plex Numbers 3.

CHAPTER

3 Complex Numbers

Chapter Highlights
Imaginary numbers, Integral powers of i, Complex numbers, Conjugate of a complex number, Modulus of a
complex number, Square roots of a complex number, Argand plane and geometrical representation of complex
numbers, Polar form of a complex number, Particular cases of polar form, Eulerian representation of a complex
number, Logarithm of a complex number, Vectorial representation of a complex number, Roots of a complex
number, Geometry of complex numbers.

IMAGINARY NUMBERS TRICK(S) FOR PROBLEM SOLVING

Square root of a negative number is called an imaginary
 For any n ∈ N
number.
⎡ 1, when n is even⎤
1. i2n = (i2)n = (–1)n = ⎢ ⎥
Illustration 1 ⎣ − 1, when n is odd ⎦
−1, −4 , −7 , −18 , and so on are all imaginary ⎡ i, when n is even⎤
2. i2n+1 = (i2n) i = (–1)ni = ⎢ ⎥.
numbers. ⎣ − i, when n is odd ⎦
−1 is denoted by the Greek letter i (pronounced as  The sum of four consecutive powers of i is zero. For
example,
iota), where i is a number such that i2 = –1. Thus,
i10 + i11 + i13 + i14 = 0
−2 = 2i , −3 = 3i , −4 = 2i.
 Also, for any n ∈ N, the value of i–n is found out by writing
1
this as n and solving i n.
NOTE i
 Thus, any integral power of i can be expressed in terms of
±1 or ± i.
If a < 0, then a = |a| i.
The symbol ‘i’ was first introduced by the famous
mathematician, Leonhard Euler (1707–1783) in 1748, For any two real numbers a and b, a × b = ab is true
possibly because ‘i’ is the first letter of the Latin word only when at least one of a and b is either zero or positive. If
‘imaginarius’. both a and b are positive real numbers, then the calculation
− a × − b = ( − a) ( − b ) = ab is wrong.
The correct calculation is
INTEGRAL POWERS OF I
− a × − b = ( − 1 a )( − 1 b )
We have
i= −1 , i2 = –1. = (i a ) (i b )
Therefore,
= i2( a × b ) = (–1) ( ab )
i3 = i2 × i = (–1) × i = –i,
i4 = i2 × i2 = (–1) × (–1) = 1 = – ab
3.2 Chapter 3

Thus, the calculation −2 × −3 = ( −2) × ( −3) ⎡ i (1 − i ) ⎤

= (1 + i) ⎢ ⎥
= 6 is wrong. ⎣ 1− i ⎦
= (1 + i) i = –1 + i
The correct result is −2 × −3 = (i 2 ) (i 3 )
4. The least positive integer n for which
= i2( 2 × 3) n
⎛1+ i⎞ 2 −1 1 + x 2
=– 6 ⎜⎝ 1 − i ⎟⎠ = sin , where x > 0, is
p 2x
(A) 1 (B) 2
SOLVED EXAMPLES (C) 4 (D) None of these

⎛1+ i ⎞ ⎛1− i ⎞
8 8 Solution: (C)
1. The value of ⎜ + is equal to
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ 1 + x2
–1
For sin 2 x to be defined,
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 2
1+ x 2
Solution: (D) –1 ≤ ≤1
2x
8 8
⎛1+ i ⎞ ⎛1− i ⎞ 1 + x2
We have, ⎜ + or ≤1
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ 2x
p p⎤ ⎡
8
p p⎤
8 or 1 + x2 ≤ 2x
⎡
= ⎢cos + i sin ⎥ + ⎢cos − i sin ⎥ or (1 – x)2 ≤ 0 or x = 1
⎣ 4 4⎦ ⎣ 4 4⎦
= cos 2p + i sin 2p + cos 2p – i sin 2p Now,
n
⎛1+ i ⎞
n
⎛ (1 + i ) 2 ⎞ n
= 2 cos 2p = 2 (1) = 2 [By De-Moivre’s theorem] ⎜⎝ 1 − i ⎟⎠ = 1 ⇒ ⎜ 2 ⎟ =1⇒i =1
⎝ ⎠
2. i − −i is equal to
1 COMPLEX NUMBERS
(A) i 2 (B) (C) 0 (D) – i 2
i 2 An expression of the form x + iy, where x and y are real
Solution: (A, D)
numbers and i = −1 , is called a complex number. It is
1
We have, i=0+i⋅1= (0 + 2i) usually denoted by z, i.e.,
2
1 1 z = x + iy
=(1 + i2 + 2 ⋅ 1 ⋅ i) = (1 + i)2
2 2 x is called the real part and y the imaginary part of z and
1 may be denoted by Re (z) and Im (z) respectively.
\ i =± (1 + i) If y = 0, z is called purely real and if x = 0, z is called
2
purely imaginary.
1
\ −i = ± (1 – i) The set of complex numbers is denoted by C.
2 If x = 0 and y = 0, the complex number reduces to
Hence, 0 + i ⋅ 0 = 0, which is called the zero complex number.
1
i − −i = ± [(1 + i) – (1 – i)] = ± 2i
2 I M P O R TA N T P O I N T S
13
3. The value of the sum ∑ (i n + i n +1 ), where i = −1,  We observe that the system of complex numbers includes
equals n =1 the system of real numbers, i.e., R ⊂ C.
(A) i (B) i – 1 (C) –i (D) 0  Every real number is a complex number.
 0 is both purely real and purely imaginary number.
Solution: (B)  A complex number is an imaginary number if and only if its
13 13
imaginary part is non-zero. Here, real part may or may not be
∑ (i n + i n +1 ) = ∑ i n (1 + i) zero. 4 + 3i is an imaginary number but not purely imaginary.
n =1 n =1
 All purely imaginary numbers except zero are imaginary
⎡ i (1 − i13 ) ⎤ numbers but an imaginary number may or may not be
= (1 + i) ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 1− i ⎦ purely imaginary.
 Complex Numbers 3.3

EQUALITY OF COMPLEX NUMBERS x 1x 2 + y 1y 2 + i ( x 2 y 1 − x 1y 2 )

=
Two complex numbers are said to be equal if and only if x 22 + y 22
their real parts and imaginary parts are separately equal. x1 x2 + y1 y2 i ( x2 y1 − x1 y2 )
= +
i.e., a + ib = c + id x22 + y22 x22 + y22
⇔ a = c and b = d. Multiplicative Inverse of a Non-zero
i.e., z1 = z2 Complex Number
⇔ Re (z1) = Re (z2) and Im (z1) = Im (z2) Multiplicative inverse of a non-zero complex number z = a
+ ib is defined as
1 1 1 a − ib a − ib
CAUTION z–1 = = = × = 2
z a + ib a + ib a − ib a + b2
Inequality relation does not hold good in case of complex a b
numbers having non-zero imaginary parts. For example, the = 2 2
−i
statement 8 + 5i > 4 + 2i makes no sense. a +b a + b2
2

Re (z ) [ − Im (z )]
i.e., z– 1 = +i
| z |2 | z |2
Algebra of Complex Numbers
Addition SOLVED EXAMPLES
For two complex numbers z1 = a1 + ib1 and z2 = a2 + ib2,
their sum is defined as 5. The number of integral solutions of the equation
z = z1 + z2 = (a1 + a2) + i (b1 + b2) (1 – i)x = 2x are
(A) 1 (B) 2
Subtraction (C) 0 (D) None of these
For two complex numbers z1 = a1 + ib1 and z2 = a2 + ib2, the Solution: (C)
subtraction of z2 from z1 is defined as
Let k be an integral solution of the given equation.
z1 – z2 = z1 + (– z2) = (a1 – a2) + i (b1 – b2)
( 2)
k
Then, (1 – i)k = 2k ⇒ | (1 – i)k | = 2k ⇒ = 2k,
Multiplication which is possible only if k = 0.
Multiplication of two complex numbers z1 = a + ib and
6. Let z1 and z2 be two non real complex cube roots of
z2 = c + id is defined as
unity and |z – z1|2 + |z – z2|2 = l be the equation of a
z1z2 = (ac – bd) + i(ad + bc) circle with z1, z2 as ends of a diameter, then the value
of l is
TRICK(S) FOR PROBLEM SOLVING (A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 2
Solution: (B)
The product of complex numbers can be easily computed if
we actually carry out the multiplication as given below:
We have,
(a + ib) (c + id) = ac + iad + ibc + i2bd |z – w |2 + |z – w2|2 = l
= ac + i (ad + bc) – bd (∵ i2 = − 1) ⇒ l = |w – w2|2 = |w2 + w4 – 2w3|
= (ac – bd) + i (ad + bc)
= |w2 + w – 2| = |– 1 – 2| = 3

Division
CONJUGATE OF A COMPLEX NUMBER
Division of two complex numbers
z1 = x1 + iy1 and z2 = x2 + iy2, Conjugate of a complex number z = a + ib is defined as
where x2 + iy2 ≠ 0, is defined as z = a – ib.
z1 x + iy 1 ( x + iy1 ) ( x2 − iy2 )
= 1 = 1 For example, 4 + 5i = 4 – 5i and 4 − 5i = 4 + 5i.
z2 x 2 + iy 2 ( x2 + iy2 ) ( x2 − iy2 )
3.4 Chapter 3

where
I M P O R TA N T P O I N T S ac + bd
A=
c2 + d 2
Geometrically, the conjugate of z is the reflection or point and
image of z in the real axis.
bc − ad
B= .
Y c2 + d 2
Imaginary axis

TRICK(S) FOR PROBLEM SOLVING

P(z)
a + ib
To put the complex number in the form A + iB we
c + id
θ should multiply the numerator and the denominator by the
O X
–θ conjugate of the denominator.

Q( z ) MODULUS OF A COMPLEX NUMBER

Modulus of a complex number z = a + ib, denoted as mod
(z) or |z|, is defined as
Properties of Conjugate
1. (z ) = z |z| = a2 + b 2 , where a = Re (z), b = Im (z).
2. z = z if and only if z is purely real
Sometimes, |z| is called absolute value of z. Note that |z| ≥ 0.
3. z = – z if and only if z is purely imaginary
4. z + z = 2 Re (z) and z – z = 2i Im (z) For example, if z = 3 + 2i, then |z| = 32 + 2 2 = 13.
5. z1 + z2 = z1 + z2
Properties of Modulus
6. z1 − z2 = z1 − z2
1. |z| ≥ 0 and |z| = 0 if and only if z = 0, i.e., x = 0, y = 0
7. z1 z2 = z1 ⋅ z2
2. |z| = | z | = |– z| = | − z | .
⎛z ⎞ z 3. z z = |z|2
8. ⎜ 1 ⎟ = 1 , z2 ≠ 0
⎝ z2 ⎠ z2 4. –|z| ≤ Re (z) ≤ |z| and – |z| ≤ Im (z) ≤ |z|
9. If z = f (z1), then z = f (z1 ) 5. |zn| = |z|n

( )
10. z n = ( z ) n
6. |z1z2| = |z1| |z2|

11. z1 z2 + z1 z2 = 2 Re ( z1 z2) = 2 Re (z1 z2 ) z1 |z |

7. = 1
z2 | z2 |
a + ib
Method of Writing the Complex Number
c + id 8. |z1 ± z2| ≤ |z1| + |z2|
in the form A + iB
9. |z1 – z2| ≥ |z1| – |z2|
We have, 10. |z1 + z2|2 + |z1 – z2|2 = 2 (|z1|2 + |z2|2)
a + ib (a + ib ) ( c − id )
=
c + id (c + id ) (c − id ) 11. |z1 + z2|2 = |z1|2 + |z2|2 + 2 Re (z1 z )
2
2 2 2
[Multiplying the Nu. and the Dn. by 12. |z1 – z2| = |z1| + |z2| – 2 Re (z1 z )
2
the conjugate of the Dn.] 2 2 2
13. |z1 + z2| = |z1| + |z2|
( ac + bd ) + i (bc − ad )
= z1 ⎛z ⎞
c2 + d 2 ⇒ is purely imaginary or Re ⎜ 1 ⎟ = 0
ac + bd bc − ad z2 ⎝ z2 ⎠
= 2 +i 2
c + d2 c + d2
= A + iB,
 Complex Numbers 3.5

z +1 1
I M P O R TA N T P O I N T S ⇒ =
z −1 iy
Geometrically |z| represents the distance of point P from 2 z 1 + iy
the origin. i.e., |z| = OP
⇒ = (by componendo and dividendo)
2 1 − iy
Y
1 + iy 1 + y2
⇒ z= ⇒ |z| = =1
P(z) 1 − iy 1 + y2
9. If |z – i| < 1, then |z + 12 – 6i|
(A) <14 (B) <16
(C) >14 (D) =14
X Solution: (A)
O M
Given, |z – i| < 1
Now, |z + 12 – 6i| = | (z – i) + (12 – 5i)|
TRICK(S) FOR PROBLEM SOLVING ≤ |z – i| + |12 – 5i|
Most of the complex equations are solved using the property
zz = |z|2. (∵ |z1 + z2| ≤ |z1| + |z2|)
< 1 + 13 = 14
Hence |z + 12 – 6i| < 14.
SOLVED EXAMPLES
10. The maximum value of |z| when z satisfies the condi-
7. The solution of the equation |z| – z = 1 + 2i is 2
tion z + = 2 is
3 3 z
(A) – 2i (B) + 2i
2 2 (A) 3–1 (B) 3 +1
3
(C) 2 – i (D) None of these (C) 3 (D) 2+ 3
2
Solution: (A) Solution: (B)
We have, |z| – z = 1 + 2i 2 2 2 2
We have, |z| = z + − ≤ z+ + .
z z z | z|
⇒ x 2 + y 2 – (x + iy) = 1 + 2i, 2
⇒ |z| ≤ 2 + ⇒ |z|2 ≤ 2|z| + 2
where z = x + iy |z |
⇒ |z|2 – 2|z| + 1 ≤ 1 + 2 ⇒ (|z| – 1)2 ≤ 3
⇒ x 2 + y 2 – x = 1 and y = – 2
⇒ – 3 ≤ |z| – 1 ≤ 3 ⇒ 1 – 3 ≤ |z| ≤ 1 + 3
[Comparing real and imaginary parts]
That is, the maximum value of |z| is 1 + 3.
3
⇒ x= and y = – 2.
2 11. If |z| = Max. {|z – 1|, |z + 1|}, then
3 1
\ The solution of the given equation is – 2i. (A) |z + z | = (B) z + z = 1
2 2
z −1
8. If is purely imaginary, then (C) |z + z | = 1 (D) None of these
z +1
(A) |z| > 1 (B) |z| < 1 Solution: (C)
(C) |z| = 1 (D) None of these We have, |z| = |z – 1|
Solution: (C) ⇒ |z|2 = |z – 1|2 ⇒ z z = (z – 1) ( z – 1)
z −1
Let = iy, where y is real ⇒ zz = zz – z –z + 1 ⇒ z +z = 1
z +1
3.6 Chapter 3

Also, |z| = |z + 1| ⇒ |z|2 = |z + 1|2 From Eq. (2), we can determine the sign of xy. If xy > 0,
then x and y will have same sign. Thus,
⇒ z z = (z + 1) ( z + 1) = z z + z + z + 1
⇒ z + z = –1, ⎡ ⎛ 2
a + b2 + a⎞ ⎛ a2 + b 2 − a ⎞ ⎤
a + ib = ± ⎢ ⎜ ⎟ +i ⎜ ⎟ ⎥⎥
\ |z + z | = 1 ⎢ ⎜ 2 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
⎢⎣ ⎝ ⎥⎦
z −2 If xy < 0, then
12. If (z ≠ –2) is purely imaginary then |z| is equal to
z +2
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
⎡ ⎛ 2
a + b2 + a ⎞ ⎛ a2 + b2 − a ⎞ ⎤
a + ib = ± ⎢ ⎜ ⎟ −i ⎜ ⎟ ⎥⎥
⎢ ⎜ 2 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
Solution: (B) ⎢⎣ ⎝ ⎥⎦
Let z = x + iy
z−2 x + iy − 2 ( x − 2) + iy TRICK(S) FOR PROBLEM SOLVING
Then, = =
z+2 x + iy + 2 ( x + 2) + iy Square roots of z = a + ib are:
[( x − 2) + iy ][( x + 2) − iy ] ⎡ |z| + a |z| − a ⎤
= ± ⎢ +i
( x + 2) 2 + y 2 ⎥ for b > 0 and
⎣ 2 2 ⎦
( x 2 + y 2 − 4) + i ( 4 y )
= ⎡ |z| + a |z| − a ⎤
( x + 2) 2 + y 2 ± ⎢ −i ⎥ for b < 0
⎣ 2 2 ⎦
z −2
Since is purely imaginary, ⎧ ⎫
z +2 a + tb + a − tb = ± 2⎨ a2 + b2 + a ⎬
⎩ ⎭
\ x2 + y2 – 4 = 0 where b > 0

⇒ x2 + y2 = 4 ⇒ |z|2 = 4 ⇒ |z| = 2.
⇒ z+ z =± 2 { z +a }
where lm(z) > 0
⎧ ⎫
Also, a + tb − a − tb = ± 2⎨ a2 + b2 − a ⎬ t
SQUARE ROOTS OF A COMPLEX NUMBER ⎩ ⎭
where b > 0
Let z = a + ib and let the square root of z be the complex
number x + iy. Then
⇒ z− z =± 2 { z −a t }
where b > 0
a + ib = x + iy
or (a + ib) = (x + iy)2 = (x2 – y2) + (2xy) i
SOLVED EXAMPLES
Equating real and imaginary part, we get
3
a = x2 – y2 (1) 13. If 3 a − ib = x – iy, then a + ib =
and b = 2xy (2) (A) x + iy (B) x – iy
(C) y + ix (D) y – ix
Now, x2 + y2 = ( x 2 − y 2 )2 + 4 x 2 y 2
Solution: (A)
2 2
= a +b (3) We have, 3
a − ib = x – iy
Solving the equations (1) and (3), we get
⇒ a – ib = (x – iy)3 = x3 – 3x2 ⋅ iy + 3x (iy)2 – (iy)3
⎛ a2 + b 2 + a ⎞ = (x3 – 3xy2) – i (3x2y – y3)
x=± ⎜ ⎟
⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ \ a + ib = (x3 – 3xy2) + i (3x2y – y3)
= x3 + 3x2 ⋅ (iy) + 3x (iy)2 + (iy)3
⎛ a2 + b2 − a ⎞
and y=± ⎜ ⎟ = (x + iy)3
⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
\ 3
a + ib = x + iy.
 Complex Numbers 3.7

14. The complex number z satisfying the equations |z – i| = 1

or z2 = =–i
|z + 1| = 1 is i
(A) 0 (B) 1 + i Now, z = i ⇒ |z| = |i| = 1
(C) –1 + i (D) 1 – i
and z2 = – i ⇒ |z2| = | –i|
Solution: (A, C)
⇒ |z|2 = 1 ⇒ |z| = 1
Let z = x + iy. Then,
Thus, in both cases |z| = 1.
|(x + iy) – i| = |(x + iy) + 1| = 1
17. The greatest value of |z + 1| if |z + 4| ≤ 3 is
or x 2 + ( y − 1)2 = ( x + 1) + y 2 = 1 (A) 4 (B) 5
(C) 6 (D) None of these
\ x2 + y2 – 2y + 1 = x2 + y2 + 2x + 1
i.e., x=–y (1) Solution: (C)
and x2 + y2 – 2y + 1 = 1 (2) We have,
|z + 1| = |z + 4 – 3| = |(z + 4) + (– 3)|
From Eq. (1) and (2), x2 + x2 + 2x = 0; or x (x + 1) = 0
≤ |z + 4| + |– 3| = |z + 4| + 3
\ x = 0, –1;
≤3+3=6 (∵ |z + 4| ≤ 3)
\ y = 0, 1
Hence, the greatest value of |z + 1| is 6.
\ z = x + iy = 0, –1 + i.
15. The complex number z satisfying the equations ARGAND PLANE AND GEOMETRICAL
|z| – 4 = |z – i| – |z + 5i| = 0, is REPRESENTATION OF COMPLEX NUMBERS
(A) 3 – i (B) 2 3 – 2i
Let O be the origin and OX and OY be the x-axis and y-axis
(C) – 2 3 – 2i (D) 0 respectively. Then, any complex number z = x + iy = (x, y)
Solution: (B, C) may be represented by a unique point P whose coordinates
We have two equations are (x, y).
The representation of complex numbers as points in a
|z| – 4 = 0 and |z – i| – |z + 5i| = 0 plane forms an Argand diagram.
Putting z = x + iy, these equations become The plane on which complex numbers are repre-
sented is known as the complex plane or Argand’s plane
|x + iy| = 4 i.e., x2 + y2 = 16 (1) or Gaussian plane. The x-axis is called the real axis and
and |x + iy – i| = |x + iy + 5i| y-axis the imaginary axis.
The complex number z = x + iy is known as the affix
or x2 + (y – 1)2 = x2 + (y + 5)2 of the point (x, y) which it represents.
i.e. y = –2 (2)
2
Putting y = –2 in (1), x + 4 = 16 or x = ±2. POLAR FORM OF A COMPLEX NUMBER
Hence, the complex numbers z satisfying the given
Let O be the origin and OX and OY be the x-axis and y-axis
equations are
respectively. Let z = x + iy be a complex number repre-
z1 = 2 – 2i, and z2 = – 2 – 2i. sented by the point P(x, y).
Draw PM ^ OX. Then,
16. If i z3 + z2 – z + i = 0, then
OM = x and PM = y. Join OP
(A) |z| < 1 (B) |z| > 1
(C) |z| = 1 (D) |z| = 0 Let OP = r and ∠XOP = q.
Solution: (C) Then

Given, iz3 + z2 – z + i = 0 z = x + iy = r (cos q + i sin q)

⇒ i z2 (z – i) – (z – i) = 0 This form of z is called polar or trigonometric form.

⇒ (z – i) (i z2 – 1) = 0 ⇒ z = i
3.8 Chapter 3

Comparing real and imaginary parts, we get

 If x > 0, y < 0 (i.e., z is in fourth quadrant), then
x = r cos q (1) y⎞
⎛||
arg z = q = – tan–1 ⎜ ⎟ .
and y = r sin q (2) ⎝ x⎠
Squaring Eq. (1) and (2) and adding, we get  Argument of the complex number 0 is not defined.
⎧0, if x > 0
r2 = x2 + y2 or r= x 2 + y 2 = |z|  arg (x + i0) = ⎨
⎩p , if x < 0
Thus, r is known and is equal to the modulus of the complex ⎧p /2, if y > 0
number z.  arg (0 + iy) = ⎨ .
⎩3p /2, if y < 0
Substituting the value of r in Eq. (1) and (2), we get
x y
cos q = and sin q = (3)
x2 + y 2 x2 + y 2 Properties of Argument
y 1. arg (z1z2) = arg (z1) + arg (z2)
Dividing Eq. (2) by (1), we get tan q = .
x ⎛z ⎞
The form z = r (cos q + i sinq ) = reiq of the complex 2. arg ⎜ 1 ⎟ = arg z1 – arg z2
⎝ z2 ⎠
number z is called exponential form.
Any value of q satisfying (3) is known as amplitude ⎛z⎞
3. arg ⎜ ⎟ = 2 arg z
or argument of z and written as q = arg (z) or q = amp z. ⎝z ⎠
4. arg (zn) = n arg z
I M P O R TA N T P O I N T S ⎛z ⎞ ⎛z ⎞
5. If arg ⎜ 2 ⎟ = q, then arg ⎜ 1 ⎟ = 2kp – q where k ∈ I
⎝ z1 ⎠ ⎝ z2 ⎠
The unique value of q such that – p < q ≤ p for which x =
r cos q and y = r sin q, is known as the principal value of 6. arg z = – arg z
the argument.
The general value of the argument is (2np + q),
7. arg ( z z ) = arg z ( ) = arg (positive real number) = 0
2

where n is an integer and q is the principal value of arg (z).

While reducing a complex number to polar form, we SOLVED EXAMPLES
always take the principal value.
The complex number z = r (cos q + i sin q) can also 18. The inequality |z – 4 | < |z – 2| represents the region
be written as rcisq. given by,
(A) Re (z) > 0
r ( c os θ + i s in θ )
(B) Re (z) < 0
(C) Re (z) > 3
(D) None of these
rcis θ
Solution: (C)

Given |z – 4 |2 < |z – 2|2

TRICK(S) FOR PROBLEM SOLVING ⇒ |(x – 4) + iy |2 < | (x – 2) + iy |2

 If x > 0, y > 0 (i.e., z is in first quadrant), then ⇒ (x – 4)2 + y2 < (x – 2)2 + y2

⎛ y⎞ ⇒ – 4x < – 12 ⇒ 4x > 12; x > 3
arg z = q = tan– 1 ⎜ ⎟ .
⎝ x⎠
 If x < 0, y > 0 (i.e., z is in second quadrant), then ⇒ Re (z) > 3.
⎛ y⎞ ⎛p⎞ ⎛p⎞
arg z = q = p – tan–1 ⎜ ⎟ . 19. If zr = cos ⎜ r ⎟ + i sin
⎝||
x⎠ ⎝3 ⎠ ⎜⎝ r ⎟⎠ , r = 1, 2, 3, …, then
3
 If x < 0, y < 0 (i.e., z is in third quadrant), then
z1 z2 z3 … ∞ =
⎛ y⎞
arg z = q = – p + tan–1 ⎜ ⎟ . (A) i (B) –i
⎝ x⎠
(C) 1 (D) –1
 Complex Numbers 3.9

Solution: (A) ⇒ |x + iy – 4|2 < |x + iy – 2|2

⎛p⎞ ⎛p⎞ (Putting z = x + iy)
Since zr = cos ⎜ r ⎟ + i sin ⎜ r ⎟ ,
⎝3 ⎠ ⎝3 ⎠ ⇒ (x – 4)2 + y2 < (x – 2)2 + y2
r = 1, 2, 3, … ⇒ x2 – 8x + 16 + y2 < x2 – 4x + 4 + y2
we have, z1 · z2 · z3 … ∞ ⇒ –4x < – 12 ⇒ x > 3 ⇒ Re (z) > 3
⎛ p p⎞ ⎛ p p⎞
= ⎜ cos + i sin ⎟ ⎜ cos 2 + i sin 2 ⎟ 1− i 3
⎝ 3 3 ⎠ ⎝ 3 3 ⎠ 22. The argument of is
1+ i 3
⎛ p p⎞ p 2p 4p 2p
⎜⎝ cos 3 + i sin 3 ⎟⎠ ...∞ (A) (B) (C) (D) –
3 3 3 3 3 3
⎛p p p ⎞ ⎛p p p ⎞ Solution: (D)
= cos ⎜ + 2 + 3 + ...⎟ + i sin ⎜ + 2 + 3 + ...⎟
⎝3 3 3 ⎠ ⎝ 3 3 3 ⎠ 1− i 3 (1 − i 3 )2 −2 − 2 3 i
= =
⎛ p ⎞ ⎛ p ⎞ 1+ i 3 4 4
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ 3 ⎟
= cos ⎜ 3 ⎟ + i sin ⎜ 1⎟
1
= − −
3
i.
1
⎜1− ⎟ ⎜1− ⎟ 2 2
⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 3⎠ ⎛ 1 3 ⎞ 2p
p p \ arg ⎜ − − i⎟ = – (p – tan–1 3) = –
= cos + i sin = 0 + i ⋅ 1 = i ⎝ 2 2 ⎠ 3
2 2
10 23. arg bi (b > 0) is
⎛ 2p k 2p k ⎞ p p
20. The value of ∑ ⎜ sin − i cos is (A) p
11 ⎟⎠
⎝ (B) (C) – (D) 0
k =1 11 2 2
(A) 1 (B) – 1 (C) i (D) –i Solution: (B)
Since b > 0, bi represents a point on the positive side
Solution: (C)
of the imaginary axis on which the argument of every
We have, p
10 point is .
⎛ 2p k 2p k ⎞ 2
∑ ⎜⎝ sin 11
− i cos
11 ⎟⎠ 24. Let zk (k = 0, 1, 2, …, 6) be the roots of the equation
k =1
10 6
⎛ 2p k 2p k ⎞
= ∑ ⎜⎝ −i 2 sin 11
− i cos
11 ⎟⎠
(z + 1)7 + z7 = 0, then ∑ Re (z k ) is equal to
k =1 k =0
10 2p k 3 7 7
10
⎛ 2p k 2p k ⎞ i (A) 0 (B) (C) – (D)
= –i ∑ ⎜⎝ cos 11
+ i sin
11 ⎟⎠
=–i ∑e 11
2 2 2
k =1 k =1 Solution: (C)
⎡ 10 i 2p k ⎤
= – i ⎢ ∑ e 11 − 1⎥ Let zk = xk + iyk,
⎢ k =0 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ we have (zk + 1)7 + z k7 = 0
= – i (sum of 11th roots of unity – 1)
⇒ (zk + 1)7 = – zk7 ⇒ |zk + 1|7 = |zk|7
= – i (0 – 1) = i.
21. The inequality |z – 4| < |z – 2| represents the region ⇒ |zk + 1| = |zk| ⇒ |xk + iyk + 1|2 = |xk + iyk|2
given by
⇒ (xk + 1)2 + y k2 = xk2 + yk2
(A) Re (z) > 0 (B) Re (z) < 0
(C) Re (z) > 2 (D) None of these 1
⇒ 2xk + 1 = 0 or xk = –
Solution: (D) 2
6 6
We have, 7
Thus, ∑ Re ( z k ) = ∑ xk = – 2 .
|z – 4| < |z – 2| ⇒ |z – 4|2 < |z – 2|2 k =0 k =0
3.10 Chapter 3

25. If arg (z) < 0, then arg (–z) – arg (z) =

(A) p (B) –p
NOTE
p p e iq + e − iq e iq − e − iq
(C) – (D) cos q = and sin q =
2 2 2 2i
Solution: (A)
As –q = arg (z) < 0,
SOLVED EXAMPLE
we take z = r [cos (– q ) + i sin (– q )]
= r (cos q – i sinq ) ( 3 + i ) 4 n +1
26. For any integer n, the argument of z = is
(1 − i 3 ) 4 n
(–z) p p
(A) (B)
r 6 3
π –θ
p 2p
(C) (D)
O –θ 2 3
r (E) All of the above
(Z) Solution: (A)
We have,
⇒ – z = r (– cos q + i sinq )
( 3 + i ) 4 n +1
= r [cos (p – q ) + i sin (p – q )] z=
(1 − i 3 ) 4 n
\ arg (–z) = p – q 4 n +1
Thus, ⎛ ip ⎞
arg (–z) – arg (z) = p – q + (q ) = p ⎜ 2e 6 ⎟ i ( 4 n +1)
p
⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ 2 4 n +1e 6
= 4n
= p
PARTICULAR CASES OF POLAR FORM ⎛ −i p ⎞ − i 4n
⎜ 2e 3 ⎟ 24n e 3
⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
1. 1 = 1 + i0 = cos 0 + i sin 0
2. –1 = – 1 + i0 = cos p + i sin p i (12 n +1)
p pi
p p = 2⋅e 6 = 2 ⋅ e 2 np i ⋅ e 6
3. i = 0 + i1 = cos + i sin
2 2 = 2 ⋅ epi/6 (∵ e2npi = 1)
⎛ p⎞ ⎛ p⎞
4. –i = 0 + i (– 1) = cos ⎜ − ⎟ + i sin ⎜ − ⎟ p
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ \ arg z = .
6
⎡ ⎛ p⎞ ⎛ p⎞⎤
5. 1 – i = 2 ⎢cos ⎜ − ⎟ + i sin ⎜ − ⎟ ⎥ LOGARITHM OF A COMPLEX NUMBER
⎣ ⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 4⎠⎦
⎡ ⎛ 3p ⎞ ⎛ 3p ⎞ ⎤ log (x + iy) = loge (reiq) = loge eiq = loge r + iq
6. –1 – i = 2 ⎢cos ⎜ − ⎟ + i sin ⎜ − ⎟ ⎥
⎣ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠⎦ ⎛ y⎞
= loge ( x 2 + y 2 ) + i tan −1 ⎜ ⎟
⎝ x⎠
EULERIAN REPRESENTATION OF A loge (z) = loge |z| + i arg (z)
COMPLEX NUMBER
Since eiq = cos q + i sin q, thus any non zero complex num- CAUTION
ber z = x + iy = r (cos q + i sin q ) can be represented in
Eulerian form as Since the argument of a complex number is not unique, the
log of a complex number cannot be unique. In general,
z = reiq = r (cos q + i sin q ), loge (z) = loge |z| + i [2kp + arg (z)], k ∈ I
where |z| = r and q = arg (z).
 Complex Numbers 3.11

NOTE SOLVED EXAMPLES

ip
ip ⎛ ip ⎞ 27. If z = cos q + i sin q, then
log i = log e 2 = , log (log i) = log ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2⎠ 1
2 (A) z n + n = 2 cos nq
⎛p⎞ ip z
= log i + log ⎜ ⎟ = + log (p/2).
⎝ 2⎠ 2 1
(B) z n + n = 2n cos nq
z
1
(C) z n − n = 2i sin nq
VECTORIAL REPRESENTATION OF A z
COMPLEX NUMBER 1
(D) z n − n = (2i)n sin nq
z
If P is the point (a, b) on the argand plane corresponding to
the complex number z = a + ib. Solution: (A, C)
Then We have,
 1 1
OP i=ˆ aiˆ + bjˆ , = = cos q – i sin q.
z cos q + i sin q

