
b. My F/O is performing the fuel calculations for this leg.
c. Azul 3545, Hold Position because Gol’s aircraft is waiting for an open gate behind you.
d. Is John studying for his ICAO test?
e. I can’t assist the Chief Purser right now, I am helping my Captain with this failure.
f. Hey, let’s look for Zack, he is flying today.
g. I’m pretty sure Jessica and Matthew are working today.
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2.
a. is studying
b. are flying
c. is writing
d. are talking
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3.
a. My friend is flying the A380.
b. Sarah is learning with the Chief Purser.
c. Jonas is watching our takeoff.
d. Michael is briefing our crew.
e. The Maintenance Crew is fixing the landing gear.
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 BE + GOING TO
1
a. He is going to work in the A380 soon.
b. We are going to watch the Ethiopian 777 takeoff.
c. Brian is going to fly 5 legs today, he is crazy.
d. I know for a fact that Caio’s students are going to ace the ICAO test.

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2.
a. Am I going to fly a Citation in the near future?
b. Is Zack going to study for his FAA written test?
c. Are Rodrigo and Charles going to travel in First Class to Dubai next week?
d. Is she going to be our best pilot If she continues studying like this?
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3.
a. Yes, he will pass his checkride.
No, he won’t pass his checkride.

b. Yes, they are going to perform upside down maneuvers.

No, they’re not going to perform upside down maneuvers.

c. Yes, you are going to be dunked in oil for completing your solo flight.
No, you are not going to be dunked in oil for completing your solo flight.

d. Yes, I am going to pay for our barbecue tonight.

No, I am not going to pay for our barbecue tonight.
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 DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
1
a. That
b. This
c. Those, that
d. These
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.
Those
That
That
This
That
These
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

In this image, I can see 4 planes and what looks to be New York City in the back. Those 2
planes with American flags in the empennage are operated by American Airlines. That
plane parked in the right side of the picture is a cargo plane, operated by UPS.
This first American plane is a narrow body and that plane in the back is a widebody and all
of these planes belong to American companies.

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 SAY & TELL
1
a. TELL
b. SAY
c. SAID
d. SAY
e. TELL
f. TOLD
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.
a. My friend told me that some airlines are hiring.
b. John said he wanted to quit
c. They told us about the airline future plans
d. Maria said that she’s struggling with the Boeing type rating
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

RELATIVE CAUSES
1
a. WHO
b. THAT
c. WHICH / THAT
d. WHOSE
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.
a. What’s the name of the airplane WHICH/THAT you saw yesterday.
b. The man WHO/THAT was hired in first place studies 5 hours a day.
c. That’s the control column WHICH/THAT is broken.
d. That’s John, WHO had a dual engine failure yesterday.
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3.
a. What’s the name of the pilot WHO you were talking to today?
b. Correct
c. The plane THAT/WHICH I flown today was very old and needed urgent maintenance.
d. Correct
e. I couldn’t find any errors in the simulation data WHICH/THAT you sent me yesterday.
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 ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
1
a. The pilots are ALWAYS paying attention to ATC’S instructions.
b. The Chief Purser NEVER flies the plane when she wants to.
c. The passengers are RARELY listening to the Emergency Briefing.
d. The owner of the aircraft HARDLY EVER uses it. It’s a shame.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.
a. NEVER
b. ALWAYS
c. RARELY
d. OFTEN/SOMETIMES
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
During some parts of the flight, Flight Attendants are ALWAYS paying attention, especially
during takeoff and landing, meanwhile, during the flight, pilots have to pay attention,
because Bad Weather is OFTEN in the way, but they’re SOMETIMES able to avoid it,
helping passengers feel safe. Now, Engine Failure is something that RARELY happens, but
pilots are trained to cope with the situation, making sure the plane is safe. Finally, they’re
NEVER supposed to be sleeping during the flight, except when there’s a relief crew on
standby.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.
a. OFTEN
b. HARDLY EVER
c. ALWAYS
d. NEVER
e. SOMETIMES
f. USUALLY
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 COMPARISONS
1
a. Smaller
b. Lower / Slower
c. More Important
d. Higher / Faster / More Difficult
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2
a.
The 747 is larger than the 737 / The 737 is smaller than the 747
The 747 is also more complex than the 737 / The 737 is less complex than the 747.
The 747 is more expensive than the 737 / The 737 is less expensive than the 747
The 747 is more beautiful than the 737