\ OP = a 2 + b 2 = |z| \ zn = (cos q + i sinq)n = cos nq + i sin nq,
1
and and = (cos q – i sinq)n = cos nq – i sin nq
 ⎛ b⎞ zn
arg(z) = direction of the vector OP = tan–1 ⎜ ⎟ . 1
⎝ a⎠ Hence, z n + n = 2 cos nq
z
De’Moivre’s Theorem n 1
and z − n = 2i sin nq.
If n is any integer, then z
z 2n − 1
28. If z = cos q + i sin q, then 2 n =
(cos q + i sin q)n = cos nq + i sin nq z +1
(A) i cot nq (B) i tan nq
TRICK(S) FOR PROBLEM SOLVING (C) tan nq (D) cot nq
(n is an integer)
 If n is any rational number, then cos nq + i sin nq is one of
the values of (cos q + i sinq)n. Solution: (B)
 (cos q + i sinq )– n = cos (–n)q + i sin (–n)q We have,
= cos nq – i sin n q z 2n − 1 (cos q + i sin q )2 n − 1
=
 (cos q – isinq )n = [cos (–q ) + i sin (–q )]n z 2n + 1
(cos q + i sin q )2 n + 1
= cos (–nq ) + isin (–nq )
cos 2nq + i sin 2nq − 1
= cos nq – isin nq =
cos 2nq + i sin 2nq + 1
1
 = (cos q + isin q )–1 = cos q – i sin q (Using De Moivre’s Theorem)
cos q + i sinq
 The theorem cannot be applied to (cos q + isinf)n i.e., q (1 − 2 sin 2 nq ) + 2i sin nq cos nq − 1
must be same with cos and sin both.
=
(2 cos2 nq − 1) + 2i sin nq cos nq + 1
 The theorem is not directly applicable to (sin q + i cosq )n,
i sin nq cos nq + i 2 sin 2 nq
rather n = (∵ i2 = –1)
⎡ ⎛p ⎞ ⎛p ⎞⎤ cos 2 nq + i sin nq cos nq
(sin q + icosq )n = ⎢cos ⎜ − q ⎟ + i sin ⎜ − q ⎟ ⎥
⎣ ⎝2 ⎠ ⎝2 ⎠⎦
i sin nq (cos nq + i sin nq )
= = i tan nq.
⎛p ⎞ ⎛p ⎞ cos nq (cos nq + i sin nq )
= cos n ⎜ − q ⎟ + i sin ⎜ − q ⎟
⎝2 ⎠ ⎝2 ⎠
 (cosq1 + i sinq1) (cos q2 + isin q2) … (cosqn + isin qn)
29. If a = cos a + i sin a, b = cos b + i sin b,
a b c
= cos (q1 + q2 + … + qn) + isin (q1 + q2 + … + qn) c = cos g + i sin g and + + = – 1, then
b c a
cos (b – g ) + cos (g – a) + cos (a – b ) =
3.12 Chapter 3

(A) 0 (B) 1 31. If (sin q1 + i cos q1) (sin q2 + i cos q2) … (sin qn + i cos
(C) –1 (D) None of these qn) = a + ib, then a2 + b2 =
Solution: (C) (A) 4 (B) 2
(C) 1 (D) None of these
We have,
1 1 Solution: (C)
= cos a – i sin a, = cos b – i sin b
a b Given expression
a n
⎛ ⎛p ⎞ ⎛p ⎞⎞
= (cos a + i sina) (cos b – i sinb )
Now
b = ∏ ⎜⎝ cos ⎜⎝ 2 − q r ⎟⎠ + i sin ⎜⎝ 2 − q r ⎟⎠ ⎟⎠
r =1
a
or = cos (a – b ) + i sin (a – b ) n
⎛p ⎞
n
⎛p ⎞
b = cos ∑ ⎜ − q r ⎟ + i sin ∑ ⎜ − q r ⎟
r =1
⎝ 2 ⎠ r =1
⎝ 2 ⎠
b
Similarly, = cos (b – g ) + i sin (b – g ) = cos a + i sin a,
c
n
c ⎛p ⎞
and
a
= cos (g – a) + i sin (g – a) where a= ∑ ⎜⎝ 2 − q r ⎟⎠
r =1
a b c
Putting these values in + + = –1, = a + ib
b c a
we get \ a2 + b2 = cos2 a + sin2 a = 1.
[cos (a – b ) + cos (b – g ) + cos (g – a)]
32. If z2 – 2zcosq + 1 = 0, then z2 + z–2 is equal to
+ i [sin (a – b ) + sin (b – g ) + sin (g – a)]
(A) 2cos2q (B) 2sin2q (C) 2 cosq (D) 2 sinq
= –1 = – 1 + 0 i
Solution: (A)
Comparing real part on both sides, we get
We have,
cos (a – b ) + cos (b – g ) + cos (g – a) = –1 z2 – 2zcosq + 1 = 0
30. If n is a positive integer, then ( 3 + i)n + ( 3 – i)n is 2 cos q ± 4 cos 2 q − 4
equal to ⇒ z= = cos q ± cos 2 q − 1
np np 2
(A) 2n cos (B) 2n + 1 cos
6 6 = cos q ± − sin 2 q = cos q ± i 2 sin 2 q
n–1 np
(C) 2 cos (D) None of these = cosq ± isinq.
6
Solution: (B) When z = cosq + isinq

Let 3 = r cos q and 1 = r sin q z2 + z–2= cos2q + isin2q + (cos2q – isin2q)

so that = 2cos2q
1 p and when z = cosq – isinq,
r2 = 4 and tan q = ⇒ r = 2, q =
3 6 z + z = cos2q – isin2q + cos2q + isin2q
2 –2
n
⎛ p p⎞ = 2cos2q
\ ( 3 + i)n = 2n ⎜ cos + i sin ⎟
⎝ 6 6⎠
⎧ ⎛ np ⎞ ⎛ np ⎞ ⎫ ROOTS OF A COMPLEX NUMBER
or ( 3 + i)n = 2n ⎨cos ⎜ ⎟ + i sin ⎜ ⎟ ⎬ (1)
⎩ ⎝ 6⎠ ⎝ 6 ⎠⎭
If z = r (cos q + i sinq ) and n is a positive integer, then
Similarly,
1 1
⎧ ⎛ np ⎞ ⎛ np ⎞ ⎫ ⎡ ⎛ 2k p + q ⎞ ⎛ 2k p + q ⎞ ⎤
( 3 – i)n = 2n ⎨cos ⎜ ⎟ − i sin ⎜ ⎟ ⎬ z n = r n ⎢cos ⎜ ⎟⎠ + i sin ⎜⎝ ,
n ⎟⎠ ⎥⎦
(2)
⎩ ⎝ 6⎠ ⎝ 6 ⎠⎭ ⎣ ⎝ n
Adding Eq. (1) and (2), we obtain where k = 0, 1, 2, 3, … (n – 1).
⎛ np ⎞
( 3 + i)n + ( 3 – i)n = 2 ⋅ 2n cos ⎜ ⎟ Cube Roots of Unity
⎝ 6 ⎠
⎛ np ⎞ Let z = 11/3 or z3 – 1 = 0
n+1
=2 cos ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 6⎠ ⇒ (z – 1) (z2 + z + 1) = 0
 Complex Numbers 3.13

−1 + i 3 −1 − i 3 5. x2 – xy + y2 = (x + yw) (x + yw2), in particular, x2 – x +

i.e., z = 1, , 1 = (x + w) (x + w2)
2 2
6. x2 + y2 + z2 – xy – xz – yz = (x + yw + zw2) (x + yw2 + zw)
−1 + i 3 7. x3 + y3 + z3 – 3xyz = (x + y + z) (x + w y + w2z) (x + w2y
Put w= ,
2 + w z)
−1 − i 3
then w2 = .
2 SOLVED EXAMPLES
Thus cube roots of unity are 1, w, w . 2

33. If 1, w, w2 be the three cube roots of unity, then (1 + w)

Properties of Cube Roots of Unity (1 + w2) (1 + w4) (1 + w8) … to 2n factors =
1. 1 + w + w2 = 0 (A) 1 (B) –1
2. w3 = 1 (C) 0 (D) None of these
3. w3n = 1, w3n + 1 = w, w3n + 2 = w2 2p i Solution: (A)
4. w = w and ( w ) = w, w w = w , w = e 3 ,
2 2 3
We have,
2p i
−
w2 = e 3 (1 + w) (1 + w2) (1 + w4) (1 + w8) … to 2n factors
5. If a + bw + cw2 = 0, then a = b = c provided a, b, c are = (1 + w) (1 + w2) (1 + w3 ⋅ w) (1 + w6 ⋅ w2) ... to 2n
real. factors
6. If these roots are marked on the argand plane, then
these are vertices of an equilateral triangle with = (1 + w) (1 + w2) (1 + w) (1 + w2) … to 2n factors
circumcentre at origin, as shown in the Fig. 3.1. (∵ w3 = w6 = … = 1)
Imaginary = [(1 + w) (1 + w) … to n factors]
axis
–1 , 3
[(1 + w2) (1 + w2) … to n factors]
2 2 = (1 + w)n (1 + w2)n = [(1 + w) (1 + w2)]n
= (1 + w + w2 + w3)n = (0 + 1)n = 1
2π
3 (∵ 1 + w + w2 = 0, w3 = 1).
Real axis
O 2π (1, 0)
3 34. If 1, w, w2 are the three cube roots of unity, then (1 – w
+ w2) (1 – w2 + w4) (1 – w4 + w8) … to 2n factors =
–1 , 3 (A) 2n (B) 22n
4n
2 2 (C) 2 (D) None of these
Fig. 3.1 Solution: (B)
We have,
Fourth Roots of Unity
(1 – w + w2) (1 – w2 + w4) (1 – w4 + w8)
The four, fourth roots of unity are given by the solution set
of the equation x4 – 1 = 0 (1 – w8 + w16) … to 2n factors
⇒ (x2 – 1) (x2 + 1) = 0 ⇒ x = ± 1, ± i = (1 – w + w2) (1 – w2 + w) (1 – w + w2)
Fourth roots of unity are vertices of a square which lies on (1 – w2 + w) … to 2n factors.
coordinate axes.
[∵ w4 = w, w8 = w2, w16 = w and so on]
Some Useful Relations
1. x2 + y2 = (x + iy) (x – iy) = (– 2w) (– 2w2) (– 2w) (– 2w2) … to 2n factors
2. x3 + y3 = (x + y) (x + yw) (x + yw 2) = (22 w3) (22 w3) … to n factors
3. x3 – y3 = (x – y) (x – yw) (x – yw 2)
4. x2 + xy + y2 = (x – yw) (x – yw 2), in particular, x2 + x + [∵ (– 2w) (– 2w2) = 22 w3 = 22]
1 = (x – w) (x – w 2) = (22)n = 22n.
3.14 Chapter 3

Solution: (B)
35. − 1 − − 1 − − 1 − ... to ∞ =
We have, (x – 1)3 + 8 = 0
(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) w (D) w 2
⇒ (x – 1)3 = – 8
Solution: (C, D) \ x – 1 = (– 8)1/3 = – 2, – 2w, – 2w2
Let x= − 1 − − 1 − − 1 − ... to ∞ Hence, x = –1, 1 – 2w, 1 – 2w2

Then x= −1 − x or x2 = – 1 – x 39. (i + 3 )100 + (i – 3 )100 + 2100 =

or x2 + x + 1 = 0 (A) 1 (B) – 1
(C) 0 (D) None of these
− 1 ± 1 − 4 ⋅1⋅1 −1 ± − 3
\ x= = Solution: (C)
2 ⋅1 2
−1 + 3 i 2 2w
− 1 ± 3i We have, i+ 3 = ⋅ =
= = w or w2. 2 i i
2
−1 − 3 i 2 2w 2
6 6 and i– 3 = ⋅ =
⎛ 3 + i⎞ ⎛ i − 3⎞ 2 i i
36. ⎜ ⎟ +⎜ ⎟ =
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ \ (i + 3 )100 + (i – 3 )100 + 2100
(A) –2 (B) 2 (C) –1 (D) 1 100
⎛ 2w 2 ⎞
100
⎛ 2w ⎞
= ⎜ +⎜ + 2100
Solution: (A) ⎝ i ⎟⎠ ⎝ i ⎠
⎟
We have,
2100
2 ⎛ −1 + 3 i ⎞ = (w100 + w200) + 2100
3+i i 3+i i100
= =–i ⎜ ⎟ = –iw
2 2i ⎝ 2 ⎠ = 2100 (w + w2) + 2100
i− 3 i2 − i 3 ⎛ −1 − 3 i ⎞
and = =–i ⎜ ⎟ = –iw
2 = –2100 + 2100 = 0.
2 2i ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛ 3 + i⎞
6
⎛ i − 3⎞
6 nth Roots of Unity
⎜ 2 ⎟ + ⎜ 2 ⎟ = (–iw) + (–iw )
6 2 6
Hence, Since 1 = cos 0 + i sin 0, therefore,
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
(1)1/n = (cos 0 + i sin 0)1/n
= i6(w6 + w12)
2p r + 0 2p r + 0
= –1 (1 + 1) = –2. = cos + i sin ; r = 0, 1, 2, …, (n – 1)
n n
37. The common roots of the equations z3 + 2 z2 + 2 z + 1 = 0 2p r 2p r
and z1985 + z100 + 1 = 0 are = cos + i sin ; r = 0, 1, 2, …, (n – 1)
n n
(A) –1, w (B) –1, w2 2 rp
i
(C) w, w 2
(D) None of these =e n ; r = 0, 1, 2, …, (n – 1)
(i2p/n)
Solution: (C) = 1, e , e(i4p/n), …, e[i2(n – 1)p/n]
3 2
We have, z +2z +2z+1=0
= 1, a, a2, a3, …, a n – 1,
⇒ (z + 1) (z2 + z + 1) = 0
where a = e(i2p/n)
Its roots are – 1, w and w . The root z = – 1 does not
2

satisfy the equation z1985 + z100 + 1 = 0 but z = w and Properties of nth Roots of Unity
z = w2 satisfy it. Hence, w and w2 are the common 1. 1 + a + a2 + … + a n – 1 = 0
roots. 2. 1 ⋅ a ⋅ a2 ⋅ … a n–1 = (–1)n–1
38. If the cube roots of unity are 1, w, w2, then the roots of 3. The n, nth roots of unity lie on the unit circle |z| = 1 and
the equation (x – 1)3 + 8 = 0 are form the vertices of a regular polygon of n sides.
(A) –1, 1 + 2w, 1 + 2w2 (B) –1, 1 – 2w, 1 – 2w2 4. nth roots of unity form a G.P. with common ratio
(C) –1, –1, –1 (D) None of these e(i2p/n).
 Complex Numbers 3.15

2. Section Formula: If R(z) divides the line segment

SOLVED EXAMPLES joining P(z1) and Q(z2) in the ratio m1 : m2(m1, m2 > 0)
then
40. If r is non-real and r = 5 1, then the value of m z + m2z1
(i) For internal division, z = 1 2
(1 + r + r 2 + r −2 − r −1 is equal to ) m1 + m 2
(A) 2 (B) 4 m1z 2 − m 2 z 1
(ii) For external division, z =
(C) 8 (D) None of these m1 − m 2
3. Equation of the Perpendicular Bisector: If P(z1) and
Solution: (B)
Q(z2) are two fixed points and R(z) is moving point
|1 + r + r2 + r–2 – r–1| = |1 + r + r2 + r3 – r4| (see Fig. 3.3) such that it is always at equal distance
from P(z1) and Q(z2) then locus of R(z) is perpendicu-
[∵ r5 = 1 ⇒ r3 ⋅ r2 = 1 or r–2 = r3 lar bisector of PQ
and r4 ⋅ r = 1 or r–1 = r4] i.e., PR = QR or |z – z1| = |z – z2|
= |1 + r + r2 + r3 + r4 – 2r4| ⇒ |z – z1|2 = |z – z2|2
1 − r5 P(z1)
− 2r 4 = 0 − 2r 4 (∵ r5 = 1)
1− r
= 2|r|4 = 2(1) = 2 (∵ |r| = 1 as r5 = 1)
R(z)
2|1+ r + r + r −2 − r −1 |
2

\ = 22 = 4
41. The values of (16)1/4 are
(A) ±2, ±2 i (B) ±4, ±4 i Q(z2)
(C) ±1, ±i (D) None of these
Fig. 3.3
Solution: (A) After solving,
We have
z ( z1 − z2 ) + z ( z1 − z2 ) = |z1|2 – |z2|2
1/4 4 1/4 1/4
(16) = (2 ) = 2 (1)
4. Equation of a Straight Line
= 2 (cos 0 + i sin 0)1/4 (i) Parametric form: Equation of a straight line join-
⎧ 1 1 ⎫ ing the points having affixes z1 and z2 is z = t z1 +
= 2 ⎨cos (2 k p + 0) + i sin (2 k p + 0) ⎬ ,
⎩ 4 4 ⎭ (1 – t)z2, where t ∈ R
k = 0, 1, 2, 3 (ii) Non-parametric form: Equation of a straight
line joining the points having affixes z1 and z2 is
= 2 × 1, 2 × i, 2 × –1, 2 × –i = ±2, ±2i
z z 1
z1 z1 1 = 0
GEOMETRY OF COMPLEX NUMBERS
z2 z2 1
1. Distance Formula: The distance between two points
⇒ z ( z 1 − z 2 ) − z ( z 1 − z 2 ) + z 1z 2 − z 2 z 1 = 0
P(z1) and Q(z2) is given by PQ = |z2 – z1| = |affix of
Q – affix of P| (see Fig. 3.2)
TRICK(S) FOR PROBLEM SOLVING
Q(z2)
 Three points z1, z2 and z3 are collinear if,
z1 z1 1
z2 z2 1 = 0
z3 z3 1
 If three points A(z1), B(z2), C(z3) are collinear then slope
P(z1) of AB = slope of BC = slope of AC
z1 − z2 z2 − z3 z1 − z3
Fig. 3.2 ⇒ = =
z1 − z2 z2 − z3 z1 − z3
3.16 Chapter 3

(iii) General equation of a straight line: The general

TRICK(S) FOR PROBLEM SOLVING
equation of a straight line is of the form az + az
+ b, where a is complex number and b is real If z is a variable point and z1, z2 are two fixed points in the
number. argand plane, then
(iv) Slope of a line: The complex slope of the line 1. |z – z1| = |z – z2| ⇒ Locus of z is the perpendicular
a coeff. of z bisector of the line segment joining z1 and z2.
az + az + b = 0 is – =– and real
a coeff. of z 2. |z – z1| + |z – z2| = constant (≠ |z1 – z2|)
Re(a) ⇒ Locus of z is an ellipse
slope of the line az + az + b is – = –i
Im(a) 3. |z – z1| + |z – z2| = |z1 – z2|
(a + a )
. ⇒ Locus of z is the line segment joining z1 and z2
(a − a ) 4. |z – z1| – |z – z2| = |z – z2|
(v) Length of perpendicular: The length of perpen- ⇒ Locus of z is a straight line joining z1 and z2 but z
dicular from a point z1 to the line az + az + b = 0 does not lie between z1 and z2.
az 1 + az 1 + b az 1 + az 1 + b 5. |z – z1| – |z – z2| = constant (≠ |z1 – z2|)
is given by or . ⇒ Locus of z is a hyperbola.
a+a 2a
6. |z – z1|2 + |z – z2|2 = |z1 – z2|2 ⇒ Locus of z is a
5. Equation of a circle circle with z1 and z2 as the extremities of diameter.
(i) The equation of a circle whose centre is at point 7. |z – z1| = k |z – z2|, (k ≠ 1) ⇒ Locus of z is a circle.
having affix z0 and radius r is |z – z0 | = r.
⎛ z − z1 ⎞
(ii) If the centre of the circle is at origin and radius r, 8. arg ⎜ = a (fixed) ⇒ Locus of z is a segment of
then its equation is |z| = r (see Fig. 3.4). ⎝ z − z2 ⎟⎠
circle.
P(z) ⎛ z − z1 ⎞ p
9. arg ⎜ = ± ⇒ Locus of z is a circle with z1 and
r ⎝ z − z2 ⎟⎠ 2
z2 as the vertices of diameter.
C(z0) ⎛ z − z1 ⎞
10. arg ⎜ = 0 or p ⇒ Locus of z is a straight line
⎝ z − z2 ⎟⎠
passing through z1 and z2.
Fig. 3.4

(iii) |z – z0 | < r represents interior of a circle |z – z0| = r

whereas |z – z0| > r represents exterior of the circle TIME SAVING TIPS
|z – z0| = r.
   ||z1| – |z2|| ≤ |z1 + z2| ≤ |z1| + |z2|
A C = AB eiq or (z3 – z1) = (z2 – z1)eiq Thus |z1| + |z2| is the greatest possible value of |z1 + z2|
z3 − z1 and ||z1| – |z2|| is the least possible value of |z1 + z2|.
or = eiq
z2 − z1  If z +
1
= a, the greatest and least values of |z| are
z
(iv) If A, B and C are three points in argand plane such
that AC = AB and ∠CAB = q then use the rota- a + a2 + 4 − a + a2 + 4
respectively and .
tion about A to find eiq, but if AC ≠ AB use coni 2 2
method.  The area of the triangle whose vertices are z, iz and z + iz
1
(v) If four points z1, z2, z3 and z4 are con-cyclic then is |z|2.
2
(z 4 − z 1 ) (z 2 − z 3 )  The area of the triangle with vertices z, wz and z + wz is
= real
(z 4 − z 2 ) (z 1 − z 3 ) 3
|z|2.
4
⎛ (z − z 3 ) (z 4 − z 1 ) ⎞ If z1, z2, z3 be the vertices of an equilateral triangle and z0
or arg ⎜ 2 = ±p, 0 

⎝ ( z 1 − z 3 ) ( z 4 − z 2 ) ⎟⎠ be the circumcentre, then z12 + z22 + z32 = 3z02 .

 If z1, z2, z3 be the vertices of a triangle, then the triangle is
equilateral iff (z1 – z2)2 + (z2 – z3)2 + (z3 – z1)2 = 0
 Complex Numbers 3.17

z1 z
or z12 + z22 + z32 = z1z2 + z2z3 + z3z1 = (1 + 0 + i – 1 + 0) = 1 i
3 3
1
+
1
+
1
=0 z1 ⎛ p p⎞
or = cos + i sin ⎟
z1 − z2 z2 − z3 z3 − z1 3 ⎜⎝ 2 2⎠
 The equation |z – z|2 + |z – z2|2 = k (where k is a real
43. If z1 and z2 (≠ 0) are two complex numbers such that
1
number) will represent a circle with centre at (z1 + z2) z1 − z2
2 = 1, then
1 1 z1 + z2
and radius 2k − | z1 − z2 |2 provided k ≥ |z – z |2.
2 2 1 2 (A) z2 = ikz1, k ∈ R (B) z2 = kz1, k ∈ R
 The one and only one case in which |z1| + |z2| + … + (C) z2 = z1 (D) None of these
|zn| = |z1 + z2 + … + zn| is that the numbers z1, z2, … zn
have the same amplitude. Solution: (A)
 If three points z1, z2, z3 are connected by relation az1 + We have,
bz2 + cz3 = 0 where a + b + c = 0, then the three points z1 − z 2 z /z − 1
are collinear. =1⇒ 1 2 =1
z1 + z 2 z 1/z 2 + 1
 If z is a complex number, then ez is periodic.
 If three complex numbers are in A.P., then they lie on a z1 z
straight line in the complex plane. ⇒ −1 = 1 +1
z2 z2
z1
⇒ lies on the perpendicular bisector of the
z2
SOLVED EXAMPLES segment joining A (–1 + 0i) and B (1 + 0i).
z1
42. The centre of a square ABCD is at z = 0. If A is z1, then \ = ai for some a ∈ R
z2
the centroid of triangle ABC is
z2 1 −i
z ⎛ p p⎞ ⇒ = =
(A) 1 ⎜ cos + i sin ⎟ z1 ai a
3 ⎝ 2 2⎠
\ z2 = i kz1 for some k ∈ R
z
(B) 1 (cos p + i sin p) 44. If z = x + iy and ‘a’ is a real number such that |z – ai| =
3
⎛ p p⎞ |z + ai|, then locus of z is
(C) z1 ⎜ cos + i sin ⎟
⎝ 2 2⎠ (A) x-axis (B) y-axis
(C) x = y (B) x2 + y2 = 1
(D) None of these
Solution: (A)
Solution: (A)
p
Since A is z1 and ∠AOB = We have, |z – ai| = |z + ai|
2
⎛ p p ⎞ ⇒ |x + i (y – a)|2 = |x + i (y + a)|2
\ B is z1 cos + i sin
⎜⎝ 2 2 ⎟⎠ ⇒ x2 + (y – a)2 = x2 + (y + a)2
⇒ 4ay = 0; y = 0, which is x-axis.
B B(z1)
45. The locus represented by |z – 1| = |z + i| is
(A) a circle of radius 1
O (0, 0) (B) an ellipse with foci at 1 and –i
(C) a line through the origin
(D) a circle on the join of 1 and –i as diameter
C D
Solution: (C)
Also, c is z1(cos p + i sin p) We have, |z – 1| = |z + i|
\ Centroid of DABC is
⇒ |(x – 1) + iy| = |x + i (y + 1)|
z1 ⎛ p p ⎞
1 + cos + i sin + cos p + i sin p ⎟ ⇒ (x – 1)2 + y2 = x2 + (y + 1)2
3 ⎜⎝ 2 2 ⎠
⇒ x + y = 0, which is a line through the origin.
3.18 Chapter 3

46. The centre of a regular polygon of n sides is located at 48. The equation |z – 1|2 + |z + 1|2 = 4 represents on the
the point z = 0, and one of its vertex z1 is known. If z2 Argand plane
be the vertex adjacent to z1, then z2 is equal to (A) a straight line
⎛ 2p 2p ⎞ (B) an ellipse
(A) z1 ⎜ cos ± i sin ⎟ (C) a circle with centre origin and radius 2
⎝ n n⎠
(D) a circle with centre origin and radius unity
⎛ p p⎞
(B) z1 ⎜ cos ± i sin ⎟ Solution: (D)
⎝ n n⎠
We have, |z – 1|2 + |z + 1|2 = 4 (1)
⎛ p p⎞
(C) z1 ⎜ cos ± i sin ⎟ 2 2 2 2
⎝ 2n 2n ⎠ ⇒ (x – 1) + y + (x + 1) + y = 4
(D) None of these (Putting z = x + iy)

Solution: (A) ⇒ 2 (x2 + y2 + 1) = 4

Let A be the vertex with affix z1. There are two possi- \ x2 + y2 = 1 or |z|2 = 1
2p
bilities and can be obtained by rotating z1 through ⇒ |z| = 1 (since |z| cannot be –ve)
either in clockwise or in anti-clockwise direction. n
Thus, the Eq. (1) represents all points z on the circle
12p
± with centre origin and radius unity.
z2 = z1e n (∵ |z2| = |z1|)
49. The locus of the point z satisfying the condition
O
z −1 p
arg = is
z +1 3
(A) a straight line (B) circle
(C) a parabola (D) None of these

C(z2) B(z2) Solution: (B)

A(z1)
z −1 p
We have, arg =
47. The locus of the complex number z in the Argand z +1 3
1− iz x + iy − 1 p
plane if = 1, is ⇒ arg = (Putting z = x + iy)
z −i x + iy + 1 3
(A) a circle (B) x-axis y y p
⇒ tan −1 − tan −1 =
(C) y-axis (D) None of these x −1 x +1 3
Solution: (B) ⎛ z1 ⎞
Let z = x + iy ⎜⎝∵ Arg z = Arg z1 − Arg z2 ⎟⎠
2
1− iz y y
Given, =1 −
z −i ⇒ tan −1 x −1 x +1 = p
1− i ( x + iy ) y2 3
⇒ =1 1+ 2
x + iy − i x −1
2y p
1 + y − ix ⇒ = tan = 3
⇒ =1 2 2
x + y −1 3
x + i ( y − 1)
2
(1 + y )2 + x 2 ⇒ x2 + y2 – y – 1 = 0, which is a circle.
⇒ =1 3
x 2 + ( y − 1)2 ⎛ z −i ⎞
n
50. If w = ⎜ , n integral, then w lies on the unit
⇒ (1 + y)2 + x2 = x2 + (y – 1)2 ⎝ 1 + iz ⎟⎠
⇒ 1 + y2 + 2 y + x2 = x2 + y2 – 2 y + 1 circle for
⇒ 4y=0 (A) only even n (B) only odd n
(C) only positive n (D) all n
⇒ y = 0, which is the equation of x-axis.
 Complex Numbers 3.19

Solution: (D) 54. Let z1 and z2 be two non real complex cube roots of
n
⎛ z −i ⎞
n unity and |z – z1|2 + |z – z2|2 = l be the equation of a
⎛ z −i ⎞
We have, w= ⎜ = ⎜
⎝ 1 + iz ⎟⎠
circle with z1, z2 as ends of a diameter, then the value
⎝ i ( z − i ) ⎟⎠
of l is
n
⎛ 1⎞ (A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 2
= ⎜ ⎟ = (–i)n
⎝ i⎠
Solution: (B)
\ |w | = |(–i)n| = |–i|n = 1 for all n. We have,
\ w lies on unit circle for all n. |z – w |2 + |z – w2|2 = l
51. The equation z z + a z + a z + b = 0, b ∈ R represents ⇒ l = |w – w2|2 = |w2 + w4 – 2w3|
a circle (not point circle) if = |w2 + w – 2| = |– 1 – 2| = 3
(A) |a|2 > b (B) |a|2 < b
(C) |a| > b (D) |a| < b 55. The region in the Argand diagram defined by |z – 3| +
|z + 3| < 6 is the interior of the ellipse with major axis
Solution: (A) along
We have, z z + az + a z + b = 0 (A) real axis (B) imaginary axis
⇒ zz + az + a z + a a = aa – b (C) y = x (D) y = – x
⇒ (z + a) ( z + a ) = a a – b Solution: (A)
⇒ 2
|z + a| = |a| – b2
The equation |z – (3 + 0i)| + |z – (–3 + 0i)| < 6 rep-
resents the interior of ellipse with foci at (3, 0) and
This represents a circle (not point circle) if |a|2 > b.
(–3, 0). So, major axis is along real axis.
52. If z4 = (z – 1)4, then the roots are represented in the
56. If the area of the triangle on the argand plane formed
argand plane by the points that are
by the complex numbers –z, iz, z – iz is 600 square
(A) collinear units, then |z| is equal to
(B) concyclic
(A) 10 (B) 20
(C) vertices of a parallelogram
(C) 30 (D) None of these
(D) None of these
Solution: (B)
Solution: (A)
Area of the triangle on the argand plane formed by the
We have, z4 = (z – 1)4
2 np i
3 2
complex numbers – z, iz, z – iz is |z| .
⎛ z − 1⎞ 1/4 2
⇒ ⎜⎝ z ⎟⎠ = 1 = e
4 , n = 0, 1, 2, 3 3 2
\ |z| = 600 ⇒ |z| = 20
Since for all these values of z, 2
z −1 57. If |z + z | + |z – z | = 8, then z lies on
= 1 so they lie on the line bisecting perpendic-
z (A) a circle
ularly the join of z = 1 and z = 0. (B) a straight line
(C) a square
53. The equation z2 + z 2 – 2|z|2 + z + z = 0 represents a (D) None of these
(A) straight line (B) circle Solution: (C)
(C) hyperbola (D) parabola
We have, |z + z | + |z – z | = 8
Solution: (D)
⇒ 2|x| + 2|y| = 8 or |x| + |y| = 4
We have, z2 + z 2
– 2|z|2 + z + z = 0
⎛ z + 2i ⎞
⇒ (x + iy)2 + (x – iy)2 – 2(x2 + y2) + x + iy + x – iy = 0 58. If Im ⎜ = 0, then z lies on the curve
⎝ z + 2 ⎟⎠
(Putting z = x + iy)
⇒ 2x2 + 2 (iy)2 – 2x2 – 2y2 + 2x = 0 (A) x2 + y2 + 2x + 2y = 0
(B) x2 + y2 – 2x = 0
1
⇒ – 4 y2 + 2x = 0 or y2 = x, (C) x+y+2=0
2 (D) None of these
which is a parabola.
3.20 Chapter 3

Solution: (C) ⎛ 1 i 3⎞
Let z = x + iy and |1 – w2| = 1 − ⎜ − −
⎝ 2 2 ⎟⎠
z + 2i x + iy + 2i x + ( y + 2) i
Then, = =
z+2 x + iy + 2 ( x + 2) + iy 3 i 3
= + = 3.
[ x + ( y + 2) i ] [( x + 2) − iy ] 2 2
=
( x + 2) 2 + y 2 Therefore, 1, w, w2 form an equilateral triangle.
( x 2 + y 2 + 2 x + 2 y ) + i ( 2 x + 2 y + 4) 60. If |z – 1| + |z + 3| ≤ 8, then the range of values of |z – 4|
=
( x + 2) + y 2 2 is
⎛ z + 2i ⎞ (A) (0, 8) (B) [0, 8]
Since Im ⎜ =0⇒x+y+2=0
⎝ z + 2 ⎟⎠ (C) [1, 9] (D) [5, 9]
which represents a straight line. Solution: (C)
59. The cube roots of unity Given |z – 1| + |z + 3| ≤ 8
(A) lie on the circle |z| = 1 \ z lies inside or on the ellipse whose foci are (1, 0)
(B) are collinear and (– 3, 0) and vertices are (– 5, 0) and (3, 0).
(C) form an equilateral triangle Y
(D) None of these
Solution: (A, C)
(4, 0)
Clearly, cube roots of unity 1, w, w2 satisfy |z| = 1. X
(–5, 0) (–3, 0) O (1, 0) (3, 0)
2
⎛ 3⎞ ⎛ 3 ⎞
2
Also, |1 – w |2 = ⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟ = 3
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠

⇒ |1 – w | = 3 Now, |z – 4| is distance of z from (4, 0). Minimum

distance is 1 and maximum is 9.
|w – w2| = | 3 i| = 3

EXERCISES

Single Option Correct Type

1. If a, b, c, p, q, r are three complex numbers such that 4. The number of solutions of the equation z2 + |z|2 = 0,
p q r a b c where z ∈ C is
+ + = 1 + i and + + = 0, then the value
a b c p q r (A) one (B) two
p2 q2 r 2 (C) three (D) infinitely many
of 2 + 2 + 2 is
a b c 5. If w is the nth root of unity, then
(A) 2i (B) i (1 + w + w2 + … + wn –1) is
(C) –2i (D) None of these
(A) 2 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) –1
2. The complex numbers sin x + i cos 2x and cos x –
i sin 2x are conjugate to each other, for 6. The complex number which satisfies the equation
(A) x = np (B) x = 0 z+ 2 |z + 1| + i = 0 is
⎛ 1⎞ (A) 2 – i (B) –2 – i
(C) x = ⎜ n + ⎟ p (D) no value of x
⎝ 2⎠ (C) 2 + i (D) –2 + i
3. If z1 and z2 are two non-zero complex numbers such 7. z1, z2 are two non-real complex numbers such that
that |z1 + z2| = |z1| + |z2|, then arg z1 – arg z2 is equal to z1 z 2
p p + = 1. Then z1, z2 and the origin
(A) – p (B) – (C) p (D) z 2 z1
2 2
 Complex Numbers 3.21

(A) are collinear 16. |z1 + z2| = |z1| + |z2| is possible if

(B) form right angled triangle 1
(C) form right angle isosceles triangle (A) z2 = z1 (B) z2 =
z1
(D) form an equilateral triangle (C) arg z1 = arg z2 (D) |z1| = |z2|
⎡ a − ib ⎤ 17. If z = x + iy, x, y real, then |x| + |y| ≤ k |z|, where k is
8. tan ⎢i log is equal to
⎣ a + ib ⎥⎦ equal to
2ab a2 − b 2 (A) 1 (B) 2
(A) 2 (B)
a + b2 2ab (C) 3 (D) None of these
2ab 18. If (1 + i) (1 + 2i) (1 + 3i) … (1 + ni) = a + ib then 2 × 5
(C) (D) ab
2
a −b 2 × 10 … (1 + n2) =
(A) a – ib (B) a2 – b2
9. If ( 3 + i)100 = 299 (a + ib), then b = (C) a + b
2 2
(D) None of these
(A) 3 (B) 2
19. Let z1 = a + ib, z2 = p + iq be two unimodular complex
(C) 1 (D) None of these
numbers such that Im ( z 1z 2 ) = 1.
10. The real value of a for which the expression If w1 = a + ip, w2 = b + iq, then
1 − i sin a
is purely real is (A) Re (w1 w2) = 1 (B) Im (w1 w2) = 1
1 + 2i sin a
p p (C) Re (w1 w2) = 0 (D) Im (w1 w 2 ) = 1
(A) (2n + 1) (B) (n + 1)
2 2 3 a b
20. If a + ib = x + iy, then + =
(C) np (D) None of these x y
11. The locus of z which satisfies the inequality (A) 4 (x2 + y2) (B) 4 (x2 – y2)
(C) 2 (x2 – y2) (D) None of these
log0.3 |z – 1| > log0.3 |z – i| is given by,
(A) x + y > 0 (B) x – y < 0 21. If z = a + ib where a > 0, b > 0, then
(C) x + y < 0 (D) x – y > 0 1 1
(A) |z| ≥ (a – b) (B) |z| ≥ (a + b)
2 2
12. If centre of a regular hexagon is at origin and one
of the vertices on argand diagram is 1 + 2i then its 1
(C) |z| < (a + b) (D) None of these
perimeter is 2
(A) 2 5 (B) 6 2 (C) 4 5 (D) 6 5 z −z
22. The complex numbers z1, z2 and z3 satisfying 1 3 =
z2 − z3
13. If z1, z2, z3 are three complex numbers, then z1 Im 1 − 3i
( z2 z3 ) + z2 Im ( z 3 z 1 ) + z3 Im ( z 1z 2 ) is equal to are the vertices of a triangle which is
2
(A) 1 (B) –1 (A) of area zero (B) right angled isosceles
(C) 0 (D) None of these (C) equilateral (D) obtuse angled isosceles
4
2z 1 z − z2 23. If (1 + x + x2)n = a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + … + a2n x2n, then
14. If is purely imaginary number, then 1
3z 2 z1 + z 2 a0 + a3 + a6 + … =
is equal to (A) 3n (B) 3n – 1
n–2
3 2 4 (C) 3 (D) None of these
(A) (B) 1 (C) (D)
2 3 9 24. If 1, a1, a2, …, an – 1 are the n nth roots of unity, then
6 5
15. If x = (4 – 3i) , then the product of all of its roots is (1 – a1) (1 – a2) (1 – a3) … (1 – an – 1) =
(where q = – tan–1 (3/4)) (A) n + 1 (B) n
(A) 55 (cos 5q + i sin 5q) (C) n – 1 (D) None of these
(B) –55 (cos 5q + i sin 5q) 25. The closest distance of the origin from a curve given
(C) 55 (cos 5q – i sin 5q) as = 0 (a is a complex number) is
(D) –55 (cos 5q – i sin 5q) |a| Re a Im a
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D)
2 |a| |a|
3.22 Chapter 3

26. |z – 1| + |z + 3 | ≤ 8, then the range of values of |z – 4| is 35. The equation z3 + iz – 1 = 0 has

(A) (0, 8) (B) [0, 8] (C) [1, 9] (D) [5, 9] (A) three real roots
(B) one real root
27. The roots of the equation z4 + 1 = 0 are
(C) no real roots
(A) (± 1 ± i) (B) (± 2 ± 2i) (D) no real or complex roots
1
(C) (± 1 ± i) (D) None of these 36. If all the roots of z3 + az2 + bz + c = 0 are of unit
2
modulus, then
28. The integral solution of the equation (1 – i)n = 2n is (A) |a| ≤ 3 (B) |b| > 3
(A) n = 0 (B) n = 1 (C) |c| ≤ 3 (D) None of these
(C) n = – 1 (D) None of these
37. Let z1 and z2 be two complex numbers such that
29. The greatest value of the moduli of complex numbres z1 z2
+ = 1, then
4 z2 z1
z satisfying the equation z− = 2 is
z (A) z1, z2 are collinear
(B) z1, z2 and the origin from a right angled triangle
(A) 5 (B) 5 – 1 (C) z1, z2 and the origin form an equilateral triangle
(C) 5 +1 (D) None of these (D) None of these
30. The locus of the complex number z in an argand plane 38. If S (n) = i n + i –n, where i = −1 and n is a positive
satisfying the equation
p integer, then the total number of distinct values of S (n)
Arg (z + i) – Arg (z – i) = is is
2 (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
(A) boundary of a circle (B) interior of a circle
(C) exterior of a circle (D) None of these 1 1
39. If z1 ≠ –z2 and |z1 + z2| = + , then
z 2 z1 z 2
31. is always real, then
z −1 (A) at least one of z1, z2 is unimodular
(A) z lies only on a circle (B) z1 × z2 is unimodular
(B) z lies only on the real axis (C) both z1, z2 are unimodular
(C) z lies either on the real axis or on a circle (D) None of these
(D) None of these
z − 2z 2 40. If z = x + iy satisfies amp (z – 1) = amp (z + 3i) then the
32. z1 and z2 are two complex numbers such that 1 value of (x – 1) : y is equal to
2 − z 1z 2
(A) 2 : 1 (B) – 1 : 3
is unimodular whereas z2 is not unimodular. Then |z1| =
(C) 1 : 3 (D) None of these
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
41. If z1, z2, z3, z4 are the four complex numbers repre-
33. If for the complex numbers z1 and z2, |z1 + z2| = |z1 – z2|, sented by the vertices of a quadrilateral taken in order
then amp z1 ~ amp z2 = z −z p
p such that z1 – z4 = z2 – z3 and amp 4 1 = then
(A) p (B) z2 − z1 2
2 the quadrilateral is a
p
(C) (D) None of these (A) square
4
(B) rhombus
34. The locus of the complex number z in an argand plane (C) rectangle
satisfying the inequality (D) a cyclic quadrilateral
⎛ | z − 1| + 4 ⎞ ⎛ 2⎞ 42. Let z be a complex number with modulus 2 and argu-
log1/ 2 ⎜ >1 ⎜⎝ where | z − 1| ≠ 3 ⎟⎠ is
⎝ 3 | z − 1| − 2 ⎟⎠ 2p
ment , then z is equal to
(A) a circle 3
(B) interior of a circle (A) –1 + i 3 (B) 1 – i 3
(C) exterior of a circle
(D) None of these 1 i 3
(C) − + (D) None of these
2 2
 Complex Numbers 3.23

⎛ | z |2 − | z | +1⎞ ⎛ 2k ⎞ ⎛ 2k ⎞
⎟ < 2, then the locus of z is (A) tan–1 ⎜ 2 ⎟ (B) tan–1 ⎜
43. If log 3⎜
⎝ 2 + |z | ⎠ ⎝ k + 1⎠ ⎝ 1 − k 2 ⎟⎠
(A) |z| < 5 (B) |z| = 5 (C) –2 tan–1(k) (D) 2 tan–1(k)
(C) |z| > 5 (D) None of these 24 2
⎛ 1⎞
⎛z
44. If |z| = 1, then the value of ⎜
− 1⎞
is
51. 1 + x2 = 3x , then ∑ ⎜⎝ x n − x n ⎟⎠ is equal to
+ 1⎟⎠
n =1
⎝z
(A) 48 (B) – 48
(A) 0 (B) purely real (C) ±48(w – w2) (D) 1 ± 48w
(C) purely imaginary (D) complex number
52. For all complex numbers z1, z2 satisfying |z1| = 12 and
45. If z1 and z2 are complex numbers, such that z1 + z2 is a |z2 – 3 – 4i| = 5, the minimum value of |z1 – z2| is
real number, then (A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 7 (D) 17
(A) z1 = – z2
(B) z2 = z 1 53. For any two complex numbers z1 and z2 with |z1| ≠ |z2|
2 2
(C) z1 and z2 are any two complex numbers 2 z 1 + i 3z 2 + 3z 1 + i 2 z 2 is
(D) z1 = z1 , z2 = z 2
(A) less than 5 |z1|2 + |z2|2
46. The locus of the points representing the complex num-
(B) greater than 10 |z1z2|
bers which satisfy |z| – 2 = 0, |z – i| – |z + 5i| = 0 is:
(C) equal to 2|z1|2 + 3 |z2|2
(A) a circle with centre at origin
(D) zero
(B) a straight line passing through origin
(C) the single point (0, –2) 54. If the complex numbers z1, z2, z3 are in AP, then they
(D) None of these lie on a
47. Let the affix of 2 – 4i be P. Then OP is rotated about (A) circle (B) parabola
O through an angle of 180° and is stretched 5/2 times. (C) line (D) ellipse
The complex number corresponding to the new posi- 55. If the roots of (z – 1)25 = 2w2(z + 1)25 where w is a
tion of P is complex cube root of unity are plotted in the argand
(A) 5 – 10i (B) 5 + 10i plane, they lie on
(C) –5 + 10i (D) None of these (A) a straight line (B) a circle
48. If P, P′ represent the complex number z1 and its addi- (C) an ellipse (D) None of these
tive inverse respectively then the complex equation of 56. Let A0A1A2A3A4A5 be a regular hexagon inscribed in a
the circle with PP′ as a diameter is circle of unit radius. Then the product of the lengths of
z ⎛z ⎞ the line segments A0A1, A0A2 and A0A4 is
(A) = ⎜ 1⎟ (B) zz + z 1z 1 = 0 3 3 3
z1 ⎝ z ⎠ (A) (B) 3 3 (C) 3 (D)
4 2
(C) zz1 + zz1 (D) None of these
57. If z1 and z2 are the two complex roots of equal magni-
49. If a, b, c, p, q, r are three non-zero complex numbers p
tude and their arguments differ by , of the quadratic
p q r a b c 2
such that + + = 1 + i and + + = 0, then
a b c p q r equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 (a ≠ 0) then a (in terms of b
p2 q2 r 2 and c) is
value of 2 + 2 + 2 is b2 b2
a b c (A) (B)
(A) 0 (B) –1 2c c
(C) 2i (D) –2i b
(C) (D) None of these
2c
z −z
50. If z1, z2 are two complex numbers such that 1 2 = 1 58. Common roots of the equations z3 + 2z2 + 2z + 1 = 0
z1 + z2
and z1985 + z100 + 1 = 0 are
and tz1 = kz2 where k ∈  , then the angle between
(A) w, w2 (B) 1, w, w2
(z1 – z2) and (z1 + z2) is
(C) –1, w, w 2
(D) –w, – w2
3.24 Chapter 3

⎡1 ⎤ 68. Two circles in complex plane are

59. sin–1 ⎢ ( z − 1) ⎥ , where z is non-real, can be the angle C1: |z – i| = 2
⎣i ⎦
of a triangle if C2: |z – 1 – 2i| = 4. Then
(A) Re (z) = 1, Im (z) = 2 (A) C1 and C2 touch each other.
(B) Re (z) = 1, –1 ≤ Im (z) ≤ 1 (B) C1 and C2 intersect at two distinct points.
(C) Re (z) + Im (z) = 0 (C) C1 lies within C2.
(D) Re (z) = Im (z) (D) C2 lies within C1.
5 2
⎛ 1⎞ 1
60. If x2 – x + 1 = 0 then the value of ∑ ⎜ x n + n ⎟ is 69. The conjugate of a complex number is . Then the
n =1
⎝ x ⎠ complex number is i − 1
(A) 8 (B) 10 −1 1 −1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(C) 12 (D) None of these i −1 i +1 i +1 i −1
1+ i
61. The triangle formed by the points 1, and i as 4
2 70. If z − = 2, then the maximum value of |z| is equal to
vertices in the Argand diagram is z
(A) scalene (B) equilateral (A) 3 +1 (B) 5 +1
(C) isosceles (D) right-angled
(C) 2 (D) 2 + 2
62. If the quadratic equation z2 + (a + ib)z + c + id = 0,
where a, b, c, d are non-zero real numbers, has a real 71. If z1z2 ∈ C, z 1 + z 2 ∈ R, z1(z 1 – 3z22) = 2 and z2(3z21
2 2 2

root, then – z22) = 11, then the value of z21 + z22 is

(A) d2 – abd – c2 = 0 (B) d2 – abd + b2c = 0 (A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
2 2
(C) d + abd + c = 0 (D) None of these
72. If 1 − C 2 = nc – 1 and z = eiq,
63. If |z – i| ≤ 2 and z0 = 5 + 3i, the maximum value of |iz c ⎛ n⎞
+ z0| is then (1 + nz ) ⎜1 + ⎟ =
2n ⎝ z⎠
(A) 7 (B) 9
(A) 1 + c cosq (B) 1 – c cosq
(C) 13 (D) None of these
(C) 1 + 2c cosq (D) 1 – 2c cosq
( )
64. The solutions of the equation z z − 2i = 2 (2 + i) are 73. Let ‘a’ be a complex number such that | a | < 1 and z1,
z2,..., zn be the vetices of a polygon such that zk = 1 +
(A) 3 + i, 3 – i (B) 1 + 3i, 1 – 3i
(C) 1 + 3i, 1 – i (D) 1 – 3i, 1 + i a + a2 + … + ak, then the vertices of the polygon lie
within the circle
65. Let a, b be real and z be a complex number. If z2 + a z 1 1
+ b = 0 has two distinct roots on the line Re z = 1, then (A) | z | = (B) |z – a | =
|1 − a | |1 − a |
it is necessary that
(A) b ∈ (1, ∞) (B) b ∈ (0, 1) 1 1
(C) z − = (D) None of these
(C) b ∈ (–1, 0) (D) | b | = 1 1− a |1 − a |
66. If w (≠1) is a cube root of unity, and (1 + w)7 = A + Bw. 74. All the roots of the equation a1z3 + a2z2 + a3z + a4 = 3,
Then (A, B) equals where |ai| ≤ 1, i = 1, 2, 3, 4 lie outside the circle with
(A) (–1, 1) (B) (0, 1) (C) (1, 1) (D) (1, 0) centre origin and radius
1 2
z2 (A) (B)
67. If z ≠ 1 and is real, then the point represented by 3 3
z −1 (C) 1 (D) None of these
the complex number z lies
(A) either on the real axis or on a circle passing 75. If z4 = (z – 1)4, then the roots are represented in the
through the origin. argand plane by the points that are
(B) on a circle with centre at the origin. (A) collinear
(C) either on the real axis or on a circle not passing (B) concyclic
through the origin. (C) vertices of a parallelogram
(D) on the imaginary axis. (D) None of these
 Complex Numbers 3.25

76. The maximum value of |z| when z satisfies the condition 86. The locus of the complex number z in an argand plane
2 satisfying the equation
z+ = 2 is p
z Arg (z + i) – Arg (z – i) = is
2
(A) 3 –1 (B) 3+1 (A) boundary of a circle (B) interior of a circle
(C) 3 (D) 2+ 3 (C) exterior of a circle (D) None of these

77. If |z + z | + |z – z | = 8, then z lies on 87. If for the complex numbers z1 and z2, |z1 + z2| = |z1 – z2|,
then amp z1 ~ amp z2 =
(A) a circle (B) a straight line p
(C) a square (D) None of these (A) p (B)
2
p
78. The complex number which satisfies the equation (C) (D) None of these
4
z+ 2 |z + 1| + i = 0 is 88. The locus of the complex number z in an argand plane
(A) 2 – i (B) –2 – i satisfying the inequality
(C) 2 + i (D) –2 + i
⎛ | z − 1| + 4 ⎞ ⎛ 2⎞
log1/ 2 ⎜ ⎟ > 1 ⎜ where | z − 1| ≠ ⎟ is
⎡ a − ib ⎤ ⎝ 3 | z − 1| − 2 ⎠ ⎝ 3⎠
79. tan ⎢i log is equal to
⎣ a + ib ⎥⎦ (A) a circle (B) interior of a circle
2ab a2 − b 2 (C) exterior of a circle (D) None of these
(A) 2 (B)
a + b2 2ab
89. Let z1 and z2 be two complex numbers such that
2ab z1 z 2
(C) 2 (D) ab + = 1, then
a − b2 z 2 z1
80. |z1 + z2| = |z1| + |z2| is possible if (A) z1, z2 are collinear
1 (B) z1, z2 and the origin from a right angled triangle
(A) z2 = z 1 (B) z2 =
z1 (C) z1, z2 and the origin form an equilateral triangle
(C) arg z1 = arg z2 (D) |z1| = |z2| (D) None of these

81. If z = x + iy, x, y real, then |x| + |y| ≤ k |z|, where k is 90. If P, P′ represent the complex number z1 and its addi-
equal to tive inverse respectively, then the complex equation of
(A) 1 (B) 2 the circle with PP′ as a diameter is

(C) 3 (D) None of these z ⎛z ⎞

(A) = ⎜ 1⎟ (B) zz + z 1z 1 = 0
z1 ⎝z ⎠
82. If z = a + ib where a > 0, b > 0, then
1 1 (C) zz 1 + zz 1 (D) None of these
(A) |z| ≥ (a – b) (B) |z| ≥ (a + b)
2 2 91. If a, b, c, p, q, r are three non-zero complex numbers
1 p q r a b c
(C) |z| < (a + b) (D) None of these such that + + = 1 + i and + + = 0, then
2 a b c p q r
p2 q2 r2
83. If (1 + x + x2)n = a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + … + a2n x2n, then value of 2 + 2 + 2 is
a0 + a3 + a6 + … = a b c
(A) 0 (B) –1 (C) 2i (D) –2i
(A) 3n (B) 3n – 1
(C) 3 n–2
(D) None of these z1 − z2
92. If z1, z2 are two complex numbers such that =1
84. The closest distance of the origin from a curve given z1 + z2
as a z + a z + aa = 0 (a is a complex number) is and tz1 = kz2 where k ∈ R, then the angle between
|a| Re a Im a (z1 – z2) and (z1 + z2) is
(A) 1 (B) (B) (D)
2 |a| |a| ⎛ 2k ⎞ ⎛ 2k ⎞
n n (A) tan–1 ⎜⎝ k 2 + 1⎟⎠ (B) tan–1 ⎜⎝ 1 − k 2 ⎟⎠
85. The integral solution of the equation (1 – i) = 2 is
(A) n = 0 (B) n = 1 (C) –2 tan–1(k) (D) 2 tan–1(k)
(C) n = – 1 (D) None of these
3.26 Chapter 3

24 2 100. If a, b, c are real, a2 + b2 + c2 = 1 and b + ic = (1 + a)z,

⎛ n 1⎞
2
93. 1 + x = 3x , then
∑ ⎜⎝ x − n ⎟⎠ is equal to
x then
1 + iz
=
n =1 1 − iz
(A) 48 (B) –48 a − ib a + ib
(C) ±48(w – w2) (D) 1 ± 48w (A) (B)
1+ c 1+ c
94. For any two complex numbers z1 and z2 with |z1| ≠ |z2| a + ib a − ib
(C) (D)
2 z 1 + i 3z 2 +
2
3z 1 + i 2 z 2
2
is 1− c 1− c
101. If z1, z2 are two complex numbers and wk, k = 0, 1, …,
(A) less than 5 (|z1|2 + |z2|2) n −1
(B) greater than 10 |z1z2| n – 1 are the nth roots of unity, then ∑ | z1 + z2 w k |2
k =0
(C) equal to 2|z1|2 + 3 |z2|2
(A) < n (|z1|2 + |z2|2) (B) = n (|z1|2 + |z2|2)
(D) zero
(C) > n (|z1|2 + |z2|2) (D) can’t say
95. If the roots of (z – 1)25 = 2w2(z + 1)25 (where w is a
complex cube root of unity) are plotted in the argand 102. The equation |z – z1|2 + |z – z2|2 = k, k ∈ R represents
plane, they lie on a circle if
1 1
(A) a straight line (B) a circle (A) k ≥ | z 1 − z 2 |2 (B) k ≤ | z1 − z2 |2
(C) an ellipse (D) None of these 2 2
1 1
96. If z1 and z2 are the two complex roots of equal magni- (C) k ≥ | z 1 + z 2 |2 (D) k ≤ | z 1 + z 2 |2
p 2 2
tude and their arguments differ by , of the quadratic
2 103. f (z) when divided by z – i gives remainder i; when
equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 (a ≠ 0) then a (in terms of b divided by z + i gives remainder i + 1. When f (z) is
and c) is divided by z2 + 1, the remainder is
b2 b2 i ⎛ 1⎞ i ⎛ 1⎞
(A) (B) (A) z + ⎜i − ⎟ (B) z − ⎜i + ⎟
2c c 2 ⎝ 2⎠ 2 ⎝ 2⎠
b i ⎛ 1⎞ −i ⎛ 1⎞
(C) (D) None of these (C) z + ⎜i + ⎟ (D) z + ⎜i + ⎟
2c 2 ⎝ 2⎠ 2 ⎝ 2⎠
z −z
97. The complex numbers z1, z2 and z3 satisfying 1 3
z2 − z3 104. The value of the expression (w – 1) (w – w2) (w – w3)
1 − 3i … (w – wn–1), where w is the nth root of unity, is
= are the vertices of a triangle which is
2 (A) nwn–1 (B) nwn
(A) of area zero (C) (n – 1) w n
(D) (n – 1) wn–1
(B) right angled isosceles
⎛ p⎞
(C) equilateral 105. If |z – i| = 1 and arg (z) = q, q ∈ ⎜ 0, ⎟ , then the value
(D) obtuse angled isosceles ⎝ 2⎠
2
of cot q − is equal to
98. z1, z2 are two non-real complex numbers such that z
z1 z 2 (A) 0 (B) i (C) – i (D) 1
+ = 1. Then, z1, z2 and the origin
z 2 z1 4 + 3i
106. The reflection of the complex number in the
(A) are collinear straight line iz = is 1 + 2i
(B) form right angled triangle
(A) 2 + i (B) 2 – i
(C) form right angle isosceles triangle
(C) 1 + 2i (D) 1 – 2i
(D) form an equilateral triangle
107. If i = −1 , then
99. If z1 and z2 (±0) are two complex numbers such that
334 365
z1 − z2 ⎛ 1 i 3⎞ ⎛ 1 i 3⎞
= 1, then 4 + 5 ⎜− + +3 ⎜− + is equal to
z1 + z2 ⎝ 2 2 ⎟⎠ ⎝ 2 2 ⎟⎠
(A) z2 = ikz1, k ∈ R (B) z2 = kz1, k ∈ R (A) 1 – i 3 (B) – 1 + i 3
(C) z2 = z1 (D) None of these (C) i 3 (D) – 3 i
 Complex Numbers 3.27

108. Let b z + b z = c, b ≠ 0, be a line in the complex (A) 0 (B) real and positive
plane, where b is the complex conjugate of b. If a (C) real and negative (D) purely imaginary
point z1 is the reflection of a point z2 through the line, 116. If the complex numbers z1, z2, z3 are the vertices A,
then z 1 b + z2 b = B, C respectively of an isosceles right angled triangle
(A) 4c (B) 2c with right angle at C, then
(C) c (D) None of these (z1 – z2)2 = k (z1 – z3) (z3 – z2), where k =
109. Let z1 and z2 be roots of the equation z2 + pz + q = 0, (A) 1 (B) 2
where the coefficients p and q may be complex (C) 4 (D) None of these
numbers. Let A and B represent z1 and z2 in the com-
117. If the origin and the two points represented by com-
plex plane. If ∠AOB = a ≠ 0 and OA = OB, where O
a plex numbers A and B form vertices of an equilateral
is the origin, then p2 = k cos2 , where k = A B
2 triangle, then + =
(A) q (B) 2q B A
(C) 4q (D) None of these (A) 1 (B) – 1
(C) 2 (D) None of these
110. If z1, z2, z3 are complex numbers such that |z1| = |z2| =
118. If 2 2 x 4 = ( 3 – 1) + i ( 3 + 1), then
1 1 1
|z3| = + + = 1, then |z1 + z2 + z3| is 1 1
z1 z2 z3 x = cos (2np + k) + i sin (2np + k);
4 4
(A) equal to 1 (B) less than 1 n = 0, 1, 2, 3, where k =
(C) greater than 3 (D) equal to 3
p 5p
(A) (B)
111. If |z| ≤ 1, |w | ≤ 1, then |z – w |2 12 12
(A) ≤ (|z| – |w |)2 – (Arg z – Arg w)2 7p
(B) ≤ (|z| – |w |)2 + (Arg z – Arg w)2 (C) (D) None of these
12
(C) ≤ (|z| – |w |)2 + 2 (Arg z – Arg w)2 p
(D) None of these 32 ⎡ 10 ⎛ 2q p 2q p ⎞ ⎤
112. Suppose, z1, z2, z3 are the vertices of an equilateral
119. ∑ ∑
(3 p + 2) ⎢ ⎜ sin
⎢⎣ q =1 ⎝ 11
− i cos ⎥ =
11 ⎟⎠ ⎥
p =1 ⎦
triangle inscribed in the circle |z| = 2. If z1 = 1 + i 3 (A) 8 (1 – i) (B) 16 (1 – i)
then z2 and z3 are equal to (C) 48 (1 – i) (D) None of these
(A) – 2, 1 – i 3 (B) 2, 1 – i 3
120. The three vertices of a triangle are represented by
(C) – 2, 1 + i 3 (D) None of these the complex numbers 0, z1 and z2. If the triangle is
3n equilateral, then
113. If k = , where n is an even positive integer, then
2 (A) z 12 + z 22 + z 1 z 2 = 0 (B) z 12 + z 22 = z1 z2
k
(C) z 22 − z 12 = z1 z2 (D) z 12 − z 22 = z1 z2
∑ (−3)r −1 ⋅ 3n C2r −1 =
r =1 121. If |z – 25i| ≤ 15, then |maximum amp (z) – minimum
(A) 0 (B) 1 amp (z)| is equal to
(C) – 1 (D) None of these
⎛ 3⎞ ⎛ 3⎞
(A) sin–1 ⎜ ⎟ – cos–1 ⎜ ⎟
114. If a and b are real numbers between 0 and 1 such that ⎝ 5⎠ ⎝ 5⎠
the points z1 = a + i, z2 = 1 + bi and z3 = 0 form an p ⎛ 3⎞
equilateral triangle, then a and b are (B) + cos −1 ⎜ ⎟
2 ⎝ 5⎠
(A) 2 + 3 , 2 – 3 (B) 2 – 3,2– 3 ⎛ 3⎞
(C) p – 2 cos–1 ⎜ ⎟
(C) 2 – 3,2+ 3 (D) None of these ⎝ 5⎠
115. Let z1 and z2 be complex numbers such that z1 ≠ z2 ⎛ 3⎞
(D) cos–1 ⎜ ⎟
and |z1| = |z2|. If z1 has positive real part and z2 has ⎝ 5⎠
z + z2
negative imaginary part, then 1 may be 122. If z2 + (p + iq) z + r + is = 0 where p, q, r, s are
z1 − z 2 non-zero, has real roots, then
3.28 Chapter 3

(A) pqs = s2 + q2r (B) pqr = r2 + p2s (A) |z – a| =

1
(B) |z – 1| =
1
(C) prs = q2 + r2p (D) qrs = p2 + s2q |1 − a | |1 − a |
123. If z1 and z2 are any two complex numbers, then 1 1
(C) z− = (D) None of these
1− a |1 − a |
z1 + z 12 − z 22 + z1 − z 12 − z 22 is equal to
131. If A, B, C are the angles of a triangle and eiA, eiB, eiC
(A) |z1 + z2| (B) |z1| are in A.P., then the triangle must be
(C) |z2| (D) None of these (A) right angle (B) isosceles triangle
z (C) equilateral (D) None of these
124. If z = x + iy lies in IIIrd quadrant, then also lies in m
the IIIrd quadrant if z −1 ⎛ pi + 1⎞
132. e 2 mi cot p
⋅⎜ =
(A) y > x > 0 (B) y < x < 0 ⎝ pi − 1⎟⎠
(C) x < y < 0 (D) x > y > 0 (A) 0 (B) 1
125. If in an argand plane points z1, z2, z3 are the vertices (C) – 1 (D) None of these
of an isosceles triangle right angled at z2, then 133. If z1 and z1 represent adjacent vertices of a regular
(A) z12 + 2 z22 + z32 = 2 z2 (z1 + z3) Im ( z 1 )
polygon of n sides and if = 2 – 1, then n
(B) z 12 + z 22 + z 32 = 2 z2 (z1 + z3) is equal to Re ( z 1 )
(C) z 12 + z 22 + 2 z 32 = 2 z2 (z1 + z3) (A) 4 (B) 8
(D) 2 z12 + z22 + z32 = 2 z2 (z1 + z3) (C) 16 (D) None of these

126. In the Argand diagram, if O, P and Q represent 134. If z1, z2, z3 are non-zero, non-collinear complex num-
respectively the origin and the complex numbers z 2 1 1
bers such that = + , then the points z1, z2, z3
and z + iz, then the ∠OPQ is z1 z 2 z 3
p p p 2p lie
(A) (B) (C) (D) (A) in the interior of a circle
4 3 2 3
(B) on a circle passing through origin
127. If z satisfies |z + 1| < |z – 2|, and w = 3z + 2 + i, then (C) in the exterior of a circle
(A) |w + 1| < |w – 8| (B) |w + 1| < |w – 7| (D) None of these
(C) w + w > 7 (D) |w + 5| < |w – 4| 135. If |z – 25 i| ≤ 15, then the least positive value of arg
128. If P (x) and Q (x) are two polynomials such that f (x) = z is 4
4
P (x3) + x Q (x3) is divisible by x2 + x + 1, then (A) p – tan– 1 (B) tan– 1 3
3
(A) P (x) is divisible by (x – 1) but Q (x) is not divis-
4
ible by x – 1 (C) –p + tan– 1 (D) None of these
(B) Q (x) is divisible by (x – 1) but P (x) is not divis- 3
ible by x – 1 136. If |z – 4 + 3i| ≤ 2, then the least and the greatest values
(C) Both P (x) and Q (x) are divisible by x – 1 of |z| are
(D) f (x) is divisible by x – 1 (A) 3, 7 (B) 4, 7
⎛ 8p ⎞ ⎛ 8p ⎞ (C) 3, 9 (D) None of these
129. If a = cos ⎜ ⎟ + i sin ⎜ ⎟ , then
⎝ 11 ⎠ ⎝ 11 ⎠ 137. If z1, z2 are two complex numbers and c > 0 such that
Re (a + a2 + a3 + a4 + a5) is equal to |z1 + z2|2 ≤ (1 + c) |z1|2 + k |z2|2, then k =
1 1
(A) (B) – (A) 1 – c (B) c – 1 (C) 1 + c–1 (D) 1 – c–1
2 2
(C) 0 (D) None of these 138. If |z – 4 + 3i| ≤ 1 and m and n are the least and greatest
x4 + x2 + 4
130. Let p be a complex number such that |a| < 1 and z1, values of |z| and k is the least value of on
z2, …, zn be the vertices of a polygon such that zk = 1 the interval (0, ∞), then k is equal to x
+ a + a2 + … a k, then the vertices of the polygon lie (A) m (B) n
within the circle (C) m + n (D) None of these
 Complex Numbers 3.29