b.
The F18 is bigger than the Corsair / The Corsair is smaller than the F18
The F18 is more expensive than the Corsair / The Corsair is less expensive than the F18
The F18 is more technological than the Corsair / The Corsair is less technological than
the F18
The Corsair is older than the F18 / The F18 is newer than the Corsair
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 SUPERLATIVES
1.
a. The A350-1000 has the longest range of any plane.
b. The Concorde was the fastest commercial plane..
c. The 747 is the best cargo aircraft.
d. Older planes are the worst when it comes to safety..
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.
The A380 is the largest commercial plane in the world. It’s also the heaviest.
The Cessna 152 is the most popular training aircraft in Brazil. It is also one of the most
reliable training aircraft out there.
The F35 is the most expensive fighter jet in the world. It is also the stealthiest.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.
a. Biggest
The A380 is the biggest commercial plane.
b. Fastest
The Concorde was the fastest commercial plane.
c. Busiest
Atlanta is the busiest airport in the world.
d. Most Beautiful

e. Most Important

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 COMPARISONS OF EQUALITY
1.
a. An Airbus A320 is as big as a Boeing 737.
b. An F15 is not as new as an F35.
c. The Captain is as experienced as the Relief Captain.
d. A Boeing 727 is not as advanced as an Airbus A350.
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2.
a. The Boeing 787 is not as new as the Boeing 777.
b. An F35 is not as slow as a Cessna 172.
c. A Captain is not as inexperienced as a First Officer.
d. American Airlines is not as big as TAP.
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3.
The King Air is not as fast as the Boeing 747.
The Boeing 747 is as capable as the Concorde.
The Concorde is as legendary as the Boeing 747.
The King Air is as automated as a Boeing 747.
The Concorde didn’t require as few pilots as the King Air.
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 MODALS
1.
a. MUST
b. CAN
c. SHOULD
d. MUST
e. CAN
f. SHOULD
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.
a. You should keep studying to pass your ICAO test.
b. You must continue the takeoff after V1.
c. Passengers and Crew could get hurt in a evacuation.
d. You can fly multiple aircraft types if you’re dedicated.
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4.
a. MAY
b. WOULD
c. MIGHT
d. MAY
e. MIGHT
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.
a. Correct
b. If you have any problems after V1, you MUST continue the takeoff.
c. Sarah CAN request extra sessions, but that’s her choice.
d. First Officers WOULD be able to be promoted if the company wasn’t bankrupt.
e. I have to check with my boss, but I MIGHT be able to get you flying with me.
 ADJECTIVES TO ADVERBS
1.
a. QUICKLY
b. TERRIBLY
c. GOOD
d. CAREFUL
e. CAREFULLY
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.
a. The Cessna 152 flies slowly.
b. George happily commands the Air Show.
c. Tina is requesting to return immediately after the engine failure.
d. Charles is carefully tugging the jet.
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QUANTIFIERS
1.
a. MANY
b. MUCH
c. LITTLE
d. FEW
e. LOTS OF
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.
In this picture I can also see LOTS OF parked airplanes. MANY of them are large private jets,
with a FEW smaller ones. Finally, there’s not MUCH space between the jets.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.
SOME AND ANY
a. SOME
b. ANY
c. ANY / SOME
d. ANY or SOME
e. ANY / SOME
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.
a. Do you have any pilot jobs at the moment?
b. Did the airplane sustain any damage after the runway excursion yesterday?
c. Hey boss, can I get you anything from the galley?
d. Would you like some extra simulator sessions?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.
a. Correct
b. Did Embraer develop SOME new jet this year?
c. Hey Lisa, I can see that you’re full of things to do. Do you need SOME help?
d. I appreciate the offer, but I don’t want ANY extra training.
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1.
IT TAKES
a. IT TOOK
b. IT’LL TAKE
c. IT TAKES
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.
a. It doesn’t take 6 hours to fly from Orlando to Miami.
b. It will not/won’t take 3 years to develop these new engines.
c. It didn’t take a lot of time to get all my licenses.
d. It won’t take dedication to fly a jumbo jet.
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3.
a. It takes 2 hours to get to the airport.
b. It takes 90 seconds to evacuate a full airplane.
c. It took focus to become a captain.
d. It will take time to move up the ranks.
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 SUPPOSED TO
2.
a. Pilots ARE supposed to keep watching the instruments after takeoff.
b. Correct
c. Mechanics are supposed to keep studying the manual to ensure their skills are up to par.
d. Chitero’s students are supposed to ace the ICAO test.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.