139. If n > 1, then the roots of zn = (z + 1)n lie on a 1

146. If a, b are the roots of z + = 2(cos q + sin q ) Then,
(A) circle z
(A) |a – i| > |b – i| (B) |a – i| < |b – i|
(B) straight line
(C) |a – i| = |i – b | (D) |a – i| = |b – i|
(C) parabola
(D) None of these 147. If at least one value of the complex number z = x + iy
2
140. Let z be a complex number satisfying z + z + 1 = 0. satisfies the condition z + 2 = a2 – 3a + 2 and the
If n is not a multiple of 3, then the value of zn + z2n = inequality z + i 2 < a2 , then
(A) 2 (B) –2
(C) 0 (D) –1 (A) a > 2 (B) a = 2
(C) a < 2 (D) None of these
141. If 1, a1, a2, a3 and a4 be the roots of x5 – 1 = 0, then
148. If a is the nth root of unity, then 1 + 2a + 3a2 + … to
w − a1 w − a 2 w − a 3 w − a 4
⋅ ⋅ ⋅ = n terms is equal to
w 2 − a1 w 2 − a 2 w 2 − a 3 w 2 − a 4 n n
(A) − (B) −
(A) 1 (B) w (1 − a ) 2 1 − a
(C) w2 (D) None of these 2n 2n
(C) − (D) −
142. If z1 and z2 both satisfy the relation z + z = 2|z – 1| 1−a (1 − a ) 2
p
and arg (z1 – z2) = , then the imaginary part of 149. Let O, A, B be three collinear points such that
4 OA · OB = 1. If O and B represent the complex
(z1 + z2) is
(A) 0 (B) 1 numbers o and z, then A represents
(C) 2 (D) None of these 1 1
(A) (B)
z z
143. All the roots of the equation a1 z3 + a2 z2 + a3 z +
a4 = 3, where |ai| ≤ 1, i = 1, 2, 3, 4, lie outside the (C) z (D) z2
circle with centre origin and radius 150. ABCD is a rhombus. Its diagonals AC and BD inter-
1 sect at the point M and satisfy BD = 2AC. If the points
(A) 1 (B)
3 D and M represent the complex numbers 1 + i and
2
(C) (D) None of these 2 – i, respectively, then A represents the complex
3 number
1 1 1 1 i i i 3
144. If + + + =, where a, b, c are (A) 3 − or 3 + (B) 3 + or 1 + i
a+w b +w c +w d +w 2 2 2 2
real and w is a non-real cube root of unity, then (C) 3 – i or 1 – 3i (D) None of these
(A) a + b + c + d = – 2abcd
151. The locus represented by the complex equation
1 1 1 1
(B) + + + =2 ⎛p ⎞
1+ a 1+ b 1+ c 1+ d |z – 2 – i| = | z | sin ⎜ − arg z ⎟ is the part of
⎝4 ⎠
1 1 1 1 2
(C) 2
+ 2
+ 2
+ 2
=– 2 (A) a pair of straight lines
a+w b +w c +w d +w w
(B) a circle
(D) abc + bcd + abd + acd = 4
(C) a parabola
145. If z1 + z2 + z3 = A, z1 + z2 w + z3 w2 = B and z1 + z2 (D) a rectangular hyperbola
w2 + z3 w = C, where 1, w, w2 are the three cube roots 152. If z1, z2, z3 are three points lying on the circle |z| = 2,
of unity, then |A|2 + |B|2 + |C|2 =
then the minimum value of |z1 + z2|2 + |z2 + z3|2 +
(A) 3 (|z1|2 + |z2|2 + |z3|2) |z3 + z1|2 is equal to
(B) 2 (|z1|2 + |z2|2 + |z3|2) (A) 6 (B) 12
(C) (|z1|2 + |z2|2 + |z3|2) (C) 15 (D) 24
(D) None of these
3.30 Chapter 3

More than One Option Correct Type

153. The centre of a regular polygon of n sides is located 160. If |z1 – z2| = |z1| + |z2|, then
at the point z = 0, and one of its vertex z1 is known. If
⎛z ⎞ p
z2 be the vertex adjacent to z1, then z2 is equal to (A) arg ⎜ 1 ⎟ =
⎝ z2 ⎠ 2
⎛ 2p 2p ⎞
(A) z 1 ⎜ cos + i sin
⎝ n n ⎟⎠ ⎛z ⎞
(B) arg ⎜ 1 ⎟ = (2n + 1)p, n ∈ I
⎛ p p⎞ ⎝ z2 ⎠
(B) z1 ⎜ cos + i sin ⎟ (C) z 1z 2 + z 1z 2 ≤ 0
⎝ n n⎠
(D) z1 = l z2, l ∈ R
⎛ 2p 2p ⎞
(C) z 1 ⎜ cos − i sin
⎝ n n ⎟⎠ 161. If z1 = a + ib and z2 = c + id are two complex numbers
such that |z1| = |z2| = 1 and Re (z1 · z 2 ) = 0 then for the
⎛ p p⎞
(D) z 1 ⎜ cos − i sin ⎟ pair of complex numbers w1 = a + ic and w2 = b + id
⎝ n n⎠
(A) Re (w1 w ) = 0 (B) Re (w1 w ) = 1
2 2
154. i − −i is equal to (C) |w1| = 1 (D) None of these
1
(A) i 2 (B) (C) 0 (D) – i 2 162. If z1, z2, z3 are the vertices of an equilateral triangle in
i 2
the complex plane and z0 is the centroid, then
155. If z1, z2, z3, z4 are the four complex numbers repre-
1 1 1
sented by the vertices of a quadrilateral taken in order (A) + + =0
z −z p z1 − z 2 z 2 − z 3 z 3 − z1
such that z1 – z4 = z2 – z3 and amp 4 1 = then
z 2 − z1 2 (B) (z1 – z2)2 + (z2 – z3)2 + (z3 – z1)2 = 0
the quadrilateral is a
(A) square (C) z12 + z22 + z32 = 3 z 02
(B) rhombus (D) z 12 + z 22 + z 32 = z1 z2 + z2 z3 + z3 z1
(C) rectangle
(D) a cyclic quadrilateral 163. If a, b, c, …, k are the roots of the equation
xn + p1 xn – 1 + p2 xn – 2 + … + pn – 1 x + pn = 0
156. The sum
m (p1, p2, …, pn are real) and (1 + a2) (1 + b2) … (1 + k2)
4 n +1 ⎡ m + 1
⎧ ⎛ 2p k ⎞ ⎛ 2p k ⎞ ⎫⎤
∑ ⎢∑ ⎨sin ⎜ ⎟ − i cos ⎜
⎝ m ⎟⎠ ⎭⎥
⎬⎥ is = x2 + y2, then
m =1 ⎢
⎣ k =1m ⎩ ⎝ m ⎠ ⎦ (A) x = 1 – p2 + p4 …
(A) independent of n (B) y = p1 – p3 + p5 – …
(B) purely imaginary (C) x = 1 + p2 + p4 + …
(C) purely real (D) y = p1 + p3 + p5 + ….
(D) a root of x4n + 1 + 1 = 0 164. If z1, z2, z3 and z4 are the vertices of a square PQRS in
157. z1 = a + ib and z2 = c + id are complex numbers such order, then
that |z1| = |z2| = 1 and Re ( z 1z 2 ) = 0. If w1 = a + ic and (A) z4 + z2 = z3 + z1
w2 = b + id (a, b, c, d ∈ R), then (B) |z1 – z2| = |z2 – z3| = |z3 – z4| = |z4 – z1|
(A) |w1| = 1 (B) |w2| = 1 (C) |z3 – z1| = |z4 – z2|
(C) Re ( w1w2 ) = 0 (D) Re ( w1w2 ) = 1 z − z3
(D) The real part of 1 is zero
z2 − z4
1
158. If arg (z3/8) = arg ( z 2 + z z 1/ 2 ), then 165. If z1, z2, z3 are the vertices of an isosceles triangle and
2 right angled at z2, then
(A) |z| = 1 (B) z =
(C) Re (z) = 0 (D) Im (z) = 0 (A) z12 + z32 + 2z22 = 2 (z1 + z3) z2
159. If z12 + 2z22 + z32 = 2z2(z1 + z3), where z1, z2, z3 are the (B) z12 + z32 = 2 z2(z1 + z3 – z2)
vertices of a triangle, then the triangle is (C) (z1 – z2)2 + (z2 – z3)2 = 0
(A) isosceles (B) right angled z − z2
(C) equilateral (D) obtuse angled (D) 1 is imaginary
z2 − z3
 Complex Numbers 3.31
⎛z ⎞ p
166. A, B, C are the points representing the complex (C) arg ⎜ 1 ⎟ = ±
⎝ z2 ⎠ 2
numbers z1, z2, z3, respectively on the complex
plane and the circumcentre of the triangle ABC lies (D) DOAB is isosceles
at the origin. If the altitude AD of the triangle ABC 168. If f (x) and g(x) are two polynomials such that the
meets circumcircle again at P, then P represents the polynomial h (x) = x f (x3) + x2g(x6) is divisible by
complex number x2 + x + 1, then
zz
(A) − z 1z 2 z 3 (B) − 1 2 (A) f (1) = g (1) (B) f (1) = – g(1)
z3
(C) h(1) = 0 (D) h(–1) = 0
z 1z 3 z2 z3
(C) − (D) −
z2 z1 169. If a is the fifth root of unity, then
167. If the points A and B are represented by the non-zero (A) |1 + a + a2 + a3 + a4| = 0
complex numbers z1 and z2 on the argand plane such (B) |1 + a + a2 + a3| = 1
that |z1 + z2| = |z1 – z2| and O is the origin, then p
(C) |1 + a + a2| = 2 cos
(A) orthocentre of DOAB lies at O 5
p
z1 + z 2 (D) |1 + a| = 2 cos
(B) circumcentre of DOAB is 10
2

Passage Based Questions

Passage 1 ⎛m b⎞
(C) (a2 + b2)m/2n cos ⎜ tan −1 ⎟
If n be a rational number, then ⎝n a⎠
cos nq + i sin nq (D) None of these
is the value or one of the values of (cos q + i sin q)n. 172. The values of (16)1/4 are
If p and q be the integers prime to each other (q ≠ 0), (A) ±2, ±2 i (B) ±4, ±4 i
then all the values of (cos q + i sin q) p/q are given by (C) ±1, ±i (D) None of these
⎡ p⎤ ⎡ p⎤ 173. The roots of the equation z4 + 1 = 0 are
cos ⎢( 2k p + q ) ⎥ + i sin ⎢( 2k p + q ) ⎥ ,
⎣ q⎦ ⎣ q⎦ (A) (±1 ± i) (B) (±2 ± 2i)
1
where k = 0, 1, 2, … q – 1. (C) (±1 ± i) (D) None of these
There are apparently two different ways of calculat- 2
ing the values of (cos q + i sin q) p/q, (where p and q are Passage 2
integers prime to each other and q ≠ 0), namely,
If z = r (cos q + i sin q) and n is a positive integer, then
1. by writing (cos q + i sin q)p/q as
⎡ ⎛ 2k p + q ⎞ ⎛ 2k p + q ⎞ ⎤
{(cos q + i sin q)p}1/q, z1/n = r1/ n ⎢cos ⎜ ⎟ + i sin ⎜ ,
2. by writing (cos q + i sin q)p/q as ⎣ ⎝ n ⎠ ⎝ n ⎟⎠ ⎥⎦
{(cos q + i sin q)1/q}p. where k = 0, 1, 2, 3, … (n – 1), gives n, nth roots of the
complex number z.
It can be easily seen that if p and q are prime to each other,
In particular, since 1 = cos 0 + i sin 0, therefore
the q values in each case are the same, so that each of the
two ways will yield the same result. (1)1/n = (cos 0 + i sin 0)1/n
16 2p r + 0 2p r + 0
⎛ 2 rp 2 rp ⎞ = cos + i sin ; r = 0, 1, 2, …, (n – 1)
170. The value of ∑ ⎜⎝ sin 17
+ i cos
17 ⎟⎠
is n n
r =1 2p r 2p r
= cos + i sin ; r = 0, 1, 2, …, (n – 1)
(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) i (D) –i n n
m/n 2 rp
171. One of the values of (a + ib) + (a – ib)m/n is i
=e n ; r = 0, 1, 2, …, (n – 1)
⎛m b⎞
2
(A) 2 (a + b )2 m/n
cos ⎜ tan −1 ⎟ = 1, e p , e(i 4p/n), …, e(i 2(n–1)p/n)
(i 2 /n)
⎝n a⎠
⎛m b⎞ = 1, a, a2, a3, … an–1, where a = e(i 2p/n)
(B) 2 (a2 + b2)m/2n cos ⎜ tan −1 ⎟
⎝n a⎠ These are the n, nth roots of unity.
3.32 Chapter 3

Clearly, z7 + 1 = 0 ⇒ z7 = – 1 = cis (2p + 1)p, where p is an

1. 1 + a + a2 + … + a n–1 = 0 integer.
2. 1 · a · a … an–1 = (– 1)n–1 Therefore, z = cis [(2p + 1)p/7], p = 0, 1, …, 6
3. nth roots of unity form a G.P. with common ratio On putting p = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, the roots are seen
e(i2p/n). to be cos (p/7) ± i sin (p/7), cos (3p/7) ± i sin (3p/7), cos
(5p/7) ± i sin (5p/7), –1.
174. If 1, w, w2, … wn – 1 are the n, nth roots of unity and Equations of the type pz2n + qzn + r = 0, where p, q
z1 and z2 are any two complex numbers, then and r are complex numbers and p ≠ 0.
n −1
∑ | z 1 + w k z 2 |2 =
zn =
−q± q 2 − 4 pr
k =0 2p
2 2
(A) n [|z1| + |z2| ] Denoting these values of zn by a and b, we have two equa-
2
(B) (n – 1) [|z1| + |z2| ] 2 tions zn = a and zn = b, each of which can be solved by the
(C) (n + 1) [|z1|2 + |z2|2] method given in the above example.
(D) None of these Equations of the type a (pz + q)n + b (rz + s)n = 0:
pz + q
175. If 1, a1, a2, …, an – 1 are the n, nth roots of unity, then The substitution = w reduces the given equation
(1 – a1) (1 – a2) (1 – a3) … (1 – an – 1) = to the form rz + s
(A) n + 1
awn + b = 0 (i)
(B) n
(C) n – 1 which can be solved by the method given above. If wk be
(D) None of these. a root of the equation (i), the corresponding root zk of the
given equation is obtained by solving the equation
176. If 1, a, a2, …,an – 1 are the n nth roots of unity then
n −1 pz k + q
1 = wk.
∑ 2 − ai
is equal to rz k + s
i =1
178. The roots of the equation x6 + x3 + 1 = 0 are
( n − 2 )2 n − 1 + 1 n
(A) (B) (n – 2) × 2 ⎛ pp ⎞ ⎛ pp ⎞
2n − 1 cos ⎜ ⎟ ± i sin ⎜ ⎟ , where p =
⎝ 9 ⎠ ⎝ 9 ⎠
( n − 2) ⋅ 2 n − 1
(C) (D) None of these (A) 2 (B) 8 (C) 14 (D) 20
2n − 1
179. The roots of the equation z4 + 4z2 + 16 = 0 are
177. If 1, w, w2, …, wn – 1 are the n, nth roots of unity, then
(1 – w) (1 – w)2 … (1 – wn – 1) is equal to (A) ± 1 + i 3 (B) ± 1 − i 3
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) ± 2 + 2 3 i (D) ± 2 − 2 3 i
(C) n (D) n2
180. The roots of the equation (2 + z)6 + (2 – z)6 = 0 are
Passage 3 (A) ±2i tan p/12
Solution of Equations (B) ±2i tan 5p/12
Certain types of algebraic equations can be solved with the (C) ±2i
help of De’Moivre’s theorem (D) ±2
Equations of the type pzn + q = 0: 181. The roots of the equation z4 – z3 + z2 – z + 1 = 0 are
If pzn + q = 0, where p and q are complex numbers, and ⎛ pp ⎞ ⎛ pp ⎞
cos ⎜ + i sin ⎜ where p =
p ≠ 0, then ⎝ 5 ⎟⎠ ⎝ 5 ⎟⎠
zn = – q/p (A) 1, 3, 5, 7, 9
(B) 1, 3, 7, 9
The roots of the given equation are, therefore, the n values
(C) 3, 5, 7, 9
of (– q/p)1/n. For example, consider the equation z7 + 1 = 0.
(D) None of these
 Complex Numbers 3.33

Match the Column Type

( )
182. 100
(III) If 3+i = 299 (C) 22n
Column-I Column-II (a + ib), then b =
2 2
⎛p⎞ ⎛p⎞ (A) i – 1 (IV) 1(2 – w) (2 – w2) + 2 (D) n ( n + 1) − n
(I) If zr = cos ⎜ r ⎟ + i sin ⎜ r ⎟ r
⎝3 ⎠ ⎝3 ⎠ (3 – w) (3 – w2) + … + 4
= 1, 2, 3, …, then z1z2z3 … ∞ = (n – 1) (n – w) (n – w2) =
(II) If iz3 + z2 – z + i = 0, then |z| = (B) 1 184.
z −2 (C) 2 Column-I Column-II
(III) If ( z ≠ − 2) is purely
z +2 6 6
imaginary, then |z| = ⎛ 3 + i⎞ ⎛ i − 3⎞ 7
(I) ⎜ ⎟ +⎜ ⎟ (A) −
(IV) The value of the sum (D) i – 1 ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2
13
∑ (i n + i n +1 ) , (II) If
z −1
is purely imaginary, (B) 0
n =1 z +1
where i = − 1 , equals then |z| =

( ) ( )
100 100
183. If 1, w, w2 be the three cube roots of unity, then (III) i + 3 + i− 3 + 2100 = (C) –2

Column-I Column-II (IV) Let zk = (k = 0, 1, 2, … 6) be the (D) 1

roots of the equation (z + 1)7
(I) (1 + w) (1 + w2) (1 + w4) (A) 3 6
(1 + w8) … to 2n factors + z7 = 0, then ∑ Re ( z k ) is
k =0
(II) (1 – w + w2) (1 – w2 + w4) (B) 1 equal to
(1 – w4 + w8) … to 2n
factors =

Assertion-Reason Type
Instructions: In the following questions an Assertion (A) is 186. Assertion: The locus of the point z satisfying the
given followed by a Reason (R). Mark your responses from z −1 p
condition arg = is a parabola
the following options: z +1 3
(A) Assertion(A) is True and Reason(R) is z
True; Reason(R) is a correct explanation for Reason: Arg 1 = Arg z1 – Arg z2
z2
Assertion(A)
(B) Assertion(A) is True, Reason(R) is True; 187. Assertion: If the area of the triangle on the argand
Reason(R) is NOT a correct explanation for plane formed by the complex numbers – z, iz, z – iz is
Assertion(A) 600 square units, then |z| = 20
(C) Assertion(A) is True, Reason(R) is False Reason: Area of the triangle on the argand plane
(D) Assertion(A) is False, Reason(R) is True formed by the complex numbers –z, iz, z – iz is
3 2
185. Assertion: If a = cos a + i sin a, b = cos b + i sin b, |z |.
a b c 2
c = cos g + i sin g and + + = –1, then cos (b – g )
b c a 188. Assertion: If |z – 1| + |z + 3| ≤ 8, then the range of
+ cos (g – a) + cos (a – b) = –1 values of |z – 4| is [1, 9]
Reason: (cos a1 + i sin a1) (cos a2 + i sin a2) = Reason: |z – 1| + |z + 3| ≤ 8 ⇒ z lies inside or on the
cos(a1 + a2) + i sin (a1 + a2) ellipse whose foci are (1, 0) and (–3, 0) and vertices
are (–5, 0) and (3, 0).
3.34 Chapter 3

189. Assertion: The greatest value of the moduli of complex 1

191. Assertion: If z0 = (1 + i ) , then
4 2
numbers z satisfying the equation z − = 2 is
z Pn(z) = (1 + z0) (1 + z02) (1 + z022) … (1 + z02n) =
5 +1
⎛ 1 ⎞
Reason: For any two complex numbers z1 and z2, (1 + i ) ⎜1 − 2 ⎟ , where n > 1 is a positive integer.
⎝ 2 ⎠
n

|z1 – z2| ≥ |z1| – |z2| n +1

1 − z 02
190. Assertion: The locus of the points representing Reason: Pn(z) =
1− z0
the complex numbers satisfying |z| – 2 = 0, |z – i| –
|z + 5i| = 0 is the single point (0, –2) 192. Assertion: If amp . [z1 (z3 – z2)] = amp . [z3(z2 – z1)],
Reason: If z is a variable point and z1, z2 are two fixed then 0, z1, z2, z3 are concyclic.
points in the argand plane, then |z – z1| = |z – z2| ⇒ Reason: For four concyclic points z1, z2, z3, z4,
locus of z is the perpendicular bisector of the line ( z1 − z3 ) ( z2 − z4 )
is purely real.
segment joining z1 and z2. ( z1 − z4 ) ( z2 − z3 )

Previous Year’s Questions

193. If w is an imaginary cube root of unity, then (1 + w ⎛ x y⎞

1 ⎜⎝ p + q ⎟⎠
– w 2)7 equals: [2002]
198. If z = x − iy and z3 = p + iq , then is equal to
(A) 128 w (B) –128 w ( p2 + q2 )
(C) 128 w2 (D) –128 w2 [2004]
(A) 1 (B) –2
194. Let z1 and z2 be two roots of the equation z2 + az + b = 0, (C) 2 (D) –1
z being complex. Further, assume that the origin, z1
and z2 form an equilateral triangle, then 199. If | z2 –1| = | z |2+ 1, then z lies on [2004]
[2003] (A) the real axis
(A) a2 = b (B) a2 = 2b (B) an ellipse
(C) a2 = 3b (D) a2 = 4b (C) a circle
(D) the imaginary axis.
195. If z and w are two non-zero complex numbers such
p 200. If the cubes roots of unity are 1, w, w2 then the roots
that | zw | = 1, and Arg (z) − Arg (w) = , then Z w
2 of the equation [2005]
is equal to [2003] 3
(x − 1) + 8 = 0, are
(A) 1 (B) –1
(A) −1, −1 + 2w, −1 −w2
(C) i (D) − i
(B) −1, −1, −1
x (C) −1, 1 − 2w, 1 − 2w2
⎛1+ i⎞ (D) −1, 1 + 2w, 1 + 2w2
196. If ⎜ = 1 , then [2003]
⎝ 1 − i ⎟⎠
201. If z1 and z2 are two non-zero complex numbers such
(A) x = 4n, where n is any positive integer
that | z1 + z2 | = | z1 | + | z2 | then argz1− argz2 is equal to
(B) x = 2n, where n is any positive integer
[2005]
(C) x = 4n + 1, where n is any positive integer p
(D) x = 2n + 1, where n is any positive integer (A) (B) −p
2
p
197. Let z, w be complex numbers such that z + iw = 0 (C) 0 (D) −
and arg zw = p. Then arg z equals [2004] 2
z
p 5p 202. If w = and | w | = 1, then z lies on [2005]
(A) (B) 1
4 4 z− i
3
3p p (A) an ellipse (B) a circle
(C) (D)
4 2 (C) a straight line (D) a parabola
 Complex Numbers 3.35

10
⎛ 2k p 2k p ⎞ z2
203. The value of ∑ ⎜⎝ sin 11
+ i cos
11 ⎠
⎟ is 211. If z ≠ 1 and
z −1
is real, then the point which is rep-
k =1 [2006] resented by the complex number z lies [2012]
(A) i (B) 1 (A) either on the real axis or on a circle passing
(C) –1 (D) −i through the origin
204. If z2 + z + 1 = 0, where z is a complex number, then (B) on a circle with centre at the origin
the value of (C) either on the real axis or on a circle not passing
2 2 2 2 through the origin
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 2 1⎞ ⎛ 3 1⎞ ⎛ 6 1⎞ (D) on the imaginary axis
⎜⎝ z + ⎟⎠ + ⎜⎝ z + 2 ⎟⎠ + ⎜⎝ z + 3 ⎟⎠ + ... + ⎜⎝ z + 6 ⎟⎠
z z z z
212. If z is a complex number of unit modulus and argu-
is [2006]
⎛ 1+ z ⎞
(A) 18 (B) 54 ment q , then ⎜ equals [2013]
(C) 6 (D) 12 ⎝ 1 + z ⎟⎠
p
205. If | z + 4 | ≤ 3, then the maximum value of |z + 1| is (A) −q (B) q
2
[2007]
(C) p − q (D) − q
(A) 4 (B) 10
(C) 6 (D) 0
213. If z is a complex number such that z ≥ 2 , then the
1
206. The conjugate of a complex number is Then the 1
complex number is i − 1 [2008] minimum value of z + [2014]
2
−1 1 5
(A) (B) (A) is equal to
i −1 i +1 2
−1 1 (B) lies in the interval (1, 2)
(C) (D)
i +1 i +1 5
(C) is strictly greater than
2
4 3 5
*207. If Z − = 2 , then the maximum value of | Z | is (D) is strictly greater than but less than
Z 2 2
equal to [2009]
214. A complex number z is said to be unimodular if
(A) 3+1 (B) 5+1
| z | = 1. Suppose z1 and z2 are complex numbers such
(C) 2 (D) 2 + 2 z − 2 z2
that 1 is unimodular and z2 is not unimodular.
208. The number of complex numbers z such that | z− 1| 2 − z1 z2
= |z + 1| = |z−i| equals [2010] Then the point z1 lies on a [2015]
(A) 1 (B) 2 (A) straight line parallel to y-axis.
(C) ∞ (D) 0 (B) circle of radius 2.
(C) circle of radius 2.
209. Let a, b be real numbers and z a complex number. If
(D) straight line parallel to x-axis.
z2 + a z+ b = 0 has two distinct roots on the line
Re(z) = 1, then it is necessary that 2 + 3i sin q
[2011] 215. A value of q for which is purely imagi-
(A) b ∈(−1, 0) (B) | b | = 1 1 − 2i sin q
(C) b ∈(1,∞) (D) b ∈(0, 1) nary, is [2016]
⎛ 1 ⎞ p
210. If w (≠ 1) is a cube root of unity, and (1 + w)7 = A + (a) sin −1 ⎜ ⎟ (B)
⎝ 3⎠ 3
Bw. Then (A, B) equals [2011]
(A) (1, 1) (B) (1, 0) p ⎛ 3⎞
(c) (D) sin −1 ⎜ ⎟
(C) (–1, 1) (D) (0, 1) 6 ⎝ 4 ⎠
3.36 Chapter 3

ANSWER KEYS

Single Option Correct Type

1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (A, C) 4. (D) 5. (B) 6. (B) 7. (D) 8. (C) 9. (A) 10. (C)
11. (D) 12. (D) 13. (C) 14. (B) 15. (B) 16. (C) 17. (B) 18. (C) 19. (D) 20. (B)
21. (B) 22. (C) 23. (B) 24. (B) 25. (B) 26. (C) 27. (C) 28. (A) 29. (C) 30. (A)
31. (C) 32. (B) 33. (B) 34. (C) 35. (C) 36. (A) 37. (C) 38. (C) 39. (B) 40. (C)
41. (C, D) 42. (A) 43. (A) 44. (C) 45. (B) 46. (C) 47. (C) 48. (A) 49. (C)
50. (C) 51. (B) 52. (B) 53. (B) 54. (A, C) 55. (B) 56. (C) 57. (A) 58. (A) 59. (B)
60. (A) 61. (C) 62. (B) 63. (A) 64. (C) 65. (A) 66. (C) 67. (A) 68. (C) 69. (C)
70. (B) 71. (D) 72. (A) 73. (C) 74. (B) 75. (A) 76. (B) 77. (C) 78. (B) 79. (C)
80. (C) 81. (B) 82. (B) 83. (B) 84. (B) 85. (A) 86. (A) 87. (B) 88. (C) 89. (C)
90. (A) 91. (C) 92. (C) 93. (B) 94. (B) 95. (B) 96. (A) 97. (C) 98. (D) 99. (A)
100. (B) 101. (B) 102. (A) 103. (C) 104. (A) 105. (B) 106. (D) 107. (C) 108. (C) 109. (C)
110. (A) 111. (B) 112. (A) 113. (A) 114. (B) 115. (D) 116. (B) 117. (A) 118. (B) 119. (C)
120. (B) 121. (C) 122. (A) 123. (D) 124. (C) 125. (B) 126. (C) 127. (A) 128. (D) 129. (B)
130. (C) 131. (C) 132. (B) 133. (B) 134. (B) 135. (B) 136. (A) 137. (C) 138. (B) 139. (B)
140. (D) 141. (B) 142. (C) 143. (C) 144. (B) 145. (A) 146. (D) 147. (A) 148. (B) 149. (A)
150. (A) 151. (C) 152. (B)

More than One Option Correct Type

153. (A) and (C) 154. (A) and (D) 155. (C) and (D) 156. (A) and (B) 157. (A), (B) and (C)
158. (A), (B) and (D) 159. (A) and (B) 160. (B) and (C) 161. (A) and (C)
162. (A), (B), (C) and (D) 163. (A) and (B) 164. (A), (B), (C) and (D)
165. (A), (B), (C) and (D) 166. (B), (C) and (D) 167. (A), (B) and (C) 168. (A), (B) and (C)
169. (A), (B) and (C)

Passage Based Questions

170. (D) 171. (B) 172. (A) 173. (C) 174. (A) 175. (B) 176. (A) 177. (C) 178. (A), (B) and (C)
179. (A) and (B) 180. (A), (B) and (C) 181. (B)

Match the Column Type

182. (I) → (D); (II) → (B); (III) → (C); (IV) → (A)
183. (I) → (B); (II) → (C); (III) → (A); (IV) → (D)
184. (I) → (C); (II) → (D); (III) → (B); (IV) → (A)

Assertion-Reason Type
185. (A) 186. (D) 187. (A) 188. (A) 189. (A) 190. (A) 191. (A) 192. (A)

Previous Year’s Questions

193. (D) 194. (C) 195. (D) or (C) 196. (A) 197. (C) 198. (B) 199. (D) 200. (C) 201. (C)
202. (C) 203. (D) 204. (D) 205. (C) 206. (C) 207. (B) 208. (A) 209. (C) 210. (A)
211. (A) 212. (B) 213. (B) 214. (B) 215. (A)
 Complex Numbers 3.37

HINTS AND SOLUTIONS

Single Option Correct Type

p q r
1. We have, + + =1+i ⇒ x2 = 2 [(x + 1)2 + 1] = 2 (x2 + 2x + 2)
a b c
2
\ x2 + 4x + 4 = 0
⎛ p q r⎞ ⇒ (x + 2)2 = 0
⇒ ⎜⎝ + + ⎟⎠ = 1 – 1 + 2i = 2i
a b c or x = –2
p2 q2 r2 ⎛ qr rp pq ⎞ \ z = –2 – i.
⇒ + + + 2⎜ + + = 2i
a 2
b 2
c 2⎝ bc ca ab ⎟⎠ The correct option is (B)
2
q2 r2 2 pqr ⎛ a b c ⎞ z
⇒
p
+ + + + + = 2i 7. If 1 = z, the given equation becomes
a 2
b 2
c 2
abc ⎜⎝ p q r ⎟⎠ z2
2 2
z2 – z + 1 = 0 i.e., z = – w and – w2
p q r2 z1
⇒ 2
+ 2
+
= 2i or, = – w ⇒ z1 = – z2w
a b c2 z2
The correct option is (A) OB = |z2 – 0| = |z2|
2. sin x + i cos 2x and cos x – i sin 2x are conjugate of each OA = |z1 – 0| = |– z2w | = |z2| |–w | = |z2|
other and AB = |z2 – z1| = |z2 + z2w |
if sin x + i cos 2x = cos x − i sin 2 x = |z2| |1 + w | = |z2| |–w2| = |z2|
⇒ sin x + i cos 2x = cos x + i sin 2x Thus z1, z2 and origin form an equilateral triangle.
⇒ sin x = cos x and cos 2x = sin 2x The correct option is (D)
⇒ tan x = 1 and tan 2x = 1, 8. Let a = r cos q and b = r sin q
which is not possible for any value of x. b
\ tan q =
The correct option is (D) a
3. Since |z1 + z2| = |z1| + |z2|, a − ib r (cos q − i sin q )
Now = = (cos q – i sinq)2
\ P, O, Q where P is the affix of z1, O is the affix of origin a + ib r (cos q + i sin q )
and Q the affix of z2 must lie in the same straight line. Thus, = cos 2q – i sin 2q = e– 2iq
arg z1 – arg z2 = ± p. a − ib
\ i log = i log e– 2iq = i (– 2 iq) = 2q
The correct option is (A) and (C) a + ib b
Let z = x + iy, then 2
4. ⎡ a − ib ⎤ 2 tan q a
\ tan ⎢i log = tan 2q = =
z2 + |z|2 = 0 ⇒ (x + iy)2 + |x + iy|2 = 0 ⎣ a + ib ⎥⎦ 1 − tan 2 q b2
1− 2
⇒ x2 – y2 + 2ixy + x2 + y2 = 0 2ab a
⇒ 2x2 + 2ixy = 0 = 2 2
a −b
⇒ 2x2 = 0 and 2xy = 0 The correct option is (C)
⇒ x = 0 and xy = 0
9. Since ( 3 + i)100 = 299 (a + ib)
Clearly y can be any real number. Hence, we will get
infinitely many solutions. \ ( 3 – i)100 = 299 (a – ib)
The correct option is (D) \ ( 3 + i)100 – ( 3 – i)100 = 299 (2ib) = 2100 (ib)
5. As w is the nth root of unity so, wn – 1 = 0 ⇒ i100 [1 – 3 i]100 – i100 [–1 + 3 i]100 = 2100 (ib)
⇒ (w – 1) (1 + w + w2 +, …, + wn – 1) = 0 or (– 2w)100 – (2w2)100 = 2100 (ib)
Hence, 1 + w + w2 +, …, + wn – 1 = 0
or w – w2 = (ib) or 3 i = ib
or w – 1 = 0 i.e., w = 1
\ b= 3
The correct option is (B)
The correct option is (A)
6. Since z + 2 |z + 1| + i = 0 10. We have,
\ x + i (y + 1) + 2 |x + iy + 1| = 0 1 − i sin a (1 − i sin a ) (1 − 2i sin a )
=
\ y+1=0 (∵ |x + iy + 1| is real) 1 + 2i sin a (1 + 2i sin a ) (1 − 2i sin a )
\ y=–1 1 − 3i sin a − 2 sin 2 a
\ x + 2 |x – i + 1| = 0 =
1 − 4i 2 sin 2 a
3.38 Chapter 3

(1 − 2 sin 2 a ) − 3i sin a x1x2 … x6 = 55 [cos (5p + 5q) + i sin (5p + 5q)]

= ,
1 + 4 2 sin a = 55 (– cos 5q – i sin 5q)
which is purely real if sin a = 0, i.e., if a = np, where n is an = – 55(cos 5q + i sin 5q)
integer. The correct option is (B)
The correct option is (C) 16. Given |z1 + z2| = |z1| + |z2|
11. By the given condition, |z – 1| < |z – i|
Squaring, |z1 + z2|2 = (|z1| + |z2|)2
⇒ |x – 1 + iy| < |x + i (y – 1)|
⇒ |z1|2 + |z2|2 + 2Re |z1| |z2| = |z1|2 + |z2|2 + 2 |z1| |z2|
⇒ (x – 1)2 + y2 < x2 + (y – 1)2
⇒ 2Re |z1| | z2 | = 2 |z1| |z2|
⇒ –2x < – 2y ⇒ x > y ⇒ x – y > 0
⇒ |z1| | z2 | cos (q1 – q2) = |z1| |z2|
The correct option is (B)
⇒ cos (q1 – q2) = 1
12. Perimeter = 6 × distance of vertex 1 + 2i
⇒ q1 – q2 = 0 or q1 = q2
from the centre (0, 0).
or arg z1 = arg z2
= 6 [(1 – 0) + i (2 – 0)] = 6 5
The correct option is (C)
The correct option is (D)
13. Let z1 = x1 + iy1 17. For every a ∈ R, |a| = a 2
z2 = x2 + iy2 \ |a|2 = a2
z3 = x3 + iy3 Now (|x| – |y|)2 ≥ 0
z2 z3 = (x2 – iy2) (x3 + iy3) ⇒ |x|2 + |y|2 – 2 |x| |y| ≥ 0
= (x2x3 + y2y3) + i (x2y3 – x3y2) ⇒ 2 |x| |y| ≤ |x|2 + |y|2
⇒ Im ( z2 z3 ) = x2y3 – x3y2 ⇒ |x|2 + |y|2 + 2 |x| |y| ≤ 2 |x|2 + 2 |y|2
\ z1 Im ( z2 z3 ) = (x1 + iy1) (x2y3 – x3y2) ⇒ (|x| + |y|)2 ≤ 2 (x2 + y2)
Similarly
⇒ (|x| + |y|)2 ≤ 2 |z|2
z2 Im ( z3 z1 ) = (x2 + iy2) (x3y1 – x1y3)
\ |x| + |y| ≤ 2 |z|.
z3 Im ( z1z2 ) = (x3 + iy3) (x1y2 – x2y1)
The correct option is (B)
Adding we get the result = 0
18. We have, |1 + i|2 × |1 + 2i|2 × |1 + 3i|2 … |1 + ni|2
The correct option is (C)
2 z1 = |a + ib |2
14. ∵ is purely an imaginary number, ⇒ (1 + 1) × (1 + 4) × (1 + 9) … (1 + n2) = a2 + b2
3 z2
2z z1 3 ⇒ 2 × 5 × 10 … (1 + n2) = a 2 + b 2.
\ let 1 = ib or = ib (1) The correct option is (C)
3 z2 z2 2
4
19. |z1| = 1, |z2| = 1
z1 4
−1 3
4 ib − 1 ⇒ a2 + b2 = 1 (1)
z1 − z2 z2
\ = = 2 p2 + q2 = 1 (2)
z1 + z2 z1 3
ib + 1
+1
z2 2 Im ( z1 z2 ) = Im (a + ib) (p – iq) = bp – aq
4 \ bp – aq = 1 (3)
4 ⎛ 9b 2 ⎞
3
ib − 1 ⎜ + 1⎟ w1w 2 = (a + ip) (b – iq) = (ab + pq) + i (bp – aq)
⎜⎝ 4 ⎟⎠
2 = (ab + pq) + i (1)
= = =1
( )
4 4
3 ⎛ 9b 2 ⎞ \ Im w1w 2 = 1
ib + 1 + 1⎟
2 ⎜
⎜⎝ 4 ⎟⎠ The correct option is (D)
The correct option is (B)
20. We have, 3
a + ib = x + iy
15. x6 = (4 – 3i)5
a + ib = (x + iy)3 = (x3 – 3xy2) + i (3x2y – y3)
⎛ 4 3i ⎞
x6 = 56 ⎜ − ⎟ = 55 (cos q + i sin q)5 \ a = x3 – 3xy2 and b = 3x2y – y3
⎝5 5⎠
a b
⎛ 3⎞ \ = x2 – 3y2 and = 3x2 – y2
where q = –tan–1 ⎜ ⎟ = 55 (cos 5q + i sin 5q) x y
⎝ 4⎠
a b
x = 55/6 (cos 5q + i sin 5q)1/6 \ + = x2 – 3y2 + 3x2 – y2 = 4 (x2 – y2)
x y
⎡ ⎛ 2kp + 5q ⎞ ⎛ 2kp + 5q ⎞ ⎤ The correct option is (B)
= 55/6 ⎢cos ⎝⎜ ⎟ + i sin ⎝⎜
⎠ ⎠⎟ ⎥⎦
⎣ 6 6
 Complex Numbers 3.39

21. As (a – b)2 ≥ 0, a2 + b2 ≥ 2ab (1) 27. We have, z4 + 1 = 0 ⇒ z4 = –1

⇒ z = (cos p + i sin p)1/4
But |z| = a 2 + b 2 ; so from Eq. (1), |z|2 ≥ 2ab
1 1
\ |z| + a2 + b2 ≥ a2 + b2 + 2ab
2 ⇒ z = cos (2kp + p) + i sin (2kp + p), k = 0, 1, 2, 3.
4 4
or |z|2 + |z|2 ≥ (a + b)2; p p 3p 3p
⇒ z = cos + i sin , cos + i sin ,
\ 2 |z|2 ≥ (a + b)2 4 4 4 4
5p 5p 7p 7p
\ 2 |z| ≥ a + b as |z| is positive. cos + i sin , cos + i sin
1 4 4 4 4
\ |z| ≥ (a + b) 1 1 1 1
2 = (1 + i), (– 1 + i), (– 1 – i), (1 – i).
2 2 2 2
The correct option is (B) 1
Hence, the four roots of z4 + 1 = 0 are (±1 ± i).
z1 − z3 1 − i 3 z3 2
22. = The correct option is (C)
z2 − z3 2 π 28. Put 1 = r cos q and – 1 = r sin q
⎛ −p ⎞ ⎛ −p ⎞ 3 p
= cos ⎜ + sin ⎜ = e– i p/3 ⇒ r = 2 and q = –
⎝ 3 ⎟⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎟⎠ 4
Then given equation takes the form
z1 − z3
\ = e − i p /3 = 1 z1 z2 ⎡ ⎛ p⎞ ⎛ p⎞⎤
n
z2 − z3 ( 2 )n ⎢cos ⎜ − ⎟ + i sin ⎜ − ⎟ ⎥ = 2n
p ⎣ ⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 4⎠⎦
and angle between z1 – z3 and z2 – z3 is .
3 ⎡ np np ⎤
\ triangle is equilateral. or 2n/2 ⎢cos − i sin = 2n
The correct option is (C) ⎣ 4 4 ⎥⎦
23. Putting x = 1, w, w2 respectively, Equating real and imaginary parts, we get
np np
3n = a0 + a1 + a2 + … + a2n cos = 2n/2 and – sin =0
4 4
(1 + w + w2)n = a0 + a1 w + a2 w2 + … + a2n w2n
These are satisfied only for n = 0.
(1 + w2 + w4)n = a0 + a1 w2 + a2 w4 + … + a2n w4n
Hence, n = 0 is the only solution.
Adding these, 3n + (1 + w + w2)n + (1 + w2 + w4)n
The correct option is (A)
= 3a0 + a1 (1 + w + w2) + a2 (1 + w2 + w4)
4 4
+ a3 (1 + w3 + w6) + … 29. We have, 2 = z − ≥ |z| –
z z
\ 3n + 0n + 0n = 3a0 + 3a3 + 3a6 + …
4
\ 3n – 1 = a0 + a3 + a6 + … ⇒ |z| – ≤2
z
The correct option is (B)
⇒ |z|2 – 2 |z| – 4 ≤ 0 or (|z| – 1)2 – 5 ≤ 0
24. Let n 1 = x; \ xn = 1; \ xn – 1 = 0
⇒ (|z| – 1)2 ≤ 5 or |z| – 1 ≤ ⇒ |z| ≤ + 1
\ xn – 1 = (x – 1) (x – a1) (x – a2) … (x – an – 1)
\ (x – a1) (x – a2) (x – a3) … (x – an – 1) Hence the greatest value of |z| is 5 + 1.
x −1 1− x
n n The correct option is (C)
= = = 1 + x + x2 +, …, + xn – 1. p
x −1 1− x 30. We have, Arg (z + i) – Arg (z – i) =
2
Putting x = 1, we get
⎛ z + i⎞ p
(1 – a1) (1 – a2) (1 – a3) … (1 – an – 1) = n. ⇒ Arg ⎜ =
⎝ z − i ⎟⎠ 2
The correct option is (B)
25. The closest distance = length of the perpendicular from the ⎛ z + i⎞
\ Re ⎜ =0
origin on the line a z + a z + a a = 0 ⎝ z − i ⎟⎠

a( 0 ) + a | 0 | + a a | a |2 | a| ⎛ z + i⎞ ⎛ z + i⎞
= = = ⎜⎝ ⎟ +⎜ ⎟
2| a | 2| a | 2 z − i⎠ ⎝ z − i⎠ ⎛ z + i⎞ ⎛ z + i ⎞
⇒ = 0 ⇒⎜ + =0
The correct option is (B) 2 ⎝ z − i ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ z − i ⎟⎠
26. Given |z – 1| + |z + 3| ≤ 8 ⇒ (z + i) ( z + i) + (z – i) ( z – i) = 0
\ z lies inside or on the ellipse whose foci are (1, 0) and ⇒ z z + i (z + z ) – 1 + z z – i (z + z ) – 1 = 0
(–3, 0). Vertices are (–5, 0) and (3, 0). Now, |z – 4| is distance ⇒ 2 (z z ) = 2
of z from (4, 0). ⇒ z z = 1 or |z|2 = 1
Minimum distance is 1 and maximum is 9. ⇒ |z| = 1
The correct option is (C)
3.40 Chapter 3

The equation represents a circle centred at origin and radius | z − 1| + 4 1

⇒ < <1
1 unit. 3 | z − 1| − 2 2
The correct option is (A) (∵ loga x is a decreasing function if a < 1)
31. Let z = x + iy ⇒ |z – 1| + 4 < 3 |z – 1| – 2
z2 ⇒ 2 |z – 1| > 6 ⇒ |z – 1| > 3
Since is real = k (say), where k ∈ R
z −1 which is an exterior of a circle.
( x + iy ) 2 The correct option is (C)
\ =k
x + iy − 1 35. Suppose x is a real root
⇒ x2 + 2i xy – y2 = k (x – 1) + i ky Then x3 + ix – 1 = 0 ⇒ x3 – 1 = 0 and x = 0
⇒ x2 – y2 = k (x – 1) (1) There is no real number satisfying these two equations.
2xy = ky (2) The correct option is (C)
Eq. (2) gives either y = 0 or k = 2x 36. Let a, b, g be the roots
If k = 2x, then x2 – y2 = 2x2 – 2x \ a + b + g = –a
⇒ x2 + y2 – 2x = 0, which is a circle. \ |–a| = |a + b + g | ≤ |a| + |b | + |g | = 1 + 1 + 1
Thus, lies either on the real axis y = 0 or on a circle. \ |a| ≤ 3
The correct option is (C) The correct option is (A)
z1 − 2 z2 z z
32. Clearly =1 37. We have, 1 + 2 = 1
2 − z1z2 z2 z1
⎛ z1 − 2 z2 ⎞ ⎛ z1 − 2 z2 ⎞ ⇒ z12 + z22 = z1 z2
⇒ ⎜⎝ 2 − z z ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 2 − z z ⎟⎠ = 1
1 2 1 2 ⇒ z12 + z22 + z32 = z1 z2 + z2 z3 + z3 z1,
⇒ z1z1 − 2 z1z2 − 2 z1z2 + 4 z2 z2 where z3 = 0.
= 4 − 2 z1z2 − 2 z1z2 + z1z2 z1z2 ⇒ z1, z2 and the origin form an equilateral triangle.
⇒ |z1|2 + 4 |z2|2 = 4 + |z1|2 |z2|2 The correct option is (C)
⇒ |z1|2 [1 – |z2|2] = 4 [1 – |z2|2] 1 i 2n + 1
38. We have, S (n) = in + i–n = in + n
=
⇒ |z1|2 = 4 (∵ |z2| ≠ 1) i in
( −1) n + 1
⇒ |z1| = 2 = , n = 1, 2, 3, 4, …
in
The correct option is (B)
\ values of S (n) are 0, – 2, 2, 0, – 2, 2, …
33. Let z1 = x1 + iy1 and z2 = x2 + iy2
\ Total number of distinct values of S (n) is 3.
Now z1 + z2 = (x1 + x2) + i (y1 + y2)
The correct option is (C)
and z1 – z2 = (x1 – x2) + i (y1 – y2)
As |z1 + z2| = |z1 – z2|, we get 1 1 z1 + z2
39. We have, |z1 + z2| = + =
(x1 + x2)2 + (y1 + y2)2 = (x1 – x2)2 + (y1 – y2)2 z1 z2 z1 z2
or, x1 x2 + y1 y2 = 0 (1) ⎛ 1 ⎞
y1 ⇒ |z1 + z2| ⎜1 − =0
Now amp z1 – amp z2 = tan– 1 x – tan– 1 2
y ⎝ | z1 z2 | ⎟⎠
1 x2
y1 y2 ⇒ |z1 z2| = 1. (∵ z1 ≠ –z2)
−
x x2 The correct option is (B)
= tan– 1 1
y1 y2 40. We have, amp (z – 1) = amp (z + 3i)
1+ ⋅ y y+3
x1 x2 ⇒ tan–1 = tan– 1
x y − y2 x1 x −1 x
= tan– 1 2 1 ⇒ xy = (x – 1) (y + 3)
x1 x2 + y1 y2
= tan–1 ∞, by (1) ⇒ 3 (x – 1) = y
p \ (x – 1) : y = 1 : 3.
\ |amp z1 – amp z2| = .
2 The correct option is (C)
The correct option is (B) z1 + z3 z + z4
41. We have, z1 – z4 = z2 – z3 or = 2
34. We have, 2 2
⎛ | z − 1| + 4 ⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ i.e., the diagonals bisect each other.
log1/ 2 ⎜ > 1 = log1/ 2 ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 3 | z − 1| − 2 ⎟⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ \ It is a parallelogram.
 Complex Numbers 3.41

z4 − z1 p 48. Midpoint of P and P′ is centre of circle C such that

Also, amp =
z2 − z1 2 z1 + ( − z1 )
=0
⇒ angle at z1 is a right angle. 2
\ It is a rectangle and hence a cyclic quadrilateral. \ Centre of circle lies at origin.
The correct option is (C) and (D) Now, the equation of circle with centre at origin and radius
2p |z1| or |–z1| is
42. Given: |z| = 2 and arg (z) = .
3 |z – 0| = |z1|
2p
\ If z = r (cos q + i sinq), then r = 2 and q = ⇒ |z|2 = |z1|2 P(–z1)
3
⇒ z · z = z1 · z1
⎛ 2p 2p ⎞ ⎛ 1 3 ⎞
\ z = 2 ⎜ cos + i sin ⎟ = 2⎜− + i ⎟
⎝ 3 3⎠ ⎝ 2 2 ⎠ z z ⎛z ⎞
\ = 1 = ⎜ 1⎟ P(z1)
= (–1 + i 3) z1 z ⎝ z⎠
The correct option is (A) The correct option is (A)
⎛ | z | − | z | +1⎞
2 49. We have
2
43. log 3 ⎜ 2 + | z| ⎟ < 2 ⎛ p q r⎞
(1 + i)2 = ⎜ + + ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ a b c⎠
| z |2 − | z | +1
⇒ < ( 3 )2 p2 q2 r2 ⎛ qr rp pq ⎞
2 + | z| ⇒ 1 – 1 + 2i = + + + 2⎜ + +
a 2
b 2
c2 ⎝ bc ca ab ⎟⎠
⇒ |z|2 – |z| + 1 < 6 + 3 |z|
p2 q2 r2 2abc ⎛ a b c ⎞
⇒ |z|2 – 4 |z| – 5 < 0 ⇒ (|z| – 5) (|z| + 1) < 0 ⇒ 2i = + + + + +
a 2
b 2
c 2
pqr ⎜⎝ p q r ⎟⎠
⇒ |z| – 5 < 0, since |z| + 1 > 0 ⇒ |z| < 5
2 2
The correct option is (A) p q r2 2abc
= 2
+ 2
+ + (0)
a b c2 pqr
44. We have, |z| = 1, or x2 + y2 = 1
p2 q2 r2
or x2 + y2 – 1 = 0. ⇒ 2
+ 2
+
= 2i
a b c2
⎛ z − 1⎞ ⎡ ( x − 1) + iy ⎤ ⎡ ( x + 1) − iy ⎤ The correct option is (C)
Now ⎜ ⎟ = ⎢ ⎥×⎢ ⎥
⎝ z + 1⎠ ⎣ ( x + 1) + iy ⎦ ⎣ ( x + 1) − iy ⎦ 50. Interpretating according to Coni’s Theorem. Let the angle
( x 2 + y 2 − 1) + 2iy 2iy between the lines joining
= =
( x + 1) 2 + y 2 ( x + 1) 2 + y 2 z1, z2 and z1, –z2 be a
z1 − z2
(x2 + y2 – 1 = 0) \ = cos a + t sin a
z1 + z2
The correct option is (C)
Using Componendo and Dividendo, we have
45. Let z1 = x1 + iy1
2 z1 1 + cos a + i sin a
\ z1 = x1 – iy1 =
−2 z2 cos a − 1 + i sin a
Now z2 = z1 ⇒ z1 + z2 = z1 + z1
= x1 + iy1 + x1 – iy1 ⎛a⎞ a a
2 cos 2 ⎜ ⎟ + i 2 sin cos
z1 ⎝ 2⎠ 2 2
= 2x1, which is real. ⇒ =
z2 2⎛a⎞ a a
Hence, result holds if z2 = z1 . −2 sin ⎜ ⎟ + i sin cos
⎝ 2⎠ 2 2
The correct option is (B)
z1 a
46. |z – i| = |z + 5i| represents equation of perpendicular bisector ⇒ = i cot
z2 2
of points (0, 1) and (0, –5) i.e., y = –2, now |z| = 2 is x2 + a
y2 = 4 ⇒ iz1 = –cot z2
2
⇒ x2 + 4 = 4 ⇒ x = 0 But iz1 = kz2 ⎡ a ⎤
⎢⎣ where, k = − cot 2 (say)⎥⎦
\ z represents a single point (0, –2). a
Now, k = –cot
The correct option is (C) 2
a 2k
47. If a complex number z is rotated through an angle 180º, then ⇒ cot = –k ⇒ tan a = 2
it’s new position is –z. So, 2 – 4i is –2 + 4i and stretching it 5/2 2 k −1
2k
times means modulus 5/2 times of previous complex number ⇒ tan a = –
5 1− k2
i.e., (–2 + 4i) = –5 + 10i
2 ⎛ 2k ⎞
The correct option is (C) ⇒ a = tan–1 ⎜⎝ − 1 − k 2 ⎟⎠ = –2 tan–1 k
3.42 Chapter 3

z1 − z2 z1 + z3
Now, = cos a + i sin a ⇒ z2 =
z1 + z2 2
where a is the angle between (z1 – z2) and (z1 + z2). ⇒ B is the mid point of the line AC
⇒ a = –2tan–1k is the angle between (z1 – z2) and (z1 + z2). ⇒ A, B, C are collinear
The correct option is (C) \ z1, z2, z3 lie on a line
51. x2 – 3x + 1 = 0 The correct option is (A) and (C)

3 ± 3−4 3 i p p 55. If z is a root of (z – 1)25 = 2w2(z + 1)25, then

⇒ x= = ± = cos + i sin 25 25
2 2 2 6 6 ⎛ z − 1⎞ z −1
⎜⎝ ⎟ = 2w2 ⇒ = 2 |w2| = 2
⎛ n 1⎞
2
⎛ 1 ⎞ np z + 1⎠ z +1
⎜⎝ x − n ⎠⎟ = ⎜ x 2n + 2n − 2⎟ = –2 + 2 cos
x ⎝ x ⎠ 3 z −1
⇒ = 21/25
24
⎛ 1⎞
2 24
⎛ np ⎞ z +1
⇒ ∑ ⎜⎝ x n − x n ⎟⎠ = ∑ ⎜⎝ −2 + 2 cos 3⎠
⎟
As 21/25 ≠ 1, we get z lies on a circle.
n =1 n =1

⎡ p 2p 24p ⎤ The correct option is (B)

= –48 + 2 ⎢cos + cos + ... + cos
⎣ 3 3 3 ⎥⎦ 1 3
56. We have (A0 A1)2 = + = 1
4 4
⎡ ⎛ 2p 23p ⎞ ⎛ 24p ⎞ ⎤ ⇒ A0A1 = 1
+2 ⎢cos ⎜ + ⎟ .sin ⎜⎝ ⎟
⎣ ⎝ 3 6 ⎠ 6 ⎠ ⎥⎦ ⎛ 3⎞ 2 2
= – 48 ⎛ 3⎞ 9+3
p A0A1 = ⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟ = =3
sin ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 4
6
= 0 – 48 = – 48 Imaginary
The correct option is (B) axis
52. C1(0, 0) is centre of bigger circle and C2 (3, 4) is centre of
smaller circle –1 , 3 1, 3
A2 A1
2 2 2 2
C1B = r1 = 12 (radius of bigger circle)
C2A = r2 = 5 (radius of smaller circle)
C1C2 = 5, minimum value of |z1 – z2| = AB A3 A0 Real
(–1, 0) (1, 0) axis

C1 –1 3 –1 3
A4 A5
2 2 2 2
C2
A B ⇒ A0A2 = 3
Similarly, A0A4 = 3
Now, C1C2 + C2A + AB = C1B Thus, (A0A1) (A0A2) (A0A4) = 3
⇒ AB = 12 – 5 – 5 = 2 The correct option is (C)
The correct option is (B) b
57. z1 + z2 = – (1)
2 2 a
53. 2 z1 + i 3 z2 + 3 z1 + i 2 z2 c
z1z2 = (2)
a
= ( 2z + i 1 3 z2)( 2 z1 − i 3 z2 ) z2 = iz1 (3)
+ ( 3z +i 1 2 z )(
2 3 z1 − i 2z ) 2
From Eq. (1) and (2)
−b
2 2 z1(1 + i) =
= 5 (|z1|2 + |z2|2) > 5 · 2 z1 z2 = 10 |z1 z2| a
−b b2 −b 2
⇒ z1 = (1 – i) ⇒ z12 = (–2i) = i
Since A · M > G · M for |z1| ≠ |z2| 2a 4a2 2a 2
The correct option is (B) From Eq. (2) and (3)
54. Let z1, z2, z3 be affixes of points A, B, C respectively. Since, c −c −b 2 c b2
z1, z2, z3 are in A.P., therefore z12 = = i⇒ 2 i= i⇒a=
ai a 2a a 2c
2z2 = z1 + z3
The correct option is (A)
 Complex Numbers 3.43

58. z3 + 2z2 + 2z + 1 = 0 d2 ad
⇒ − +c=0
⇒ (z3 + 1) + 2z (z + 1) = 0 b 2
b
⇒ (z + 1) (z2 – z + 1 + 2z) = 0 or d2 – abd + b2c = 0
⇒ (z + 1) (z2 + z + 1) = 0 The correct option is (B)
⇒ z = –1, w, w2 63. |iz + z0| = |iz – i2 + z0 – 1|
Now equation z1985 + z100 + 1 = 0 gets satisfied by w and w2 = |i (z – i) + 5 + 3i – 1|
but not by –1. So, common roots are w and w2. = |i (z – i) + (4 + 3i)|
The correct option is (A) \ |iz + z0| ≤ |i (z – i)| + |4 + 3i|
z −1 ≤ 1.2 + 5 = 7
59. should be real
i \ Maximum value of |iz + z0| is 7
x + iy − 1
i.e., = y – i (x – 1) is real The correct option is (A)
i
⇒ x – 1 = 0 i.e., x = 1 ( )
64. z z − 2i = zz + 2iz = 2 (2 + i) gives
z −1 2 2
x + y – 2y = 4 and 2x = 2,
\ sin–1 = sin–1 y
i on equating the real and imaginary parts.
\ –1 ≤ y ≤ 1
\ y2 – 2y – 3 = 0 giving y = 3, –1
The correct option is (B)
The solutions are 1 + 3i and 1 – i.
60. Since, x2 – x + 1 = 0 (given)
The correct option is (C)
\ Solving for x, we have x = –w and x = –w2
65. Let the roots of the given equation be 1 + ip and 1 – ip, where
Case I: x = w p∈
5 2
⎛ 1 ⎞ ⇒ b = product of roots
\ S= ∑ ⎜⎝ w n + w n ⎟⎠ = (1 + ip)(1 – ip) = 1 + p2 > 1, ∀p ∈ 
n =1
5 ⇒ b ∈ (1, ∞)
( )
2
⇒ S = ∑ w n + w 2n
The correct option is (A)
n =1
66. (1 + w)7 = A + Bw
⇒ S = (–1)2 + (–1)2 + 22 + (–1)2 + (–1)2 (\ S = 8)
⇒ (–w2)7 = A + Bw
Case II: x = w2
2 ⇒ –w2 = A + Bw
5 ⎡
⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎤
n
\ S = ∑ ⎢w 2 n + ⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎥ ⇒ 1 + w = A + Bw
n =1 ⎢
⎝w ⎠ ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⇒ A = 1, B = 1
5 ⇒ (A, B) = (1, 1)
( )
2
⇒ S = ∑ w 2n + w n =8
The correct option is (C)
n =1

The correct option is (A) z2 z2

67. =
61. Points A, B and C are at equal distance from origin O and as z −1 z −1
∠ BOA = 45º clearly BC = AB. So, triangle is isoceles. ⇒ zzz − z 2 = zz z − z 2
⇒ | z |2 ( z − z ) − ( z − z )( z + z ) = 0
Imaginary
axis ⇒ ( z − z )[| z |2 − ( z + z )] = 0
Either z = z ⇒ real axis
C (0, 1) 1, 1 or |z|2 = z + z ⇒ zz − z − z = 0
B
2 2 represents a circle passing through origin.
The correct option is (A)
45° 68. C1: |z – i| = 2 ⇒ x2 + (y – 1)2 = 22
Real axis
O A (1, 0)
C2: |z – 1 – 2i| = 4 ⇒ (x – 1)2 +(y – 2)2 = 42
C1C2 = 2
The correct option is (C)
r1 = 2, r2 = 4
62. Let a be a real root of the given equation.
⇒ C1C2 < |r1 – r2|
Then, a2 + (a + ib) a + c + id = 0
⇒ one circle lies inside the other. Now point (2, 2) lies
⇒ a2 + aa + c = 0 and ba + d = 0 outside circle C1 and inside circle C2.
2
⎛ d⎞ ⎛ b⎞ ⇒ C1 lies inside C2
⇒ ⎜⎝ − ⎟⎠ + a ⎜⎝ − ⎟⎠ + c = 0
b d The correct option is (C)
3.44 Chapter 3

69. Put –i in place of i 1 1

z− =
−1 1− a | 1 − a|
Hence .
i +1 The correct option is (C)
The correct option is (C)
74. We have,
⎛ 4⎞ 4 4 4 |3| = |a1z3 + a2z2 + a3z + a4|
70. |z| = ⎜ z − ⎟ + ⇒ | z | = z − +
⎝ z⎠ z z z
⇒ 3 ≤ |a1z3| + |a2z2| + |a3z| + |a4|
4 4 4 ⇒ 3 ≤ |a1| |z3| + |a2| |z2| + |a3| |z| + |a4|
⇒ |z| ≤ z − + ⇒| z|≤ 2+
z |z| |z|
⇒ 3 ≤ |z|3 + |z|2 + |z| + 1 (∵ |ai| ≤ 1)
⇒ |z|2 – 2|z| – 4 ≤ 0 2 3 2
⇒ 3 < 1 + |z| + |z| + |z| < 1 + |z| + |z| + … ∞
[| z | − ( 5 + 1)][| z | − (1 − 5 )] ≤ 0 1 1
⇒ 3< ⇒ 1 – |z| <
⇒ 1− 5 ≤ | z |≤ 5 +1 1−| z| 3
The correct option is (B) 2
\ |z| >
71. We have, z1(z21 – 3z22) = 2 (1) 3
2 2 The correct option is (B)
and, z2(3z 1 – z 2) = 11 (2)
Multiplying (2) by i and adding it to (1), we get 75. We have, z4 = (z – 1)4
2 np i
z31 – 3z22z1 + i(3z21z2 – z32) = 2 + 11i ⎛ z − 1⎞ 1/4
⇒ ⎜⎝ ⎟ =1 = e
4 , n = 0, 1, 2, 3.
⇒ (z1 + iz2)3 = 2 + 11i (3) z ⎠
Again, multiplying (2) by i and subtracting it from (1), we Since for all these values of z,
get z −1
= 1 so they lie on the line bisecting perpendicularly
z31 – 3z22z1 – i(3z21z2 – z32) = 2 – 11i z
⇒ (z1 – iz2)3 = 2 – 11i (4) the join of z = 1 and z = 0.
Multiplying (3) and (4), we get The correct option is (A)
(z21 + z22)3 = 4 + 121 ⇒ z21 + z22 = 5. 2 2 2 2
76. We have, |z| = z + − ≤ z+ + .
The correct option is (D) z z z | z|
2
72. We have, 1 − c 2 = nc – 1 ⇒ |z| ≤ 2 + ⇒ |z|2 ≤ 2 |z| + 2
| z|
⇒ 1 – c2 = n2c2 + 1 – 2nc ⇒ |z|2 – 2 |z| + 1 ≤ 1 + 2 ⇒ (|z| – 1)2 ≤ 3
c 1
⇒ = (1) ⇒ – 3 ≤ |z| – 1 ≤ 3 ⇒ 1 – 3 ≤ |z| ≤ 1 + 3
2n 1 + n2 That is, the maximum value of |z| is 1 + 3
c ⎛ n⎞
Now, (1 + nz ) ⎜1 + ⎟ The correct option is (B)
2n ⎝ z⎠
77. We have, |z + z | + |z – z | = 8
1 ⎧ 2 ⎛ 1⎞ ⎫ ⇒ 2 |x| + 2 |y| = 8 or |x| + |y| = 4
= ⎨1 + n + n⎜ z + ⎟⎬
1+ n ⎩2 ⎝ z⎠⎭ The correct option is (C)

=
1
1 + n2
(1 + n 2
+ n( 2 cos q ) ) 78. Since z + 2 |z + 1| + i = 0
\ x + i (y + 1) + 2 |x + iy + 1| = 0
⎛ 2n ⎞ \ y+1=0 [∵ |x + iy + 1| is real]
= 1+ ⎜ ⎟ cos q = 1 + ccosq (Using (1))
\ y = –1
⎝ 1 + n2 ⎠
The correct option is (A) \ x + 2 |x – i + 1| = 0
1 − ak + 1
2 k ⇒ x2 = 2 [(x + 1)2 + 1] = 2 (x2 + 2x + 2)
73. We have, zk = 1 + a + a + … a =
1− a \ x2 + 4x + 4 = 0
1 −ak + 1 \ (x + 2)2 = 0
⇒ zk – =
1− a 1− a \ x = –2
1 | a |k + 1 1 \ z = –2 – i
⇒ zk − = < (∵ |a| < 1)
1− a |1 − a | |1 − a | The correct option is (B)
Therefore, vertices z1, z2, …, zn of the polygon lie within the 79. Let a = r cos q and b = r sin q
circle. b
\ tan q =
a
 Complex Numbers 3.45

a − ib r (cos q − i sin q ) = 3a0 + a1 (1 + w + w2) + a2 (1 + w2 + w4)

Now, = = (cos q – i sinq)2
a + ib r (cos q + i sin q ) + a3 (1 + w3 + w6) + …
= cos 2q – i sin 2q = e– 2iq \ 3n + 0n + 0n = 3a0 + 3a3 + 3a6 + …
a − ib \ 3n – 1 = a0 + a3 + a6 + …
\ i log = i log e– 2iq = i (– 2 iq) = 2q
a + ib The correct option is (B)
⎡ a − ib ⎤ 84. The closest distance = length of the perpendicular from the
\ tan ⎢i log = tan 2q origin on the line az + az + aa = 0
⎣ a + ib ⎥⎦
b a( 0 ) + a | 0 | + a a | a |2 | a |
2 = = =
2 tan q a 2| a | 2| a | 2
= =
1 − tan 2 q b2 The correct option is (B)
1− 2
a 85. Put 1 = r cos q and – 1 = r sin q
2ab p
= 2 ⇒ r = 2 and q = –
a − b2 4
The correct option is (C) Then, given equation takes the form
80. Given |z1 + z2| = |z1| + |z2| ⎡ ⎛ p⎞ ⎛ p⎞⎤
n