a. Emirates 256 is supposed to arrive at 10am.
b. If you have a windshear warning you’re supposed to go around.
c. Zack is supposed to have his checkride tomorrow.
d. Diana is supposed to ferry the company’s new A350.
e. Pilots are not supposed to fly while intoxicated.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
1.
a. ITSELF
b. HIMSELF
c. THEMSELVES
d. YOURSELVES.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.
a. Thomas requested some help, but at the end, landed the plane himself.
b. Correct
c. I’m not sure, but I think Maria fixed the plane herself yesterday.
d. I like to think I could build a plane by myself if I had time and money.
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 CONDITIONALS
1.
a. WILL.
b. WOULDN’T HAVE
c. DON’T START
d. HAD TAKEN
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2.
a. If Oliver knew the owner, he wouldn’t have talked behind his back.
b. If I were you, I wouldn’t fly with him, he doesn’t care about safety.
c. If we lived in France, we would visit the Airbus factory.
d. If my boss had more money, she would buy a brand new jet.
e. If it snows, we will not takeoff today.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.
a. If I arrived earlier, I would have missed my flight.
b. If Embraer had won the bid, they would have met the standards.
c. Correct
d. Correct
e. If Tom had practiced more, he would’ve passed the simulator checkride.
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 PRESENT PERFECT
1.
a. HAS PAINTED.
b. HAS FLOWN
c. HAS HAD
d. HAS TAKEN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.
a. Adam and Bruce have not carried the luggage to the cargo compartment yet.
b. They haven’t told her about the dismissal.
c. Correct
d. We have already downloaded the manual, how about you?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.
a. Yes, Charlie has worked there for 5 years.
No, Charlie has not worked there for 5 years.
b. Yes, Fred has spent 10 dollars on a brand new jet.
No, Fred has not spent 10 dollars on a brand new jet.
c. Yes, the crew has left their stations before it was safe to do so.
No, the crew has not left their stations before it was safe to do so.
d. Yes, I have flown to Europe as a pilot.
No, I have not flown to Europe as a pilot.
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PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
1.
a. HAS BEEN STUDYING.
b. HAVE BEEN FLYING
c. HAS BEEN WORKING
d. HAS NOT BEEN PERFORMING
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2.
a. I have been flying a Citation for 3 years.
b. Southwest has been buying Boeing for 25 years.
c. Jason has been training in the simulator since July.
d. Victoria has not been promoting captains for 1 year.
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3.
a. I have been flying for Delta Airlines
b. She has been working as a Flight Attendant
c. Marcos and Isa have been taking flights for NASA
d. British Airways have not been doing enough for their pilots
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.
PAST PERFECT
a. ARRIVED / HAD LEFT
b. HAD CALLED / LEFT
c. WATCHED / HAD CHOSEN
d. WAS / HAD STUDIED
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.
a. Lisa had not read the manual, so she was lost during the lessons.
b. We had not practiced enough, so we failed the checkride.
c. Correct
d. After they had packed their bags, the crew walked to the terminal.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.
a. The problem had already been fixed when we landed.
b. The first officer helped the flight attendant because the Captain had told him to do it.
c. When the class began, the students had arrived.
d. The mechanics fixed a problem that I hadn’t reported.
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 PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
1.
a. HAD BEEN FLYING
b. HAD BEEN WORKING
c. HAD BEEN SEEING
d. HAD BEEN SAYING
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.
a. Mike had been flying when he heard the fire warning.
b. Jan had been approaching when he went around due to a runway incursion.
c. Lufthansa had been hiring when they announced new purchases.
d. I had been driving to the airport when I got an email telling me I was hired.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.
a. Julie had been waiting at the Holding Point when she got cleared for takeoff.
b. Correct
c. Air India had been proposing new changes when the financial report dropped.
d. I had been studying hard when I got the call for the interview.
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1.
CAUSATIVES
a. MAKE - ATC didn’t make me go around due to a runway incursion.
b. LET - I’m sorry, my boss doesn’t let me discuss salaries.
c. GET - The last Cirrus event wasn’t awesome, didn’t me excited for the next one.
d. HAVE - The Captain didn’t have the Chief Purser solve the problem with the passengers.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.
a. Yesterday, I had my plane washed and detailed.
b. I finally got my Commercial Pilot’s License.
c. Correct
d. I made my student stall the airplane as a part of his training.