2 2 ( 2 )n ⎢cos ⎜ − ⎟ + i sin ⎜ − ⎟ ⎥ = 2n
Squaring, |z1 + z2| = (|z1| + |z2|) ⎣ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4⎠⎦
⇒ |z1|2 + |z2|2 + 2Re |z1| |z2| ⎡ np np ⎤
or, 2n/2 ⎢cos − i sin = 2n
= |z1|2 + |z2|2 + 2 |z1| |z2| ⎣ 4 4 ⎥⎦
⇒ 2Re |z1| | z2 | = 2 |z1| |z2| Equating real and imaginary parts, we get
⇒ |z1| | z2 | cos (q1 – q2) = |z1| |z2| np np
cos = 2n/2 and – sin =0
⇒ cos (q1 – q2) = 1 ⇒ q1 – q2 = 0 or q1 = q2 4 4
or, arg z1 = arg z2 These are satisfied only for n = 0
The correct option is (C) Hence, n = 0 is the only solution.
The correct option is (A)
81. For every a ∈ R, |a| = a 2 p
\ |a|2 = a2 86. We have, Arg (z + i) – Arg (z – i) =
2
Now, (|x| – |y|)2 ≥ 0 ⎛ z + i⎞ p
⇒ Arg ⎜ =
⇒ |x|2 + |y|2 – 2 |x| |y| ≥ 0 ⎝ z − i ⎟⎠ 2
⇒ 2 |x| |y| ≤ |x|2 + |y|2 ⎛ z + i⎞
\ Re ⎜ =0
⇒ |x|2 + |y|2 + 2 |x| |y| ≤ 2 |x|2 + 2 |y|2 ⎝ z − i ⎟⎠
⇒ (|x| + |y|)2 ≤ 2 (x2 + y2) ⇒ (|x| + |y|)2 ≤ 2 |z|2 ⎛ z + i⎞ ⎛ z + i⎞
\ |x| + |y| ≤ 2 |z| ⎜⎝ ⎟ +⎜ ⎟
z − i⎠ ⎝ z − i⎠
⇒ =0
The correct option is (B) 2
82. As (a – b)2 ≥ 0, a2 + b2 ≥ 2ab (i) ⎛ z + i⎞ ⎛ z + i ⎞
⇒ ⎜⎝ ⎟+ =0
2 2 2 z − i ⎠ ⎜⎝ z − i ⎟⎠
But |z| = a + b ; so from (i), |z| ≥ 2ab
\ |z|2 + a2 + b2 ≥ a2 + b2 + 2ab ⇒ (z + i) ( z + i) + (z – i) ( z – i) = 0
or, |z|2 + |z|2 ≥ (a + b)2; ⇒ z z + i (z + z ) – 1 + z z – i (z + z ) – 1 = 0
\ 2 |z|2 ≥ (a + b)2 ⇒ 2 (z z ) = 2 ⇒ z = 1 or |z|2 = 1
⇒ |z| = 1
\ 2 |z| ≥ a + b as |z| is positive.
The equation represents a circle centered at origin and radius
1
\ |z| ≥ (a + b) 1 unit
2 The correct option is (A)
The correct option is (B)
87. Let z1 = x1 + iy1 and z2 = x2 + iy2
83. Putting x = 1, w, w2, respectively,
Now z1 + z2 = (x1 + x2) + i (y1 + y2)
3n = a0 + a1 + a2 + … + a2n
and, z1 – z2 = (x1 – x2) + i (y1 – y2)
(1 + w + w2)n = a0 + a1 w + a2 w2 + … + a2n w2n As |z1 + z2| = |z1 – z2|, we get
(1 + w2 + w4)n = a0 + a1 w2 + a2 w4 + … + a2n w4n (x1 + x2)2 + (y1 + y2)2 = (x1 – x2)2 + (y1 – y2)2
Adding these, 3 + (1 + w + w ) + (1 + w + w )
n 2 n 2 4 n
or, x1 x2 + y1 y2 = 0 (1)
3.46 Chapter 3

y1 y p2 q2 r2
Now, amp z1 – amp z2 = tan– 1 – tan– 1 2 ⇒ + +
= 2i
x1 x2
y1 y2 a2 b2 c2
− The correct option is (C)
x1 x2 x y − y2 x1
= tan– 1 = tan– 1 2 1 92. Interpretating according to Coni’s theorem. Let the angle
y1 y2 x1 x2 + y1 y2
1+ ⋅ between the lines joining
x1 x2
z1, z2 and z1, –z2 be a
= tan–1 ∞, by (1) z1 − z2
p \ = cos a + t sin a
\ |amp z1 – amp z2| = z1 + z2
2
The correct option is (B) Using Componendo and Dividendo, we have
88. We have, 2 z1 1 + cos a + t sin a
⎛ 1⎞ =
− 3 > 1 = log1/ 2 ⎜ ⎟ −2 z2 cos a − 1 + t sin a
⎝ 2⎠
⎛ a⎞ a a
| z − 1| + 4 1 2 cos 2 ⎜ ⎟ + t 2 sin cos
⇒ < <1 z1 ⎝ 2⎠ 2 2
3 | z − 1| − 2 2 ⇒ =
z2 2⎛a⎞ a a
[∵ loga x is a decreasing function if a < 1] −2 sin ⎜ ⎟ + t sin cos
⎝ 2⎠ 2 2
⇒ |z – 1| + 4 < 3 |z – 1| – 2 z1 a a
⇒ = t cot ⇒ tz1 = – cot z2
⇒ 2 |z – 1| > 6 ⇒ |z – 1| > 3 z2 2 2
which is an exterior of a circle.
But tz1 = kz2 ⎧⎨where, k = − cot a (say)⎫⎬
The correct option is (C) ⎩ 2 ⎭
z
89. We have, 1 + 2 = 1
z a a
Now, k = –cot ⇒ cot = –k
z2 z1 2 2
⇒ z12 + z22 = z1 z2 2k 2k
⇒ tan a = 2 ⇒ tan a = –
⇒ z12 + z22 + z32 = z1 z2 + z2 z3 + z3 z1, k −1 1− k2
where z3 = 0. ⎛ 2k ⎞
⇒ a = tan–1 ⎜⎝ − 1 − k 2 ⎟⎠ = –2 tan–1 k
⇒ z1, z2 and the origin form an equilateral triangle.
The correct option is (C) z1 − z2
Now, = cos a + i sin a
z1 + z2
90. Mid-point of P and P′ is centre of circle C such that
where a is the angle between (z1 – z2) and (z1 + z2)
z1 + ( − z1 )
=0 ⇒ a = –2tan–1k is the angle between (z1 – z2) and (z1 + z2).
2
The correct option is (C)
\ Centre of circle lies at origin.
Now, the equation of circle with centre at origin and radius 93. x2 – 3x + 1 = 0
|z1| or |–z1| is 3 ± 3−4 3 i p p
|z – 0| = |z1| ⇒ x= = ± = cos + i sin
2 2 2 6 6
⇒ |z|2 = |z1|2 P(–z1)
⎛ n 1⎞
2
⎛ 1 ⎞
⎜⎝ x − n ⎟⎠ = ⎜ x 2 n + 2 n − 2⎟
⇒ z · z = z1 · z1 x ⎝ x ⎠
z ⎛z ⎞ np
\
z
= 1 = ⎜ 1⎟ P(z1) = –2 + 2 cos
z1 z ⎝ z⎠ 3
2
24
⎛ 1⎞ 24
⎛ np ⎞
The correct option is (A) ⇒ ∑ ⎜⎝ x n − x n ⎟⎠ = ∑ ⎜⎝ −2 + 2 cos 3⎠
⎟
91. We have, n =1 n =1
2
⎛ p q r⎞ ⎡ p 2p 24p ⎤
(1 + i)2 = ⎜ + + ⎟ = –48 + 2 ⎢cos + cos + ... + cos
⎝ a b c⎠ ⎣ 3 3 3 ⎥⎦
p2 q2 r2 ⎛ qr rp pq ⎞ ⎡ ⎛ 2p 23p ⎞ ⎛ 24p ⎞ ⎤
⇒ 1 – 1 + 2i = + + + 2⎜ + + +2 ⎢cos ⎜ +
a 2
b 2
c2 ⎝ bc ca ab ⎟⎠ ⎣ ⎝ 3 6
⎟⎠ .sin ⎜⎝ ⎟
6 ⎠ ⎥⎦
= – 48
p 2
q 2
r 2
2abc ⎛ a q r ⎞ p
⇒ 2i = + + + + + sin
a 2
b 2
c 2
pqr ⎜⎝ p b c ⎟⎠ = 0 – 48 = –48
6
2 2 2
p q r 2abc The correct option is (B)
= + + + (0)
a2 b2 c2 pqr
 Complex Numbers 3.47

2 2 OB = |z2 – 0| = |z2|
94. 2 z1 + i 3 z2 + 3 z1 + i 2 z2
OA = |z1 – 0| = |–z2w| = |z2| |–w |
= ( 2z + i 1 3 z2)( 2 z1 − i 3 z2 ) = |z2|

2 z )( 2z )
and, AB = |z2 – z1| = |z2 + z2w|
+ ( 3z +i 1 2 3 z1 − i 2
= |z2| |1 + w | = |z2| |–w2| = |z2|
2 2 2 2
= 5 (|z1| + |z2| ) > 5 · 2 z1 z2 = 10 |z1 z2| Thus, z1, z2 and origin form an equilateral triangle.
The correct option is (D)
Since A · M > G · M for |z1| ≠ |z2|
The correct option is (B) z1 − z2 z /z − 1
99. We have, =1⇒ 1 2 =1
z1 + z2 z1/ z2 + 1
95. If z is a root of (z – 1) = 2w (z + 1) , then
25 2 25

⎛ z − 1⎞
25
z −1
25 z1 z
= 2w2 ⇒ = 2 |w2| = 2 ⇒ −1 = 1 +1
⎜⎝ ⎟ z2 z2
z + 1⎠ z +1
z1
z −1 ⇒ lies on the perpendicular bisector of the segment
⇒ = 21/25 z2
z +1 joining A (–1 + 0i) and B (1 + 0i).
As 21/25 ≠ 1, we get z lies on a circle. z1
\ = ai for some a ∈ R
The correct option is (B) z2
z2 1 −i
b ⇒ = =
96. z1 + z2 = – (1) z1 ai a
a
c \ z2 = i kz1 for some k ∈ R
z1z2 = (2)
a The correct option is (A)
z2 = iz1 (3)
100. We have,
From equations (1) and (3), we have b + ic
−b −b 1+ i
z1(1 + i) = ⇒ z1 = (1 – i) 1 + iz 1+ a 1 + a − c + ib
= =
a 2a 1 − iz 1 − i b + ic 1 + a + c − ib
b2 −b 2 1+ a
⇒ z12 = 2
(–2i) =
i
4a 2a 2 [1 + a − c + ib] [1 + a + c + ib]
=
From equations (2) and (3), we have [1 + a + c − ib] [1 + a + c + ib]
c −c z0
z12 = = i = (1)
ai a (1 + a + c) 2 + b 2
2 2
−b −c Now, R (z0) = (1 + a – c) (1 + a + c) – b2
⇒ 2
i= 2
i
2a a = (1 + a)2 – c2 – b2 = 1 + a2 + 2a – (1 – a2)
b2 = 2a2 + 2a = 2a (1 + a)
\ a=
2c and, Im(z0) = 2b (1 + a).
The correct option is (A)
z3
Thus, z0 = 2 (1 + a) (a + ib)
z1 − z3 1 − i 3 Also, denominator of (1) = 1 + a2 + c2 + 2a + 2c + 2ac + b2
97. =
z2 − z3 2 π = 2 + 2a + 2c + 2ac
3
⎛ −p ⎞ ⎛ −p ⎞ = 2 (1 + a) (1 + c)
= cos ⎜ + sin ⎜ = e–ip/3
⎝ 3 ⎟⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎟⎠ 1 + iz a + ib
Therefore, =
z1 − z3 z1 z2 1 − iz 1+ c
\ = e − i p /3 = 1
z2 − z3 The correct option is (B)
p 101. We have,
and angle between z1 – z3 and z2 – z3 is .
\ triangle is equilateral.
3
(
|z1 + z2 wk|2 = ( z1 + z2 w k ) z1 + z2 w k )
The correct option is (C)
z = ( z1 + z2 w k ) ( z1 + z2 w − k )
98. If 1 = z, the given equation becomes
z2 ⎡ w k = e i ( 2p k / n ) ⇒ w k = e − i ( 2p k / n ) = w − k ⎤
⎣ ⎦⎥
z – z + 1 = 0 i.e., z = – w and – w
2 2

or,
z1
= – w ⇒ z1 = – z2w = | z1 |2 + | z2 |2 + z1 z2 w k + z1z2 w − k
z2
3.48 Chapter 3

Therefore, we have, Putting x = w on both sides, we have

n −1 n −1 xn − 1 ⎛ 0 ⎞
∑ | z1 + z2w k |2 = n (| z1 |2 + | z2 |2 ) + z1z2 ∑ wk (w – 1) (w – w2) … (w – wn–1) = lim
x→w
⎜ ⎟
x − w ⎝ 0⎠
k =0 k =0
n −1 nx n −1
= lim = nwn–1
+ z1z2 ∑ w −k x→w 1
k =0
The correct option is (A)
⎡ n −1 n −1 ⎤
= n (| z1 |2 + | z2 |2 ) ⎢ ∑ w k = 0 = ∑ w − k ⎥ . 105. We have,
⎣k =0 k =0 ⎦ z – i = eia ⇒ z = i + eia
The correct option is (B) = cos a + i (1 + sin a)
102. We have, |z – z1|2 + |z – z2|2 = k ⎛ 1 + sin a ⎞
\ q = arg (z) = tan −1 ⎜
⇒ 2 2 2
2 | z | + | z1 | + | z2 | − 2 Re( z z1 ) − 2 Re( z z2 ) = k ⎝ cos a ⎟⎠
1 + sin a
⇒ 2 | z |2 − 2 Re { z ( z1 + z2 )} = k − (| z1 |2 + | z2 |2 ) ⇒ tan q =
cos a
1
⇒ | z |2 − Re { z ( z1 + z2 )} = ( k − | z1 |2 − | z2 |2 ) 2
\ cot q − =
cos a
−
2
2 z 1 + sin a cos a + i (1 + sin a )
2
z1 + z2 1 1
⇒ z− − | z1 + z2 |2 = ( k − | z1 |2 − | z2 |2 ) cos a 2 [cos a − i (1 + sin a )]
2 4 2 = −
2
1 + sin a cos 2 a + (1 + sin a ) 2
z1 + z2
⇒ z−
2
=
1
2
k−
1
4
{
| z1 |2 + | z2 |2 − 2 Re( z1 z2 )}
=
cos a
−
2 [cos a − i (1 + sin a )]
1 + sin a 2 (1 + sin a )
1 1 = i.
= k − | z1 − z2 |2
2 4 The correct option is (B)
2
z1 + z2 1 106. We have,
⇒ z− = ( 2k − | z1 − z2 |2 )
2 4 4 + 3i ( 4 + 3i ) (1 − 2i )
z1 + z2 z1 = =
which will represent a real circle having centre at 1 + 2i (1 + 2i ) (1 − 2i )
2
10 − 5i
1 1 = =2–i
and radius = 2k − | z1 − z2 |2 , provided k ≥ | z1 − z2 |2 5
2 2 which represents the point whose coordinates are (2, –1)
The correct option is (A) Also, we have,
103. Let a z + b be the remainder when f (z) is divided by z2 + 1. iz = z
Then, we have
⇒ i(x + iy) – (x – iy) = 0 [Putting z = x + iy]
f (z) = (z2 + 1) g(z) + Az + B
⇒ i(x + y) – (x + y) = 0
Given: f (z) when divided by z – i gives remainder i
⇒ (i – 1) (x + y) = 0
⇒ f (i) = i
which represents the line y = –x
⇒ (i2 + 1) g(i) + Ai + B = i
Hence, reflection of the point (2, –1) in the line y = –x gives
⇒ Ai + B = i (1) the point (1, –2) which is equivalent to 1 – 2i in the argand
Also, f (z) when divided by z + i gives remainder i + 1 plane.
⇒ f (– i) = i + 1 The correct option is (D)
⇒ (i2 + 1) g(– i) – B = i + 1 1 3
⇒ –Ai + B = i + 1 (2) 107. We know that w = − + i
2 2
Solving equations (1) and (2), we get 334 365
⎛ 1 i 3⎞ ⎛ 1 i 3⎞
A = i/2 and B = i + 1/2 Thus, 4 + 5 ⎜ − + + 3 ⎜− +
⎛ i⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎝ 2 2 ⎟⎠ ⎝ 2 2 ⎟⎠
\ remainder is ⎜ ⎟ z + ⎜ i + ⎟
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ = 4 + 5w334 + 3w365
The correct option is (C) = 4 + 5 (w3)111 w + 3 (w3)123 w2
104. We have, = 4 + 5 (1)111 w + 3 (1)123 w2
xn – 1 = (x – 1) (x – w) (x – w2) … (x – wn–1) = 4 + 5w + 3w2 = 1 + 2w + 3 (1 + w + w2)
xn − 1 = 1 + 2w + 3 (0) = 1 + 2w = 1 – 1 + 3 i = 3 i.
⇒ = (x – 1) (x – w2) … (x – wn–1)
x−w The correct option is (C)
 Complex Numbers 3.49

108. The given line is ⎛ a⎞ a

⇒ p2 ⎜1 + cot 2 ⎟ = 4q cot2
bz+bz =c (1) ⎝ 2⎠ 2
Let A (z1) be a reflection of a
B (z2) in the line (1). ⇒ p2 cosec2 = 4q cot2
2
Let P (z) be any point on the line a
⇒ p2 = 4q cos2
(1). We have, 2
\ k = 4q
AP = BP
The correct option is (C)
⇒ |AP|2 = |BP|2
110. Since |z1| = |z2| = |z3| = 1,
⇒ |z – z1|2 = |z – z2|2 we get, z1 z1 = z2 z2 = z3 z3 = 1.
⇒ (z – z1) ( z – z1 ) = (z – z2) ( z – z2 ) 1 1 1
⇒ ( z2 – z1 ) z + (z2 – z1) z + z1 z – z2 z2 = 0 (2) Now, 1 = + + = | z1 + z2 + z3 |
z1 z2 z3
Since (1) and (2) represent the same line, we get
b b c = z1 + z2 + z3 = |z1 + z2 + z3|.
= = = k (say)
z2 − z1 z2 − z1 z1 z1 − z2 z2 The correct option is (A)
⇒ k ( z2 – z1 ) = b , k (z2 – z1) = b, k (z1 z1 – z2 z2 ) = c 111. Let z = r1 (cos a + i sin a)
Now, z1 b + z2 b and, w = r2 (cos b + i sin b) ⇒ Arg z = a, Arg w = b
|z| = r1, |w| = r2.
= z1 {k (z2 – z1)} + z2 {k ( z2 – z1 )}
Given: |z| ≤ 1, |w | ≤ 1 ⇒ r1 ≤ 1, r2 ≤ 1
= k { z1 z2 – z1 z1 + z2 z2 – z2 z1 }
Now, consider |z – w |2 = |(r1 cos a – r2 cos b)
= k (z2 z2 – z1 z1 ) = c.
+ i (r1 sin a – r2 sin b )2|
The correct option is (C)
= (r1 cos a – r2 cos b)2 + (r1 sin a – r2 sin b)2
109. We have, z1 + z2 = – p and z1 z2 = q
We know that = r12 (cos2a + sin2a) + r22 (cos2b + sin2b)
–2 r1 r2 (cos a cos b + sin a sin b)
z1 | z1 |
= (cos a + i sin a) = r12 + r22 – 2 r1 r2 cos (a – b)
z2 | z2 |
Since |z1| = |z2| (∵ OA = OB) = (r1 – r2)2 + 2 r1 r2 [1 – cos (a – b)]
z cos a + i sin a ⎛ a − b⎞
we get 1 = = (r1 – r2)2 + 4 r1 r2 sin2 ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
z2 1
2
Applying Componendo and Dividendo, we get ⎛ a − b⎞
≤ (r1 – r2)2 + 4 × 1 × 1 ⎜
z1 + z2 cos a + i sin a + 1 ⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
=
z1 − z2 cos a + i sin a − 1 or, |z – w|2 ≤ (|z| – |w|)2 + (Arg z – Arg w)2.
a a a The correct option is (B)
2 cos 2 + 2i sin cos
= 2 2 2 112. A(z1), B(z2), C(z3) lie on |z| = 2 whose centre is at O(0, 0)
a a a
−2 sin 2 + 2i sin cos and radius 2.
2 2 2 p
z1 = 1 + 3 i hence |z| = 2 and Arg (z1) =
a ⎡ a a⎤ 3
2 cos cos + i sin
2 ⎢⎣ 2 2 ⎥⎦ a
= = –i cot
a ⎡ a a⎤ 2
2i sin ⎢cos + i sin
2 ⎣ 2 2 ⎥⎦
p a
⇒ = i cot
z1 − z2 2
Squaring we obtain
p2 a
= –cot2
( z1 + z2 ) 2 − 4 z1z2 2
p2 a
⇒ 2
= –cot2 In turn |z2| = |z3| = 2 and Arg (z2) = Arg (z1) + 120º = 180º
p − 4q 2
\ z2 = –2
a a
⇒ p2 = – p2 cot2 + 4q cot2 Further, Arg (z3) = Arg (z2) + 120º = 300º
2 2
3.50 Chapter 3

which gives imaginary values of a and b.

⎡ ⎛ p⎞ ⎛ p⎞⎤
Hence, z3 = 2 ⎢cos ⎜ 2p − ⎟ + i sin ⎜ 2p − ⎟ ⎥ Hence, a = b = 2 – 3
⎣ ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 3⎠⎦
The correct option is (B)
⎡ p p⎤ ⎛ 1 i 3⎞
= 2 ⎢cos − i sin ⎥ = 2 ⎜ − 115. Let z1 = x1 + iy1 and z2 = x2 + iy2
⎣ 3 3⎦ ⎝2 2 ⎟⎠
where, x1 ≠ x2, y1 ≠ y2 and x12 + y12 = x22 + y22
=1– 3i
z1 + z2 ( x + x2 ) + i ( y1 + y2 )
Thus, z2 = –2 and z3 = 1 – i 3 Now, = 1
z1 − z2 ( x1 − x2 ) + i ( y1 − y2 )
The correct option is (A)
113. We know that, =
[( x1 + x2 ) + i ( y1 + y2 )] [( x1 − x2 ) − i ( y1 − y2 )]
(1 + x)3n = 1 + 3nC1 x + 3nC2 x2 + … + 3nC3n x3n (1) ( x1 − x2 ) 2 + ( y1 − y2 ) 2
(1 – x)3n = 1 – 3nC1 x + 3nC2 x2 + … + (– 1)3n 3nC3n x3n (2) [( x12 − x22 ) + ( y12 − y22 )] + i [ x1 y1 − y1x2 + y2 x1
Subtracting (2) from (1) gives − y2 x2 − x1 y1 + x1 y2 − x2 y1 + x2 y2 ]
3n 3n 3n 3n 3 3n 5
=
(1 + x) – (1 – x) = 2 [ C1 x + C3 x + C5 x + …] ( x1 − x2 ) 2 + ( y1 − y2 ) 2
3n 3n 2 3n 4
= 2x [ C1 + C3 x + C5 x + …] 2 i ( x1 y2 − y1x2 )
=
Putting x = i 3 , we get ( x1 − x2 ) 2 + ( y1 − y2 ) 2
x1 y
(1 + i 3 )3n – (1 – i 3 )3n = a purely imaginary or 0 if = 1.
x2 y2
= 2i 3 [3nC1 – 3 × 3nC3 + 32 × 3nC5 …] x1 y
If = 1 then x1 + iy1 = k (x2 + iy2)
Therefore, 3nC1 – 3 3nC3 + 32 × 3nC5 … x2 y2
1 If k = 1, z1 = z2, which is not true and if k ≠ 1, |z1| ≠ |z2|.
= [(1 + i 3 )3n – (1 – i 3 )3n]
2i 3
z1 + z2
⎡⎛
1 i 3 ⎞ ⎛ 1 i 3 ⎞ ⎤⎥
3n
1 \ is purely imaginary.
= × 23n ⎢⎜ + − − z1 − z2
2i 3 ⎢⎝ 2 2 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 2 2 ⎟⎠ ⎥
⎣ ⎦ The correct option is (D)
23n −1 116. Since |CA| = |CB| and ∠ACB = 90º
= [(cos np + i sin np) – (cos np – i sin np)]
i 3 \ (z2 – z3) = ± i (z1 – z3)
23n −1 ⇒ (z2 – z3)2 = – (z1 – z3)2
= 2i sin np = 0 as n is an integer.
i 3 ⇒ z22 + z32 − 2 z2 z3 = − z12 − z32 − 2 z1 z3
The correct option is (A) z12 + z22 − 2 z1 z2 = 2 ( z1 z3 − z1 z2 − z2 z3 + z22 )
114. We know that the triangle with vertices z1, z2, z3 is an
⇒ (z1 – z2)2 = 2 [z1 – z3] [z3 – z2]
equilateral if
The correct option is (B)
z12 + z22 + z32 = z1 z2 + z2 z3 + z3 z1
117. Let A = z1, B = z2 and C = z3,
\ The triangle with vertices z1 = a + i, z2 = 1 + bi and
z3 = 0 will be equilateral if where A, B, C are vertices of equilateral triangle.
(a + i)2 + (1 + bi)2 + 0 = (a + i) (1 + bi) + 0 + 0 Given that third point C is origin, so z3 = 0.
⇒ a2 – 1 + 2ai + 1 – b2 + 2bi = (a – b) + i (1 + ab) Let z2 – z3 = a, z3 – z1 = b, z1 – z2 = g
⇒ a2 – b2 = a – b (1) or, z2 = a, – z1 = b, z1 – z2 = g
and 2 (a + b) = 1 + ab (2) \ a + b + g = z2 – z1 + z1 – z2 = 0
[Equating real and imaginary parts] or, a + b + g = 0 (1)
(1) ⇒ (a – b) [a + b – 1] = 0 Since the triangle is equilateral triangle,
⇒ a = b or a = 1 – b. \ BC = CA = AB
Subsitituting the value of a – b in (2), we get or, |(z2 – 0)| = |0 – z1| = |z1 – z2|
2 (a + a) = 1 + a2 ⇒ a2 – 4a + 1 = 0 or, |a| = |b | = |g |
4 ± 16 − 4 or, |a|2 = |b |2 = |g |2
⇒ a= =2± 3
2 or, a a =b b =g g = k (say)
Since 0 < a < 1 and 0 < b < 1,
k k k
\ a=b=2– 3. \ a = , b = , g =
a b g
Substituting a + b = 1 in (2), we get
2 = 1 + a (1 – a) ⇒ a2 – a + 1 = 0
 Complex Numbers 3.51

Substituting values of a , b and g in (1), we get ⎛ 2p 9p ⎞ 10p ⎛ 2p 9p ⎞ 10p

sin ⎜ + sin cos ⎜ + sin
k k k ⎝ 11 11 ⎟⎠ 11 ⎝ 11 11 ⎟⎠ 11
+ + =0 = −i
a b g p p
sin sin
11 11
1 1 1
or, + + =0 = 0 – i (– 1) = i (1)
a b g p
32 ⎡ 10 ⎛ 2qp 2qp ⎞ ⎤
1 1 1 \ S = ∑ (3 p + 2) ⎢ ∑ ⎜ sin − i cos ⎟⎥
or, + + =0 ⎢⎣ q =1 ⎝ 11 11 ⎠ ⎥⎦
z2 − z1 z1 − z2 p =1
32 32 32
z1 ( z1 − z2 ) − z2 ( z1 − z2 ) + z1 z2
or, =0 = ∑ (3 p + 2) i p =3 ∑ pi p + 2 ∑ i p
z1 z2 ( z1 − z2 ) p =1 p =1 p =1

or, z12 – z1 z2 – z1 z2 + z22 + z1 z2 = 0 = 3A + 2B (2)

Now, A = i + 2i2 + 3i3 + … + 32i32
or, z12 + z22 = z1 z2
⇒ Ai = i2 + 2i3 + … + 31i32 + 32i33
z12 z2 ⇒ A (1 – i) = i + i2 + … + i32 – 32i33
or, + 2 =1
z1 z2 z1 z2
i 32 − 1
z1 z2 = – 32i = – 32i [∵ i32 = 1]
or, + =1 i −1
z2 z1 −32i 32i (1 + i )
\ A= = = 16 (1 – i) (3)
A B 1− i 2
or, + = 1.
B A and, B = i + i2 + … + i32 = 0 (4)
The correct option is (A) Hence, S = 3 × 16 (1 – i) = 48 (1 – i).
118. Given 2 2 x4 = ( 3 – 1) + i ( 3 + 1) The correct option is (C)
120. Since the triangle is equilateral
⎛ 3 − 1⎞ ⎛ 3 + 1⎞
⇒ x4 = ⎜ ⎟ + i⎜ ⎟ \ |z1 – 0| = |z2 – z1| = |0 – z2|
⎝ 2 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 2 ⎠
⇒ |z1|2 = |z2 – z1|2 = |z2|2
2 2
⎛ 3 − 1⎞ ⎛ 3 + 1⎞ ⇒ z1 z1 = (z2 – z1) × ( z2 – z1 ) = z2 z2
⇒ |x4|2 = ⎜ ⎟ +⎜ ⎟ =1
⎝ 2 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 2 ⎠ z z z −z
Now, z1 z = z2 z2 ⇒ 1 = 2 = 1 2 .
\ |x4| = 1 1 z2 z1 z2 − z1
⎡⎛ 3 + 1⎞ ⎛ 3 − 1⎞ ⎤ ( z1 − z2 ) z2
Also, z2 z2 = (z2 – z1) ( z2 – z1 ) = (z2 – z1)
and, arg (x4) = tan– 1 ⎢⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟⎥ z1
⎢⎣⎝ 2 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 2 ⎠ ⎥⎦
\ z1 z2 = (z2 – z1) (z1 – z2) = z2 z1 – z12 − z22 + z1 z2
⎛ 3 + 1⎞ 5p ⇒ z12 + z22 = z1 z2.
= tan– 1 ⎜ ⎟ = 75º = 12
⎝ 3 − 1⎠ The correct option is (B)
⎡ ⎛ 5p ⎞ ⎛ 5p ⎞ ⎤ 121. We have, max. amp (z) = amp (z2),
\ x4 = 1 ⎢cos ⎜ 2np + ⎟ + i sin ⎜ 2np + ⎟ ⎥ min. amp (z) = amp (z1).
⎣ ⎝ 12 ⎠ ⎝ 12 ⎠ ⎦
Using (cos q + i sin q) = cos nq + i sin nq, we have
n

1⎛ 5p ⎞ 1⎛ 5p ⎞
x = cos ⎜ 2np + ⎟⎠ + i sin ⎜⎝ 2np + ⎟⎠ ;
4⎝ 12 4 12
n = 0, 1, 2, 3
The correct option is (B)
10
⎛ 2qp 2qp ⎞
119. ∑ ⎜⎝ sin 11
− i cos ⎟
11 ⎠ ⎛ 15 ⎞ ⎛ 3⎞
q =1 Now, amp (z1) = q1 = cos–1 ⎜ ⎟ = cos–1 ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 25 ⎠ ⎝ 5⎠
⎧ 2p 4p ⎫ p
= ⎨sin + sin + ... + 10 terms⎬ and, amp (z2) = + q2
⎩ 11 11 ⎭ 2
p ⎛ 15 ⎞
⎧ 2p 4p ⎫ = + sin–1 ⎜ ⎟
i ⎨cos + cos + ... + 10 terms⎬ 2 ⎝ 25 ⎠
⎩ 11 11 ⎭ p ⎛ 3⎞
= + sin–1 ⎜ ⎟
2 ⎝ 5⎠
3.52 Chapter 3

p 3 3 z
lies in the IIIrd quadrant if A < 0
\ |max. amp (z) – min. amp (z)| = + sin −1 − cos −1 Now,
2 5 5 z
p p 3 3 i.e., if x2 – y2 < 0 or x2 < y2 i.e., if x < y < 0.
= + − − cos −1 − cos −1
2 2 5 5 The correct option is (C)
⎛ 3⎞ 125. Let BA = BC
= p – 2 cos–1 ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 5⎠ ⇒ |z1 – z2|2 = |z3 – z2|2
The correct option is (C) ⇒ (z1 – z2) ( z1 – z2 ) = (z3 – z2) ( z3 – z2 ) (1)
122. Putting z = x + iy, we get Again,
(x + iy)2 + (p + iq) (x + iy) + r + is = 0 \ ∠ABC = 90º
⇒ (x2 – y2 + px – q y + r) + i (2xy + py + qx + s) = 0 BA
\ arg = 90º
⇒ x2 – y2 + px – q y + r = 0 (1) BC
z −z z −z
and, 2xy + py + qx + s = 0 (2) ⇒ arg 1 2 = 90º ⇒ real part of 1 2 = 0
z3 − z2 z3 − z2
If the roots are real, then y = 0
\ (1) gives x2 + px + r = 0 1 ⎡ z1 − z2 z1 − z2 ⎤
(3) ⇒ ⎢ + ⎥ =0
and (2) gives pqx + s = 0 (4) 2 ⎣ z3 − z2 z3 − z2 ⎦
s
From (4), x = –
q
s 2 ps
Putting in (3), we get 2 − +r =0
q q
or, r2 – pqs + rq2 = 0 ⇒ pqs = s2 + rq2.
The correct option is (A)
123. We know that |z1 + z2|2 + |z1 – z2|2
= 2 [|z1|2 + |z2|2] (1)
z1 − z2 z −z z −z z −z
2 ⇒ =– 1 2 ⇒ 1 2 = 2 3 (2)
Now, ⎡ z1 + z12 − z22 + z1 − z12 − z22 ⎤ z3 − z2 z3 − z2 z1 − z2 z3 − z2
⎣⎢ ⎦⎥
2 2 (1) × (2) ⇒ (z1 – z2)2 = – (z2 – z3)2
= z1 + z12 − z22 + z1 − z12 − z22 + 2 | z12 − ( z12 − z22 )|
⇒ z12 + z22 + z32 = 2 z2 (z1 + z3)
= 2 |z1|2 + 2 | z12 − z22 | + 2 | z22 | [By (1)] The correct option is (B)
= 2 |z1|2 + 2 |z2|2 + 2 | z12 − z22 | 126. Let z = r (cos q + i sin q), then
= |z1 + z2|2 + |z1 – z2|2 + 2 |z1 + z2| |z1 – z2| z + iz = r (cos q + i sin q) + ir (cos q + i sin q)
= (|z1 + z2| + |z1 – z2|)2 = r [(cos q – sin q) + i (sin q + cos q)]
Taking square root of both sides, we get ⎡ ⎛ p⎞ ⎛ p⎞⎤
= 2 r ⎢cos ⎜ q + ⎟ + i sin ⎜ q + ⎟ ⎥
⎣ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4⎠⎦
z1 + z12 − z22 + z1 − z12 − z22 = |z1 + z2| + |z1 – z2|.

The correct option is (D)

124. Since z = x + iy lies in the third quadrant
\ x < 0, y < 0. Again z = x – iy
z x − iy ( x − iy )( x − iy ) x 2 − y 2 − 2ixy
\ = = =
z x + iy x2 + y2 x2 + y2
x2 − y2 2 xy
= 2 2
− i = A + iB
x +y x + y2
2

x2 − y2 2 xy In DOPQ,
where, A = and B = – p
2 2 2 2 PQ2 = r2 + ( 2r ) 2 − 2r ( 2r ) cos
x +y x +y 4
Since x < 0, y < 0 = r2 + 2r2 – 2r2 = r2
− 2 xy \ PQ = r,
\ <0 p
x2 + y2 \ ∠OPQ =
2
\ B<0 The correct option is (C)
 Complex Numbers 3.53

127. Given |z + 1| < |z – 2| 131. We have, eiA, eiB, eiC are in A. P.

and, w = 3z + 2 + i ⇒ 2eiB = eiA + eiC
\ w =3z +2–i ⇒ 2 (cos B + i sin B)
\ w + w = 3 (z + z ) + 4 (i) = (cos A + cos C) + i (sin A + sin C)
Now, |z + 1|2 < |z – 2|2 ⇒ 2 cos B = cos A + cos C
⇒ (z + 1) ( z + 1) < (z – 2) ( z − 2) and, 2 sin B = sin A + sin C
⇒ (z + 1) ( z + 1) < (z – 2) ( z – 2) A+C A−C
⇒ 2 cos B = 2 cos cos (1)
⇒ z z + z + z + 1 < z z – 2z – 2 z + 4 2 2
A+C A−C
⇒ 3z + 3 z < 3 ⇒ z + z < 1 (ii) and, 2 sin B = 2 sin cos (2)
2 2
From (i) and (ii), we get
Dividing (1) by (2), we get
w+ w <3×1+4=7⇒w+ w <7
⎛ A+C⎞ B 3B
Clearly, |w + 1| < |w – 8| gives cot B = cot ⎜ = tan ⇒ cos =0
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ 2 2
|w + 1|2 < |w – 8|2 3B p p 2p
⇒ (w + 1) ( w + 1) < (w – 8) ( w – 8) ⇒ = or B = ⇒A+C= .
2 2 3 3
⇒ w w + w + w + 1 < w w – 8 w – 8w + 64 Putting this value in (1), we get
⇒ 9 (w + w ) < 63 ⇒ w + w < 7 p p ⎛ A−C⎞ ⎛ A−C⎞
2cos = 2 cos cos ⎜ ⇒ cos ⎜ =1
The correct option is (A) 3 3 ⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
128. We have, x2 + x + 1 = (x – w) (x – w2) ⎛ A−C⎞ p
⇒ ⎜ = 0 or A = C ⇒ A = B = C = .
Since f (x) is divisible by x2 + x + 1, f (w) = 0, f (w2) = 0 ⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ 3
\ P(w3) + w Q (w3) = 0 or P(1) + w Q(1) = 0 (1) The correct option is (C)
and, P(w ) + w Q (w ) = 0 or P(1) + w Q(1) = 0
6 2 6 2
(2) 132. Let cot–1 p = q, then p = cot q
m m
From (1) and (2) we obtain ⎛ pi + 1⎞ ⎛ i cot q + 1⎞
= e 2 miq ⋅ ⎜
−1

\ e 2 mi cot p
⋅⎜
P(1) = 0 and Q(1) = 0. ⎝ pi − 1⎟⎠ ⎝ i cot q − 1⎟⎠
\ Both P(x) and Q(x) are divisible by x – 1 ⎛ i (cot q − i ) ⎞
m
⎛ cot q − i ⎞
m
= e 2 miq ⋅ ⎜ = e 2 miq ⋅ ⎜
Since f (x) = P(x) + x Q(x), we get f (x) is divisible by x – 1. ⎝ i (cot q + i ) ⎟⎠ ⎝ cot q + i ⎟⎠
The correct option is (D) m m
⎛ cos q − i sin q ⎞ ⎛ e −i q ⎞
⎛ 8p ⎞ ⎛ 8p ⎞
8p = e 2 miq ⋅ ⎜ = e 2 miq ⋅ ⎜ i q ⎟
⎝ cos q + i sin q ⎟⎠
i
129. We have, a = cos ⎜ ⎟ + isin ⎜ ⎟ = e 11 ⎝ e ⎠
⎝ 11 ⎠ ⎝ 11 ⎠
= e2miq (e–2iq)m = e2miq × e–2miq = e0 = 1
Re (a + a2 + a3 + a4 + a5)
The correct option is (B)
a + a2 + a3 + a4 + a5 + a + a2 + a3 + a4 + a5 133. Since z1 and z1 are the adjacent vertices of a regular
=
2 2p
polygon of n sides, we have, ∠ z1 0 z1 =
−1 + (1 + a + a 2 + a 3 + a 4 + a 5 + a + a 2 + a 3 + a 4 + a 5 ) and, |z1| = | z1 |
n
=
2 Thus, z1 = z1 e2pi/n
−1 + 0
= (sum of 11, 11th roots of unity) Let z1 = r (cos q + i sin q) = reiq
2
1 ⇒ z1 = re– iq
=–
2 Since z1 = z1 e2pi/n
The correct option is (B) ⇒ reiq = re– iq e2pi/n = re2pi/n – iq
1 − ak + 1
130. We have, zk = 1 + a + a2 + … + ak = 2p p
1− a ⇒ q= – q or q =
1 − a k +1 n n
⇒ zk – = ⎡ p p⎤
1− a 1− a Therefore, z1 = r (cos q + i sin q) = r ⎢cos + i sin ⎥
⎣ n n⎦
1 | a |k +1 1 ⎛p⎞
⇒ zk − = < (∵ |a| < 1) r sin ⎜ ⎟
1− a |1 − a | |1 − a | Im ( z1 ) ⎝ n⎠
Now, = 2 –1⇒ = 2 –1
\ Vertices of the polygon z1, z2, …, zn lie within the circle Re ( z1 ) ⎛p⎞
r cos ⎜ ⎟
1 1 ⎝ n⎠
z− = p p
1− a |1 − a | ⇒ tan = 2 – 1 = tan ⇒n=8
n 8
The correct option is (C) The correct option is (B)
3.54 Chapter 3

134. We have,
2 1 1 z +z
= + = 3 2
z1 z2 z3 z2 z3
2 z2 z3
⇒ z1 = .
z2 + z3
⎛ z − z4 ⎞ ⎛ z1 − z3 ⎞
Now, ⎜ 2
⎝ z1 − z4 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ z2 − z3 ⎟⎠
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ 2 z2 z3 ⎞
− z3
⎜ z −z ⎟ ⎜z +z ⎟
= ⎜ 2 4
⎟ ⎜ 2 3
⎟ Greatest value of |z| = OB = OC + CB = 5 + 2 = 7.
⎜ 2 z2 z3 − z ⎟ ⎜ z2 − z3 ⎟ Thus, 3 ≤ |z| ≤ 7.
⎜⎝ z + z 4⎟
⎠ ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
2 3
The correct option is (A)
z2 z3 ( z2 − z3 )
= [taking z4 = 0] 137. Since Re (z1 z ) ≤ | z1z2 |
2 z2 z3 ( z2 + z3 )( z2 − z3 ) 2

z2 + z3 \ |z1|2 + |z2|2 + 2 Re (z1 z ) ≤ |z1|2 + |z2|2 + 2 |z1 z |

2 2
1 ⇒ |z1 + z2|2 ≤ |z1|2 + |z2|2 + 2 |z1| |z2| (1)
= (a real number).
2 Also, Since A.M. ≥ G.M.
Hence, points z1, z2, z3 and origin are concyclic and 2
⎛ 1 ⎞
therefore, z1, z2, z3 lie on a circle passing through the origin. ( c | z1 |) 2 + ⎜ |z | 1
⎝ c 2 ⎟⎠ ⎧ 1 ⎫2
The correct option is (B) \ ≥ ⎨c ⋅| z1 |2 ⋅ | z2 |2 ⎬
135. Since |z – 25i| ≤ 15, therefore, distance between z and 25i is
2 ⎩ c ⎭
less than or equal to 15. (∵ c > 0)
1
⇒ c |z1|2 + |z2|2 ≥ 2 |z1| |z2|
c
1
\ |z1|2 + |z1|2 + 2 |z1| |z2| ≤ |z1|2 + |z2|2 + c |z1|2 + |z2|2
c
⇒ |z1|2 + |z2|2 + 2 |z1| |z2| ≤ (1 + c) |z1|2
+ (1 + c–1) (|z2|2) (2)
From (1) and (2), we get
|z1 + z2|2 ≤ (1 + c) |z1|2 + (1 + c–1) |z2|2
\ k = 1 + c–1
The correct option is (C)
Thus, point z will lie in the interior and boundary of the 138. We have, 1 ≥ |z – (4 – 3i)|
circle whose centre is (0, 25) and radius is 15.
⎧| z | − | 4 − 3i | ⎧| z | − 5
Let OP be tangent to the circle at point P. ≥ ⎨ ⇒1≥ ⎨
Let ∠POX = q. Then, ∠OCP = q ⎩| 4 − 3i | − | z | ⎩5 − | z |
Now, OC = 25, CP = 15 ⇒ |z| ≤ 6 and |z| ≥ 4
\ OP = 20. ⇒ 4 ≤ |z| ≤ 6 ⇒ m = 4, n = 6
OP 20 4 x4 + x2 + 4 4
Now, tan q = = = Let y = = x3 + x +
CP 15 3 x x
⎛ 4⎞
\ Least positive value of arg z = q = tan–1 ⎜ ⎟ 1 1 1 1
⎝ 3⎠ = x3 + x + + + +
The correct option is (B) x x x x
136. Let z = x + iy 1
Since x ∈ (0, ∞), \ x3, x, , , ,
1 1 1
are all positive
Given, |z – 4 + 3i| ≤ 2. x x x x
numbers whose product is 1.
\ |x + iy – 4 + 3i| ≤ 2
\ their sum y will be least when
or, ( x − 4) 2 + ( y + 3) 2 ≤ 2 1
x3 = x = ⇒x=1
or, (x – 4)2 + (y + 3)2 ≤ 22 x
\ least value of y = 6
Thus, z lies in the interior or on the boundary of the circle
whose centre is (4, –3) and radius is 2. \ k=6
Least value of |z| = OA = OC – AC = 5 – 2 = 3. Hence, k = n
The correct option is (B)
 Complex Numbers 3.55

139. We have, zn = (z + 1)n w −1

n
⇒ = (w2 – a1) (w2 – a2) (w2 – a3) (w2 – a4) (3)
⎛ z + 1⎞ w2 −1
⇒ ⎜ = 1 = cos 0 + i sin 0
⎝ z ⎟⎠ Dividing (2) by (3), we get
z +1 w − a1 w − a 2 w − a 3 w − a 4 (w 2 − 1) 2
⇒ = (cos 2p r + i sin 2p r)1/n ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 =
z w − a1 w − a 2 w − a 3 w − a 4
2
(w − 1) 2
2p r 2p r
= cos + i sin
n n w 4 + 1 − 2w 2 w + 1 − 2w 2
= =
where, r = 0, 1, 2, …, n – 1. w 2 + 1 − 2w w 2 + 1 − 2w
1 2p r 2p r − w 2 − 2w 2 − 3w 2
⇒ 1+ = cos + i sin = = =w
z n n − w − 2w − 3w
1 2 rp pr pr The correct option is (B)
⇒ 1+ = 1 – 2 sin + i × 2 sin × cos
z n n n 142. Let z = x + iy
1 2 rp rp rp
⇒ = – 2 sin + 2i × sin cos We have, z + z = 2 |z – 1|
z n n n z+z
1 ⇒ = |z – 1|
⇒ z= 2
⎛ rp ⎞ ⎡ rp rp ⎤ ⇒ x = |x + iy – 1| ⇒ x = |(x – 1) + iy|
i ⎜ 2 sin ⎟ cos + i sin
⎝ n ⎠ ⎢⎣ n n ⎥⎦ ⇒ x2 = (x – 1)2 + y2 ⇒ 2x = 1 + y2.
1 ⎡ rp rp ⎤ If z1 = x1 + iy1 and z2 = x2 + iy2
= ⎢ cos − i sin
⎛ r p ⎞ ⎣ n n ⎥⎦ then, 2x1 = 1 + y12 (1)
i ⎜ 2 sin ⎟⎠
⎝ n
and, 2x2 = 1 + y22 (2)
i rp 1 1
⇒ x + iy = − cot − ⇒x=– Subtracting (2) from (1), we get
2 n 2 2
1 2 (x1 – x2) = y12 – y22
Hence, all the points lie on the line x = –
2 ⇒ 2 (x1 – x2) = (y1 + y2) (y1 – y2) (3)
The correct option is (B)
p
140. We have, z2 + z + 1 = 0 (1) But given arg (z1 – z2) =
4
⇒ (z – 1) (z2 + z + 1) = 0,
⎛ y − y ⎞ p y1 − y2
\ z3 = 1. i.e., tan– 1 ⎜ 1 2
= ⇒ =1
If n is not a multiple of 3, then we can write ⎝ x1 − x2 ⎟⎠ 4 x1 − x2
n = 3m + r, where m ∈ I and r = 1 or 2, \ y1 – y2 = x1 – x2, (4)
then 2n = 6m + 2r \ From (3) and (4) we get
If r = 1, then 2r = 2 y1 + y2 = 2
\ zn + z2n = (z3)m × zr + (z3)2n × z2r = zr + z2r \ Im (z1 + z2) = 2.
= z + z2 = –1 [Using (1)] The correct option is (C)
If r = 2, then 2r = 4 143. We have,
\ 2n = 3 (m + 1) + 1 a1 z3 + a2 z2 + a3 z + a4 = 3
\ zn + z2n = (z3)m × zr + (z3)m + 1 × z1 = z2 + z = –1 ⇒ |3| = |a1 z3 + a2 z2 + a3 z + a4|
Hence, zn + z2n = – 1 ⇒ 3 ≤ |a1 z3| + |a2 z2| + |a3 z| + |a4|
The correct option is (D) ⇒ 3 ≤ |a1| |z3| + |a2| |z2| + |a3| |z| + |a4|
141. Since 1, a1, a2, a3, a4 are the roots of the equation x5 – 1 = 0. ⇒ 3 ≤ |z|3 + |z|2 + |z| + 1 (∵ |ai| ≤ 1)
\ (x5 – 1) = (x – 1) (x – a1) (x – a2) (x – a3) (x – a4) ⇒ 3 ≤ 1 + |z| + |z|2 + |z|3 < 1 + |z| + |z|2 + |z|3 + … ∞
x5 − 1
⇒ = (x – a1) (x – a2) (x – a3) (x – a4) (1) ⇒ 3 < 1 + |z| + |z|2 + |z|3 + … ∞
x −1
1 1
Putting x = w in (1), we get ⇒ 3< ⇒ 1 – |z| <
1 −| z | 3
w5 − 1 2 2
= (w – a1) (w – a2) (w – a3) (w – a4) ⇒ – |z| < 0 ⇒ |z| >
w −1 3 3
w2 −1 The correct option is (C)
⇒ = (w – a1) (w – a2) (w – a3) (w – a4) (2)
w −1 1 1 1 1 2
and putting x = w in (1), we get
2
144. Since, + + + =
a+w b+w c+w d +w w
w10 − 1
= (w2 – a1) (w2 – a2) (w2 – a3) (w2 – a4) \ w is the root of the equation
w2 −1
3.56 Chapter 3

1 1 1 1 2 \ From (1) and (2), we conclude

+ + + =
a+ x b+ x c+ x d + x x |A| + |B|2 + |C|2 = 3 [|z1|2 + |z2|2 + |z3|2].
2
4 3 2
⇒ 2x + (S a) x + 0 × x – (S abc) x – 2 abcd = 0 The correct option is (A)
Let a, b, g be the other roots, then 1
146. z + = 2 (cos q + i sin q ) = 2eiq
Sa z
w+a+b+g=– (1)
2 \ z2 – 2eiq z + 1 = 0
Sab = 0
ab + aw + bw + g w + bg + g a = 0 (2) ⇒ z = eiq ± e 2iq − 1
S abc e2iq – 1 = cos 2q + i sin 2q – 1
Sabg = (3)
2 = 2 sinq (– sin q + i cos q)
abg w = –abcd (4) ⎡ ⎛p ⎞ ⎛p ⎞⎤
= 2 sin q ⎢cos ⎜ + q ⎟ + i sin ⎜ + q ⎟ ⎥
Since complex roots occurs in conjugate pairs ⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎦
\ g = w = w2.
\ Let a = eiq + e 2iq − 1
\ From (2),
ab + w (a + b) + w × w2 + w2 (a + b) = 0 ⎛p q⎞
= cos q + sin q cos ⎜ + ⎟
⎝ 4 2⎠
⇒ ab + (w + w2) (a + b) + w3 = 0
⇒ ab + (– 1) (a + b) + 1 = 0 ⎡ ⎛p q⎞⎤
+ i ⎢sin q + 2 sin q sin ⎜ + ⎟ ⎥
⇒ ab – a – b + 1 = 0 ⎣ ⎝ 4 2⎠ ⎦
⇒ a (b – 1) – (b – 1) = 0 ⇒ (a – 1) (b – 1) = 0 2
⎧ ⎛p q⎞⎫
\ either a = 1 or b = 1 \ |a – i|2 = ⎨cos q + 2 sin q cos ⎜ + ⎟ ⎬
⎩ ⎝ 4 2⎠ ⎭
Hence one root is unity 2
1 1 1 1 ⎧ ⎛p q⎞ ⎫
\ + + + =2 + ⎨sin q + 2 sin q sin ⎜ + ⎟ − 1⎬
a +1 b +1 c +1 d +1 ⎩ ⎝ 4 2⎠ ⎭
The correct option is (B) ⎛p q ⎞
= 2+2 2 sin q cos ⎜ + − q ⎟
⎝4 2 ⎠
145. We have, |A|2 + |B|2 + |C|2 = A A + B B + C C (1)
But A A = (z1 + z2 + z3) ( z1 + z2 + z3 ) ⎛p q⎞
−2 2 sin q sin ⎜ + ⎟ = 2
= z1z1 + z2 z2 + z3 z3 + z1 ( z2 + z3 ) ⎝ 4 2⎠
+ z2 ( z3 + z1 ) + z3 ( z1 + z2 ) Similarly, |b – i|2 = 2
= | z1 |2 + | z2 |2 + | z3 |2 + z1 ( z2 + z3 ) \ |a – i| = |b – i|
+ z2 ( z3 + z1 ) + z3 ( z1 + z2 ) The correct option is (D)
B B = (z1 + z2 w + z3 w2) ( z1 + z2w + z3w 2 ) 147. If z = x + iy is a complex number satisfying the given con-
ditions, then
= (z1 + z2 w + z3 w2) ( z1 + z2w 2 + z3w )
a2 – 3a + 2 = z + 2
[∵ w = w2 and (w 2 ) = w]
= z1z1 + z2 z2w + z3 z3w + z1 (z2 w + z3 w2)
3 3
= z+i 2+ 2−i 2
+ z2 (z3 w + z1 w ) + z3 (z1 w + z2 w )
4 2 2
≤ z+i 2 + 2 |1 − i |
= | z1 |2 + | z2 |2 + | z3 |2 + z1 ( z2w + z3w 2 )
< a2 + 2
+ z2 ( z3w + z1w 2 ) + z3 ( z1w + z2w 2 ) (2)
⇒ –3a < 0 ⇒ a > 0
Similarly, C C = | z1 |2 + | z2 |2 + | z3 |2 + z1 ( z2w 2 + z3w )
+ z2 ( z3w 2 + z1w ) + z3 ( z1w 2 + z2w ) (3) Since z + 2 = a2 – 3a + 2 represents a circle with centre
Adding (1), (2) and (3), we get
2 2 2
at A − ( )
2 , 0 and radius a 2 − 3a + 2 and z + 2i
A A + B B + C C = 3 [|z1| + |z2| + |z3| ] 2
< a represents the interior of the circle with centre at
+ z1 [z2 (1 + w + w2) + z3 (1 + w2 + w)] B 0,( 2 ) and radius a. Therefore, there will be a com-
+ z2 [z3 (1 + w + w2) + z1 (1 + w + w2)] plex number satisfying the given condition and the given
+ z3 [z1 (1 + w + w2) + z2 (1 + w2 + w)] inequality if the distance AB is less than the sum or differ-
ence of the radii of the two circles, i.e., if
= 3 [|z1|2 + |z2|2 + |z3|2] [∵ 1 + w + w2 = 0]
 Complex Numbers 3.57

As given,
(− ) + (0 + 2 )
2 2
2 −0 < a 2 − 3a + 2 ± a 1 1 5
AC = BD ⇒ AM = DM ⇒ AM =
⇒ 2±a< a 2 − 3a + 2 2 2 2

⇒ 4 + a ± 4a < a2 – 3a + 2
2
⇒ AD = |z3 – z1| = DM 2 + AM 2
⇒ –a < – 2 or 7a < – 2
2
−2 ⎛ 5⎞
( ) 5
2
⇒ a > 2 or a < = 5 +⎜ ⎟ =
7 ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2
But, a > 0,
\ a>2 Therefore, in D AMD,
The correct option is (A) 5 2 5/2 1
cos q = = and sin q = =
148. Let Sn = 1 + 2a + 3a2 + … + nan–1 5/2 5 5/2 5
\ a Sn = a + 2a2 + … + (n – 1)an–1 + nan z −z
Now, by rotation of complex numbers we know that 3 1
Subtracting, we get, z2 − z1
|z −z |
Sn (1 – a) = 1 + a + a2 + … + an–1 – nan = 3 1 eiq (anticlockwise rotation)
| z2 − z1 |
1 (1 − a n )
= − na n z3 − (1 + i ) 5/2
1−a ⇒ = (cos q + i sin q )
1−a n
na −n
n 1 − 2i 5
\ Sn = − = .
(1 − a ) 2 1 − a 1−a z3 − (1 + i ) i
⇒ = 1 + (using values of cosq and sinq)
The correct option is (B) 1 − 2i 2
2+i i
149. Let A represent z1 ⇒ z3 = (1 − 2i ) + (1 + i ) ⇒ z3 = 3 −
2 2
z1 z2
Similarly, taking clockwise rotation we get another possible
0 A B position of A as
Since OA · OB = 1, \ |z1 – 0| × |z – 0| = 1 z3 − z1 |z −z |
1 = 3 1 e − iq
⇒ |z1| = z2 − z1 | z2 − z1 |
|z|
⎛1 − i⎞ 3
⇒ z3 = ⎜ (1 − 2i ) + (1 + i ) ⇒ z3 = 1 − i
⎛ z − 0⎞
Also, arg ⎜ 1
⎛z ⎞
= 0 ⇒ arg ⎜ 1 ⎟ = 0 ⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ 2
⎝ z − 0 ⎟⎠ ⎝ z⎠ i 3
So, A represents the complex numbers 3 − or 1 − i
⇒ arg z1 = arg z 2 2
The correct option is (A)
If q is the argument of z, then
151. Let z = x + iy = r (cosq + i sin q), then the equation is
z = |z| eiq
1 iq 1 z 1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
\ z1 = e = 2 | z | eiq = = |(x – 2) + i (y – 1)| = r ⎜ cos q − sin q ⎟
|z| |z| zz z ⎝ 2 2 ⎠
1 1
\ A is = ( r cos q − r sin q )
z 2
The correct option is (A) 1
150. Let ABCD be the rhombus and M be the point of intersec- or, ( x − 2) 2 + ( y − 1) 2 = ( x − y)
2
tion of the diagonals AC and BD
which is the part of a parabola with focus (2, 1) and directrix
x – y = 0.
The correct option is (C)
152. |z1 + z2|2 + |z2 + z3|2 + |z3 + z1|2
= 2 (| z1 |2 + | z2 |2 + | z3 |2 ) + ( z1z2 + z1z2
+ z2 z3 + z2 z3 + z3 z1 + z1z3 )
= 24 + ( z1z2 + z1z2 + z2 z3 + z2 z3 + z3 z1 + z3 z1 ) (1)
Also,
| z1 + z2 + z3 |2 ≥ 0
Let point D be z1 = 1 + i and point M be z2 = 2 – i ⇒ z1z2 + z1z2 + z2 z3 + z2 z3 + z3 z1 + z3 z1 ≥ – 12
Also, let point A be z3 \ |z1 + z2|2 + |z2 + z3|2 + |z3 + z1|2 ≥ 12
Then, z2 – z1 = 1 – 2i and |z2 – z1| = 5 = MD The correct option is (B)
3.58 Chapter 3

More than One Option Correct Type

m +1
153. Let A be the vertex with affix z1. There are two possibili-
2p ⇒ S1 = –i ∑ ak ⇒ S1 = –i(a + a2 + … + am+1)
ties and can be obtained by rotating z1 through either in k =1
n
clockwise or in anticlockwise direction.
±
2p
⇒ S1 =
(
−ia a m +1 − 1 ) = –i ⎧⎪⎨ a
− a ⎫⎪
⎬
m

z2 = z1e n {∵ |z2| = |z1|} a −1 ⎪⎩ a − 1 ⎭⎪

Since, a m = (cos 2p + i sin 2p) = 1 {using (1)}
O
a −1
⇒ S1 = i =i
a −1
4 n +1
Now, S= ∑ S1
m =1
4 n +1
(
i i n+1 − 1 ) = i (i − 1) = i
C(z2)
A(z1)
B(z2) Thus, S= ∑ im =
i −1 i −1
m =1
The correct option is (A) and (C) which is purely imaginary and independent of n. Also, i is
1 not a root of x4n + 1 + 1 = 0.
154. We have, i=0+i×1= (0 + 2i)
2 The correct option is (A) and (B)
1 1
= (1 + i2 + 2 × 1 × i) = (1 + i)2 157. We have,
2 2 |a + ib| = 1 ⇒ a + ib = cos q + i sin q
1
\ i =± (1 + i) |c + id| = 1 ⇒ c + id = cos f + i sin f
2
⇒ a = cos q, b = sin q, c = cos f, d = sin f
1
\ −i = ± (1 – i) Now, z1z2 = (cos q + i sin q) (cos f – i sin f)
2
1 ⇒ Re( z1z2 ) = cos q cos f + sin q sin f
Hence, i − −i = ± [(1 + i) – (1 – i)] = ± 2i
2 Thus, = 0 ⇒ cos (q – f) = 0 (1)
p p
The correct option is (A) and (D) ⇒ q–f= or −
2 2
z1 + z3 z + z4
155. We have, z1 – z4 = z2 – z3 or = 2 Now, |w1|2 = a2 + c2 = cos2q + cos2f
2 2
i.e., the diagonals bisect each other. ⎛ p⎞
= cos 2 ⎜ f ± ⎟ + cos 2 f
⎝ 2⎠
\ It is a parallelogram.
z −z p = sin2f + cos2f = 1
Also, amp 4 1 =
z2 − z1 2 Thus, |w1| = 1. Similarly, |w2| = 1
⇒ angle at z1 is a right angle. Now, w1 w2 = (cos q + i sin q) ⋅ (cos f – i sin f)
\ It is a rectangle and hence a cyclic quadrilateral. ⇒ Re( w1 w2 ) = (cos q sin q + cos f sin f)
The correct option is (C) and (D) 1
= (sin 2q + sin 2f )
156. Let 2
⎡ m + 1 ⎧ ⎛ 2p k ⎞
m = sin (q + f) cos (q – f)
4 n +1
⎛ 2p k ⎞ ⎫ ⎤
S = ∑ ⎢ ∑ ⎨sin ⎜ ⎟⎠ − i cos ⎜⎝ ⎟ ⎬⎥ =0 [From (1)]
m =1 ⎢
⎝ m ⎠ ⎭ ⎥⎦
⎣ k =1 ⎩ mm
The correct option is (A), (B) and (C)
⎛ 2p k ⎞ ⎛ 2p k ⎞ 158. We have,
Now, let tk = sin ⎜ − i cos ⎜
⎝ m ⎟⎠ ⎝ m ⎟⎠ 1
arg (z3/8) = arg ( z 2 + zz1/ 2 )
⎧ ⎛ 2p k ⎞ ⎛ 2p k ⎞ ⎫ 2
⇒ tk = –i ⎨cos ⎜ ⎟ + i sin ⎜⎝ ⎟⎬
⎩ ⎝ m ⎠ m ⎠⎭ ⇒ 2 arg (z3/8) = arg ( z 2 + z z1/ 2 )
⎛ 2p ⎞ ⎛ 2p ⎞ ⇒ arg ( z 3/ 4 ) − arg ( z 2 + z z1/ 2 ) = 0
Assuming, a = cos ⎜ ⎟ + i sin ⎜ ⎟ (1)
⎝ m⎠ ⎝ m⎠ [∵ 2 arg (z) = arg (z2)]
⇒ tk = –ia k ⎛ z 2 + z z1/ 2 ⎞
m +1 ⇒ arg ⎜ ⎟ =0
z 3/ 4
Now, S1 = ∑ (t k ) ⎝ ⎠
k =1
⎛ z ⎞
⇒ Im ⎜ z 5 / 4 + 1/ 4 ⎟ = 0
⎝ z ⎠
 Complex Numbers 3.59

z ⎛ 5/ 4 z ⎞ \ a2 + b2 = 1 ⇒ b2 + b2 l2 = 1
⇒ z 5/ 4 + = ⎜ z + 1/ 4 ⎟ or, b2 (1 + l2) = 1 (3)
z1/ 4 ⎝ z ⎠
⎛ 1⎞
z z and, c2 + d 2 = 1 ⇒ d 2 ⎜1 + 2 ⎟ = 1
⇒ z 5/ 4 + = ( z )5 / 4 + ⎝ l ⎠
z1/ 4 ( z )1/ 4
or, d2 (1 + l2) = l2 (4)
z ( z )1/ 4 zz1/ 4
⇒ z 5/ 4 + = ( z )5 / 4 + b2 1
| z | 1/ 2 | z |1/ 2 \ = 2 or d2 = b2 l2
d2 l
d2
z 5 / 4 − ( z )5 / 4 Now, |w1| = a2 + c2 = b2 l2 + 2
⇒ z 5 / 4 − ( z )5 / 4 = l
| z |1/ 2 b2 l 2
= b2 l2 + = b 2
(1 + l2) = 1
⎛ 1 ⎞ l2
⇒ {z 5/ 4
− ( z )5 / 4 } ⎜1 − 1/ 2 ⎟ = 0
⎝ |z| ⎠ Also, Re (w1 w 2 ) = Re {(a + ic) (b – id)}
\ z = z or |z| = 1. ⎛ d⎞
= (ab + cd) = b2 l + d ⎜ − ⎟
The correct option is (A), (B) and (D) ⎝ l⎠
159. We have, z12 + 2z22 + z32 = 2z2 (z1 + z3) b2 l 2
= b2 l – = 0.
⇒ (z12 – 2z1z2 + z22) + (z22 + z32 – 2z2z3) = 0 l
⇒ (z1 – z2)2 + (z3 – z2)2 = 0 Hence, |w1| = 1 and Re (w1 w 2 ) = 0
⇒ (z1 – z2) = ± i (z3 – z2) The correct option is (A) and (C)
⇒ (z1 – z2) = (z3 – z2) ei(p/2), (z3 – z2)e–i(p/2) 162. Let A, B, C be the vertices of the equilateral triangle
represented by the complex numbers z1, z2, z3, respectively.
p
Then, AB = BC = AC and ∠A = ∠B = ∠C = .
p 3
z3 − z1 i z −z z −z
i.e., or \ = e 3 = 1 2 = 2 3 (1)
z2 − z1 z3 − z2 z1 − z3
⇒ (z3 – z1) (z3 – z2) = – (z1 – z2)2
⇒ z12 + z22 + z32 = z1 z2 + z2 z3 + z3 z1 (2)
Thus, in either case the triangle is an isosceles right angled
⇒ [(z1 – z2)2 + (z2 – z3)2 + (z3 – z1)2] = 0 (3)
triangle, right angled at z2.
Now, 3 z0 = z1 + z2 + z3, [z0 is centroid]
The correct option is (A) and (B)
160. We have, \ z12 + z22 + z32 + 2 (z1 z2 + z2 z3 + z3 z1) = 9 z02
|z1 – z2|2 = (|z1| + |z2|)2 ⇒ z12 + z22 + z32 = 3 z02 (4)
⇒ |z1|2 + |z2|2 – 2 |z1| |z2| cos q From (1), we also have
(z3 – z1) (z3 – z2) + (z1 – z2) (z1 – z2) (z1 – z3 + z3 – z2) = 0
= |z1|2 + |z2|2 + 2 |z1| |z2|
⇒ (z2 – z1) (z3 – z1) + (z1 – z2) (z3 – z2)
⇒ cos q = –1 where q = arg (z1/z2)
+ (z1 – z2) (z1 – z3) = 0
⇒ arg (z1/z2) = (2n + 1) p, n ∈ I
Dividing by (z1 – z2) (z2 – z3) (z3 – z1), we get
⇒ z1/z2 lies on the negative real axis
1 1 1
Hence, we can write z1 = l z2, l ∈ R– + + =0
z2 − z1 z1 − z3 z3 − z2
Also, we have,
Re (z1/z2) ≤ 0 The correct option is (A), (B), (C) and (D)
z1 z1 163. Since a, b, c, … k are the roots of the given equation, we
⇒ + ≤ 0 or z1z2 + z2 z1 ≤ 0 have the identity
z2 z2
The correct option is (B) and (C) xn + p1 xn – 1 + p2 xn – 2 + … + pn – 1 x + pn
161. Let z1 = a + ib, z2 = c + id. ≡ (x – a) (x – b) (x – c) … (x – k) (1)
Then, |z1| = |z2| = 1 ⇒ a2 + b2 = 1 and c2 + d2 = 1 (1) In the identity (1), put x = i
Also, Re (z1 z2 ) = 0 ⇒ Re {(a + ib) (c – id)} = 0 Then, in + p1 in – 1 + p2 in – 2 + … + pn – 1 i + pn
or, ac – bd = 0 (2) ≡ (i – a) (i – b) (i – c) … (i – k)
or, ac = – bd or, in [1 + p1 i– 1 + p2 i– 2 + p3 i– 3 + p4 i– 4 + …
a a + pn – 1 i– (n – 1) + pn i– n]
or = = l (say)
b −c ≡ (i – a) (i – b) (i – c) … (i – k).
3.60 Chapter 3

1 1 z2 − z3 BC i p / 4 1 ip /4
But, i –1 = = – i, i– 2 = 2 = –1 = e = e (2)
i i z1 − z3 AC 2
1 1
i –3 = 3 = i, i –4 = 4 = 1 etc.
i i
\ The above identity may be written as
in [(1 – p2 + p4 – …) – i (p1 – p3 + p5 – …)]
≡ (– 1)n (a – i) (b – i) (c – i) … (k – i) (2)
Similarly, putting x = –i in (1), we shall obtain
(–i)n [(1 – p2 + p4 + …) + i (p1 – p3 + p5 …)]
≡ (–1)n (a + i) (b + i) (c + i) … (k + i) (3) From equations (1) and (2), we get
Multiplying (2) and (3), we get ⎛ z3 − z1 ⎞
⎜⎝ z − z ⎟⎠ 2 ei p / 4
(–1)n × i2n [(1 – p2 + p4 …)2 – i2 (p1 – p3 + p5 …)2] 2 1
= =2
= (–1)2n (a2 – i2) (b2 – i2) (c2 – i2) … (k2 – i2) ⎛ z2 − z3 ⎞ 1 ip /4
e
⎜⎝ z − z ⎟⎠ 2
∵ (–1)n i2n = (–1)n (–1)n = (–1)2n = 1, this gives 1 3

(1 – p2 + p4 …)2 + (p1 – p3 + p5 …)2 z3 − z1 z1 − z3

⇒ · =2
z2 − z1 z2 − z3
= (a2 + 1) (b2 + 1) (c2 + 1) … (k2 + 1)
⇒ –(z3 – z1)2 = 2 (z22 – z2z3 – z1z2 + z1 z3)
The correct option is (A) and (B)
164. Since the diagonals of the square bisect each other, ⇒ z12 + z32 – 2 z1z3 = – 2 z22 + 2 z2z3 + 2 z1z2 – 2 z1z3
z +z ⇒ z12 + z32 + 2 z22 = 2 z2(z1 + z3)
\ mid-point of PR = 1 3 (1)
2
z2 + z4 or, z12 + z32 = 2z2 (z1 + z3 – z2)
mid-point of QS = (2)
2 or, z12 + z22 + z22 + z32 – 2z1z2 – 2z2z3 = 0
From (1) and (2), we get z1 + z3 = z2 + z4 or, (z1 – z2)2 + (z2 – z3)2 = 0
⇒ (a) is correct 2
⎛ z1 − z2 ⎞
or, ⎜⎝ z − z ⎟⎠ = – 1 = cos p + i sin p
2 3

z1 − z2 p p
or, = cos + i sin = i (imaginary)
z2 − z3 2 2
The correct option is (A), (B), (C) and (D)
p
166. We have, ∠ DAC = − C and OC = OD
Since all the sides of a square are equal 2
z
\ = cos (p – 2C) + i sin (p – 2C)
⇒ PQ = QR = RS = SP z3
⇒ |z1 – z2| = |z2 – z3| = |z3 – z4| = |z4 – z1| z
or, = – cos 2C + i sin 2C (1)
⇒ (b) is correct z3
We know that the diagonals of a square are equal Again, ∠ AOB = 2C and OA = OB
\ PR = QS \
z1
= cos 2C + i sin 2C (2)
⇒ |z1 – z3| = |z2 – z4| ⇒ (c) is correct z2
Since the diagonals are perpendicular to each other Multiply (1) and (2), we get
z z1
z1 − z3 z −z =–1
\ = 1 3 (cos a + i sin a) where a is 90º z2 z3
z2 − z4 z2 − z4
z − z3
This is purely imaginary. Therefore, real part of 1 is
zero. z 2 − z4

⇒ (d) is correct
The correct option is (A), (B), (C) and (D)
165. Given AB = BC (isosceles triangle), ∠B = 90º
p
\ ∠C = ∠A =
4
z3 − z1 AC i p / 4
\ = e = 2 ei p / 4 (1)
z2 − z1 AB
 Complex Numbers 3.61

− z2 z3 − z1 z2 z2 z3 − z1 z3 168. The roots of x2 + x + 1 = 0 are w and w2

⇒ z= = =
z1 z1 z1 z2 z2 So, h(w) = 0 and h(w)2 = 0
(∵ z1 z1 = z2 z2 ) ⇒ w f (1) + w2g(1) = 0 and w2 f (1) + wg(1) = 0
− z1 z2 ⇒ f (1) = g(1) = 0
= . \ h(1) = f (1) + g(1) = 0.
z3
The correct option is (B), (C) and (D) The correct option is (A), (B) and (C)
167. We have, 2p 2p
169. We have, a = cos + i sin
|z1 + z2| = |z1 – z2| 5 5
⇒ ( z1 + z2 ) ( z1 + z2 ) and, 1 + a + a2 + a3 + a4 = 0
= ( z1 − z2 ) ( z1 − z2 ) \ |1 + a + a2 + a3| = |–a4| = |a |4 = 1
⇒ z1z2 + z2 z1 = 0 (1) Also, |1 + a + a2| = |–a3 (1 + a)| = |1 + a| (1)

z1 ⎛z ⎞ 2p 2p
⇒ = − ⎜ 1⎟ = 1 + cos + i sin
5 5
z2 ⎝ z2 ⎠
z1 p⎛ p p⎞
⇒ is purely imaginary = 2 cos ⎜ cos + i sin ⎟⎠
z2 5⎝ 5 5
Also, from (1), p
= 2 cos
2 2 2
|z1 – z2| = |z1| + |z2| 5
p
⇒ DOAB is a right angled triangle, right angled at O. Again, from (i), |1 + a| = |1 + a + a2| = 2 cos .
5
z + z2 The correct option is (A), (B) and (C)
So, orthocentre lies at O and circumcentre = 1 .
2
The correct option is (A), (B) and (C)

Passage Based Questions

170. It is obvious that we must consider the 17th root of unity. Now, by De Moivre’s theorem, one of the values of
Consider the equation z17 – 1 = 0. The roots of this equation are ⎛ mq mq ⎞
(a + ib)m/n is rm/n ⎜ cos + i sin ⎟
2 rp 2 rp ⎝ n n ⎠
z = cos + i sin , r = 0, 1, …, 16 (i)
17 17 and one of the values of
Since the sum of the roots of (i) is zero, therefore,
⎛ mq mq ⎞
(a – ib)m/n is rm/n ⎜ cos − i sin ⎟
16
⎛ 2rp 2rp ⎞ ⎝ n ⎠
∑ ⎜⎝ cos
17
+ i sin
17 ⎠
⎟ =0
n
r=0 Hence, one of the values of (a + ib)m/n + (a – ib)m/n is
Equating real and imaginary parts on both sides, we have mq
= 2rm/n cos
16
2r p 16
2r p n
∑ cos 17
= 0, ∑ sin 17
=0
⎛m b⎞
r=0 r=0 = 2 (a2 + b2)m/2n cos ⎜ tan −1 ⎟ , using (ii).
⎝n a⎠
16
2r p
\ ∑ cos 17
= – cos 0 = – 1, The correct option is (B)
r =1
172. We have, (16)1/4 = (24)1/4 = 2 (1)1/4
16
2r p = 2 (cos 0 + i sin 0)1/4
∑ sin 17
= – sin 0 = 0
⎧ 1 1 ⎫
r =1
= 2 ⎨cos ( 2kp + 0) + i sin ( 2kp + 0)⎬ , k = 0, 1, 2, 3
Hence, the desired sum = 0 + i (– 1) = –i ⎩ 4 4 ⎭
The correct option is (D) = 2 × 1, 2 × i, 2 × –1, 2 × –i = ±2, ±2i.
171. Let a + ib = r (cos q + i sin q) (i) The correct option is (A)
Then, r cos q = a and r sin q = b 173. We have, z4 + 1 = 0 ⇒ z4 = – 1
b b ⇒ z = (cos p + i sin p)1/4
⇒ r2 = a2 + b2, tan q = or q = tan– 1 . (ii)
a a 1 1
Taking conjugates of both sides of (i), we get ⇒ z = cos (2kp + p) + i sin (2kp + p),
4 4
a – ib = r (cos q – i sin q). k = 0, 1, 2, 3.
3.62 Chapter 3

p p 3p 3p 177. Let an = 1
⇒ z = cos + i sin , cos + i sin ,
4 4 4 4 (an – 1) = (a – 1) (a – w) (a – w2) … (a – wn – 1)
5p 5p 7p 7p an − 1
cos + i sin , cos + i sin ⇒ (a – w) (a – w2) … (a – wn – 1) =
4 4 4 4 a −1
=
1
(1 + i),
1
(– 1 + i),
1 1 an − 1
(– 1 – i), (1 – i). ⇒ lim (a – w) (a – w ) … (a – w ) = lim
2 n–1
2 2 2 2 a→1 a→1 a − 1
Hence, the four roots of z4 + 1 = 0 are (±1 ± i). ⇒ (1 – w) (1 – w2) … (1 – wn – 1) = n
The correct option is (C) The correct option is (C)

174. Since 1, w, w2, … wn – 1 are the n, nth roots of unity 178. Solving x6 + x3 + 1 = 0 as a quadratic in x3, we get
n −1 n −1
−1± 1− 4 −1 i 3
\ ∑ wk = 0 and ∑ (w )k =0 x3 = = ± = r (cos q ± i sin q)
k =0 k =0 2 2 2
n −1 n −1
−1 3
Now, ∑ | z1 + w k z2 |2 = ∑ ( z1 + w k z2 )( z1 + (w )k z2 ) \ r cos q =
2
, r sin q =
2
k =0 k =0
n −1 ⇒ r2 = 1 and tan q = − 3
= ∑ z1z1 + z1z2 (w )k + z1z2 w k + z2 z2 (w k )(w )k 2p 2p 2p
k =0 ⇒ r = 1 and q = ⇒ x3 = cos ± i sin
n −1 n −1 n −1 n −1
3 3 3
= ∑ | z1 |2 + ∑ z1z2 (w )k + ∑ z1z2w k + ∑ | z2 |2 ⎡ ⎛ 2p ⎞ ⎛ 2p ⎞ ⎤
1/3
\ x = ⎢cos ⎜ 2kp + ⎟⎠ ± i sin ⎜⎝ 2kp + ⎟
3 ⎠ ⎥⎦
k =0 k =0 k =0 k =0
⎣ ⎝ 3
= n |z1|2 + 0 + 0 + n |z2|2 = n (|z1|2 + |z2|2)
p p
The correct option is (A) = cos(6 k + 2) ± i sin (6 k + 2) , k = 0, 1, 2
9 9
175. Let = n
1 = x; ⎛ pp ⎞ ⎛ pp ⎞
Hence, cos ⎜ ± i sin ⎜ , p = 2, 8, 14 are the required
\ n
x = 1; ⎝ 9 ⎟⎠ ⎝ 9 ⎟⎠
roots.
\ xn – 1 = 0
The correct option is (A), (B) and (C)
\ xn – 1 = (x – 1) (x – a1) (x – a2) … (x – an – 1)
\ (x – a1) (x – a2) (x – a3) … (x – an – 1) 179. Solving z4 + 4z2 + 16 = 0 as a quadratic in z2, z2 =
xn − 1 1 − xn −4± 16 − 64
= = = 1 + x + x2 + … + xn – 1 = − 2 ± 2 3i
x −1 1− x 2
Putting x = 1, we get Let z2 = − 2 ± 2 3 i = r (cos q ± i sin q) (1)
(1 – a1) (1 – a2) (1 – a3) … (1 – an – 1) = n \ r cos q = – 2 and r sin q = 2 3
The correct option is (B) 2p
⇒ r2 = 16 and tan q = − 3 ⇒ r = 4, q = (2)
176. Since 1, a, a , …, a 2 n–1
are the n, nth roots of unity, 3
1/ 2
\ xn – 1 = (x – 1) (x – a) (x – a 2) … (x – a n – 1) ⎛ 2p 2p ⎞
z = 2 ⎜ cos ± i sin ⎟ , by (1) and (2)
⇒ log (xn – 1) = log (x – 1) + log (x – a) ⎝ 3 3⎠
+ log (x – a 2) + … + log (x – a n – 1) ⎡ ⎛ 2p ⎞ 1 ⎛ 2p ⎞ 1 ⎤
= 2 ⎢cos ⎜ 2kp + ⎟⎠ ⋅ ± i sin ⎜⎝ 2kp + ⎟⋅
Differentiating both sides with respect to ‘x’, we get ⎣ ⎝ 3 2 3 ⎠ 2 ⎥⎦
x n −1 1 1 1 1 k = 0, 1
= + + + ... +
x −1
n
x −1 x − a x − a2 x − a n −1 ⎛ p p⎞ ⎛ 4p 4p ⎞
= 2 ⎜ cos ± i sin ⎟ , 2 ⎜ cos ± i sin ⎟
⎝ 3 3⎠ ⎝ 3 3⎠
Putting x = 2, we get
⎛ 1 i 3⎞ ⎛ 1 i 3⎞
n 2n −1 1 1 1 1 = 2⎜ ±
= + + + ... + ⎟,−2⎜ ± ⎟
2n − 1 1 2 − a 2 − a2 2 − a n −1 ⎝2 2 ⎠ ⎝2 2 ⎠

n ⋅ 2n −1 n −1
1 Hence, ± 1 ± i 3 are the required roots.
\
2 −1n
–1= ∑ 2−a i The correct option is (A) and (B)
i =1
2+ z
n −1
1 n ⋅ 2n −1 − 2n + 1 ( n − 2) 2n −1 + 1 180. Let =w (i)
Hence,
2 − ai
∑
=
2n − 1
=
2n − 1
2−z
i =1 Then, w6 = – 1 = cis (2p + 1)p, where p is an integer.
The correct option is (A)
\ w = cis [(2p + 1) p/6], where p = 0, 1, … 5
 Complex Numbers 3.63

From (i), we have, tan p/12, ±2i tan 5p/12, ±2i.

2 ( w − 1) The correct option is (A), (B) and (C)
2 + z = w (2 – z) or z =
w +1 181. Multiplying the given equation by (z + 1) and simplifying,
2 [cos{( 2 p + 1) p / 6} + i sin{( 2 p + 1) p / 6} − 1] we obtain, z5 + 1 = 0, whose roots are z = cos (pp /5) + i sin
=
cos{( 2 p + 1) p / 6} + i sin{( 2 p + 1) p / 6} + 1 (pp /5), p = 1, 3, 5, 7, 9.
2 [2i sin{( 2 p + 1) p / 12} cos{( 2 p + 1) p / 12} For p = 5, the root z = –1 corresponds to z + 1 = 0
Hence, the required roots are
− 2 sin 2 {( 2 p + 1) p / 12}]
= cos (pp /5) + i sin (pp /5); p = 1, 3, 7, 9.
2i sin {( 2 p + 1) p / 12} cos{( 2 p + 1) p / 12}
The correct option is (B)
+ 2 cos 2 {( 2 p + 1) p / 12}
= 2i tan [(2p + 1) p/12], p = 0, 1, …, 5
On giving the values 0, 1, …, 5 the roots are seen to be ± 2i

Match the Column Type

⎛p⎞ ⎛p⎞
182. I. Since zr = cos ⎜ r ⎟ + i sin ⎜ r ⎟ , \ x2 + y2 – 4 = 0
⎝3 ⎠ ⎝3 ⎠
r = 1, 2, 3, … ⇒ x2 + y2 = 4 ⇒ |z|2 = 4 ⇒ |z| = 2
we have, z1 · z2 · z3 …∞ The correct option is (C)
⎛ p p⎞⎛ p p⎞ 13 13 ⎧⎪ i (1 − i13 ) ⎫⎪
= ⎜ cos + i sin ⎟ ⎜ cos 2 + i sin 2 ⎟
⎝ 3 3 ⎠ ⎝ 3 3 ⎠ IV. ∑ (i n + i n+1) = ∑ i n (1 + i) = (1 + i) ⎨
⎪⎩ 1 − i ⎪⎭
⎬
n =1 n =1
⎛ p p⎞
⎜⎝ cos 3 + i sin 3 ⎠⎟ … ∞ ⎧ i (1 − i ) ⎫
3 3 = (1 + i) ⎨ ⎬
⎩ 1− i ⎭
⎛p p p ⎞ ⎛p p p ⎞ = (1 + i) i = – 1 + i
= cos ⎜ + 2 + 3 + ...⎟ + i sin ⎜ + 2 + 3 + ...⎟
⎝3 3 3 ⎠ ⎝3 3 3 ⎠ The correct option is (A)
⎛ p ⎞ ⎛ p ⎞ 183. I. We have, (1 + w) (1 + w2) (1 + w4) (1 + w8) … to 2n
⎜ 3 ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ factors
= cos ⎜ + i sin ⎜ 3 ⎟
1⎟ 1 = (1 + w) (1 + w2) (1 + w3 × w) (1 + w6 × w2)
⎜1− ⎟ ⎜1− ⎟
⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 3⎠ … to 2n factors
p p = (1 + w) (1 + w2) (1 + w) (1 + w2) … to 2n factors
= cos + i sin =0+i×1=i
2 2 [∵ w3 = w6 = … = 1]
The correct option is (D)
= [(1 + w) (1 + w) … to n factors]
II. Given, i z3 + z2 – z + i = 0 [(1 + w2) (1 + w2) … to n factors]
⇒ i z2 (z – i) – (z – i) = 0 = (1 + w) (1 + w ) = [(1 + w) (1 + w2)]n
n 2 n
1
⇒ (z – i) (i z2 – 1) = 0 ⇒ z = i or z2 = = – i. = (1 + w + w2 + w3)n = (0 + 1)n = 1
i
Now, z = – i ⇒ |z| = |i| = 1 [∵ 1 + w + w2 = 0, w3 = 1]
and, z2 = – i ⇒ |z2| = |–i| ⇒ |z|2 = 1 ⇒ |z| = 1 The correct option is (B)
Thus, in both cases |z| = 1 II. We have,
The correct option is (B) (1 – w + w2) (1 – w2 + w4) (1 – w4 + w8)
III. Let z = x + iy (1 – w8 + w16)… to 2n factors
z−2 x + iy − 2 ( x − 2) + iy = (1 – w + w2) (1 – w2 + w) (1 – w + w2)
Then, = =
z+2 x + iy + 2 ( x + 2) + iy (1 – w2 + w) … to 2n factors.

=
[( x − 2) + iy ][( x + 2) − iy ] [∵ w4 = w, w8 = w2, w16 = w and so on]
2 2
( x + 2) + y = (– 2w) (– 2w2) (– 2w) (– 2w2) … to 2n factors
( x 2 + y 2 − 4) + i ( 4 y ) = (22 w3) (22 w3) … to n factors
= 2 2
( x + 2) + y [∵ (– 2w) (– 2w2) = 22 w3 = 22]
2 n 2n
z−2 = (2 ) = 2
Since is purely imaginary,
z+2 The correct option is (C)
3.64 Chapter 3

III. Since ( 3 + i)100 = 299 (a + ib) z −1

II. Let = iy, where y is real
\ ( 3 – i) 100 99
= 2 (a – ib) z +1
z +1 1
\ ( 3 + i) 100
– ( 3 – i)100 = 299 (2ib) = 2100 (ib) ⇒ =
z −1 iy
100
⇒ i [1 – 3 i]100 – i100 [– 1 + 3 i]100 = 2100 (ib)
2z 1 + iy
or, (– 2w)100 – (2w2)100 = 2100 (ib) ⇒ = [by componendo and dividendo]
2 1 − iy
or, w – w2 = (ib) or 3 i = ib
1 + iy 1 + y2
\ b= 3 ⇒ z= ⇒ |z| = =1
1 − iy 1 + y2
The correct option is (A)
The correct option is (D)
IV. The given expression
n −1 + 3 i 2 2w
III. We have, i + 3 = ⋅ =
= ∑ ( n − 1) ( n − w ) ( n − w 2 ) 2 i i
2
−1 − 3 i 2 2w 2
n and, i – 3 = ⋅ =
= ∑ ( n − 1) ( n − w ) ( n − w 2
) 2 i i
1
[∵ (1 – 1) (1 – w) (1 – w2) = 0] \ (i + 3 )100 + (i – 3 )100 + 2100
100
⎛ 2w 2 ⎞ 100
n
n2 ( n + 1) 2 ⎛ 2w ⎞
= ⎜ +⎜ + 2100
= ∑ ( n3 − 1) =
4
−n ⎝ i ⎟⎠ ⎝ i ⎠
⎟
1
The correct option is (D) 2100
= (w100 + w200) + 2100
184. I. We have, i100
3+i i 3 + i2 ⎛ −1 + 3 i ⎞ = 2100 (w + w2) + 2100
= =–i ⎜ ⎟ = – iw = –2100 + 2100 = 0
2 2i ⎝ 2 ⎠
The correct option is (B)
i− 3 i2 − i 3 ⎛ −1 − 3 i ⎞
⎟ = – iw
2
and, = =–i ⎜ IV. Let zk = xk + iyk, we have (zk + 1)7 + zk7 = 0
2 2i ⎝ 2 ⎠
⇒ (zk + 1)7 = – zk7 ⇒ |zk + 1|7 = |zk|7
⎡ 1 ⎤
⎢∵ i = − i ⎥ ⇒ |zk + 1| = |zk| ⇒ |xk + iyk + 1|2 = |xk + iyk|2
⎣ ⎦
⎛ 3 + i⎞
6
⎛ i − 3⎞
6
⇒ (xk + 1)2 + yk2 = xk2 + yk2
⎜ 2 ⎟ + ⎜ 2 ⎟ = (– iw) + (– iw )
6 2 6
Hence,
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ 1
⇒ 2xk + 1 = 0 or xk = –
2
= i (w + w )
6 6 12
6 6
7
= –1 (1 + 1) = –2. Thus, ∑ Re ( zk ) = ∑ xk =–
2
The correct option is (C) k =0 k =0
The correct option is (A)

Assertion-Reasoning Type
185. We have, Comparing real and imaginary parts, we get
1 1
= cos a – i sin a, = cos b – i sin b cos (a – b ) + cos (b – g ) + cos (g – a) = –1
a b The correct option is (A)
a
Now, = (cos a + i sina) (cos b – i sinb ) z −1 p
b 186. We have, arg =
a z +1 3
or, = cos (a – b ) + i sin (a – b ).
b x + iy − 1 p
b ⇒ arg = [Putting z = x + iy]
Similarly, = cos (b – g ) + i sin (b – g ) x + iy + 1 3
c
c p
and, = cos (g – a) + i sin (g – a). ⇒ tan −1
y
− tan −1
y
=
a x −1 x +1 3
a b c
Putting these values in + + = – 1, we get
b c a ⎛ z1 ⎞
[cos (a – b ) + cos (b – g ) + cos (g – a)] ⎜⎝∵ Arg z = Arg z1 − Arg z2 ⎟⎠
2
+ i [sin (a – b ) + sin (b – g ) + sin (g – a)]
= –1 = –1 + 0 i.
 Complex Numbers 3.65

y
−
y Hence, the greatest value of |z| is 5 + 1.
⇒ tan −1
x − 1 x +1 = p The correct option is (A)
y2 3
190. |z – i| = |z + 5i| represents equation of perpendicular bisector
1+ 2
x −1 of points (0, 1) and (0, –5), i.e., y = –2, now |z| = 2 is x2 +
2y p y2 = 4
⇒ = tan = 3
x2 + y2 − 1 3 ⇒ x2 + 4 = 4 ⇒ x = 0
2 z represents a single point (0, –2).
⇒ x2 + y2 – y – 1 = 0, which is a circle.
3 The correct option is (A)
The correct option is (D) 191. We have,
(1 – z0) Pn(z) = (1 – z02) (1 + z02) (1 + z022) … (1 + z02n)
187. Area of the triangle on the argand plane formed by the com-
= (1 – z022) (1 + z022) (1 + z023) … (1 + z02n)
3 2
plex numbers –z, iz, z – iz is |z| .
2 = (1 – z023) (1 + z023) … (1 + z02n)
3 2
\ |z| = 600 ⇒ |z| = 20. = (1 – z02n+1) (22m · 22m = 22m+1)
2 n
2 n
The correct option is (A) i ⎛ i⎞ i2
Now, z02 = ⇒ z02n+1 = (z02)2n = ⎜ ⎟ =
188. Given, |z – 1| + |z + 3| ≤ 8 2 ⎝ 2⎠ 22
n

\ z lies inside or on the ellipse whose foci are (1, 0) and n 2n

Now, since 2 is divisible by 4, if n > 1 ⇒ i = 1
(–3, 0) and vertices are (–5, 0) and (3, 0).
1 1 ⎛ 1 ⎞
Y Thus, 1 – z02n+1 = 1 − ⇒ Pn(z) = ⎜⎝1 − 2 ⎟⎠
1 − z0
n n

22 2
⎛ 1 ⎞
= (1 + i ) ⎜1 − 2 ⎟ .
⎝ 2 ⎠
n

(4, 0)
X The correct option is (A)
(–5, 0) (–3, 0) O (1, 0) (3, 0)
192. Since amp ⋅ [z1 (z3 – z2)] = amp ⋅ [z3 (z2 – z1)]
⎛ z ( z − z2 ) ⎞
\ amp. ⎜ 1 3 =0
⎝ z3 ( z2 − z1 ) ⎟⎠
Now, |z – 4| is distance of z from (4, 0). Minimum distance
is 1 and maximum is 9. z1( z3 − z2 )
⇒ is purely real.
The correct option is (A) z3 ( z2 − z1 )
4 4 Hence, 0, z1, z2, z3 are concyclic
189. We have, 2 = z − ≥ |z| –
z z ⎛ ( z1 − z3 ) ( z2 − z4 )
4 ⎜⎝∵for four concyclic points ( z − z )( z − z )
1 4 2 3
⇒ |z| – ≤2
z ⎞
is purely real⎟
⇒ |z|2 – 2 |z| – 4 ≤ 0 or (|z| – 1)2 – 5 ≤ 0 ⎠
⇒ (|z| – 1)2 ≤ 5 or |z| – 1 ≤ 5 ⇒ |z| ≤ 5 +1 The correct option is (A)

Previous Year’s Questions

193. Key Idea : If w is a cube root of unity, then 1 + w + w2 = 0 194. Given z12 + z22 − z1z2 = 0
and w3 = 1 ⇒ (z1 + z2)2 – 3z1z2 = 0
(l + w + w2) = 0 and w3 = 1 ⇒ a2 = 3b.
(1 + w – w2)7 = (−w2 − w2)7 (∵1 + w + w2 = 0) The correct option is (C)
= (− 2w2)7
⎛ z⎞ p
= –27⋅w14 195. arg( z ) − arg(w ) = arg ⎜ ⎟ =
⎝w⎠ 2
= –128(w3)4w2
⇒ | zw | = 1
= − 128 w2 (∵ w3= 1)
⇒ z w = −i or + i .
The correct option is (D)
The correct option is (D) or (C)
3.66 Chapter 3

10
2kp 10
2kp
1 + i (1 + i ) 2 = ∑ sin + i ∑ cos
196. = =i 11 11
1− i 2 k =1 k =1

⎛1+ i⎞
x
= 0 + i (−1) = −i
⇒⎜ = ix
⎝ 1 − i ⎟⎠ The correct option is (D)
⇒ x = 4n . 204. The given equation z2 + z + 1 = 0
The correct option is (A) ⇒ z = w or w2.
1 1
Z ⎛ z⎞ So, z+ = w + w2 = −1, z2 + 2
197. Here w = ⇒ arg ⎜ z ⎟ = p z z
i ⎝ i⎠ 1
= w + w = −1, z + 3 = w3 + w3 = 2,
2 3
⇒ 2arg( z ) − arg(i ) = p z
1 1 1
p z4 + 4 = –1, z5 + 5 = –1 and z6 + 6 = 2.
⇒ 2 arg( z ) − =p z z z
2
\ The given sum = 1 + 1 + 4 + 1 + 1 + 4 = 12
3p
⇒ arg( z ) = . The correct option is (D)
4
205. From the Argand diagram, maximum value of | z + 1| is 6.
The correct option is (C)
Alternative:
198. z = (p + iq)3 = p(p2− 3q2)− iq(q2− 3p2)
x y | z + 1| = | z + 4 − 3| ≤ | z + 4| + |−3| = 6.
+
x y p q
⇒ = p 2 − 3q 2 and = q 2 − 3 p 2 ⇒ 2 = −2 .
p q ( p + q2 )
The correct option is (B)

( )
2
199. Since | z 2 − 1 |2 = | z |2 +1 , we have

( z − 1)( z
2 2
)
− 1 = | z |4 + 2 | z |2 +1
(–7, 0) (–4, 0) (–1, 0)

⇒ z 2 + z 2 + 2 zz = 0 ⇒ z + z = 0
⇒ R (z) = 0 ⇒ z lies on the imaginary axis.
The correct option is (D)
200. Given equation (x − 1)3 + 8 = 0 implies that (x − 1) The correct option is (C)
= (−2) (1)1/3 206. Put −i in place of i
−1
⇒ x − 1 = −2 or −2w or −2w2 Hence, the complex conjugate is
i +1
Or n = −1 or 1 − 2w or 1 − 2w2. The correct option is (C)
The correct option is (C)
⎛ 4⎞ 4 4 4
201. | z1 + z2| = | z1 | + | z2| ⇒ z1 and z2 are collinear and are to the 207. One can write Z = ⎜ Z − ⎟ + ⇒ Z = Z − +
⎝ Z⎠ Z Z Z
same side of origin; hence argz1− argz2 = 0.
The correct option is (C) 4 4 4
⇒ Z ≤ Z− + ⇒ Z ≤ 2+
Z Z Z
z z
202. As given w = ⇒| w |= = 1 ⇒ distance of z 2
1 1 ⇒ Z −2 Z −4≤0
z− i z− i

⎛ 1⎞
3 3
( (
\ Z − ))( Z − (1 − 5 )) ≤ 0
5 +1
from origin and point ⎜ 0, ⎟ is same.
⎝ 3⎠ ⇒1 − 5 ≤ Z ≤ 5 + 1
Hence z lies on the bisector of the line joining points (0, 0) The correct option is (B)
and (0, 1/3). 208. Let z = x + iy
Hence z lies on a straight line. |z− 1| = |z + 1| ⇒ Re z = 0 ⇒ x = 0
The correct option is (C) |z−1| = |z−i| ⇒ x = y
203. Given sum |z + 1| = |z−i| ⇒ y = −x
10
2kp 2kp ⎞ Only (0, 0) will satisfy all conditions.
⎛
∑ ⎜⎝ sin 11
+ i cos ⎟
11 ⎠
⇒ Number of complex number z = 1
k =1
The correct option is (A)
 Complex Numbers 3.67

209. Suppose roots are 1 + pi, 1 + qi

z1 − 2 z2
Sum of roots 1 + pi + 1 + qi = −a which is real 214. Given that =1
2 − z1z2
⇒ roots of 1 + pi,1 − pi
Product of roots = b = 1 + p2 ∈(1, ∞) ⇒ ( z1 − 2 z2 ) ( z1 − 2 z2 )
p ≠ 0 since roots are distinct.
The correct option is (C) = ( 2 − z1z2 ) ( 2 − z1z2 )
210. 1 + w = −w2 2 2
⇒ z1 − 2 z2 − z1 − 2 z2 z1 + 4 z2
(1 + w )7 = ( −w 2 ) = −w14 = −w 2
= 1 + w = A + Bw ⇒ ( A, B ) = (1,1) 2 2
= 4 − 2 z1z2 − 2 z1z2 + z1 z2
The correct option is (A)
2 2 2 2
211. Let z = x + iy (\ x ≠ 1 as z ≠ 1 ) ⇒ z1 + 4 z2 − z1 z2 − 4 = 0
z 2 = ( x 2 − y 2 ) + i( 2 xy )
z2
⇒ z1
2
(1 − z ) − 4 (1 − z ) = 0
2
2
2
2

is real ⇒ its imaginary part = 0

z −1 ⇒ z1 = 2( as z2 ≠ 1)
⇒ 2 xy( x − 1) − y( x 2 − y 2 ) = 0
The correct option is (B)
⇒ y( x 2 + y 2 − 2 x ) = 0 215. We have,
⇒ y = 0; x 2 + y 2 − 2 x = 0 2 + 3i sin q
z=
\z lies either on real axis or on a circle through origin. 1 − 2i sin q
The correct option is (A) ( 2 + 3i sin q )(1 + 2i sin q )
⇒ z=
212. Given z = 1 ⇒ zz = 1 1 + 4 sin 2 q

1+ z 1+ z ( 2 − 6 sin 2 q ) + 7i sin q
\ = =z. =
1+ z 1+ 1 1 + 4 sin 2 q
z For z to be purely imaginary, we have Re (z) = 0
The correct option is (B)
1
⇒ 2 − 6 sin 2 q = 0 ⇒ sin q = ±
213. z ≥2 3
1 1 1 3
z+ ≥ z − ≥2− ≥ . ⎛ 1 ⎞
2 2 2 2 ⇒ q = ± sin −1 ⎜ ⎟
⎛ 1 ⎞ 3 ⎝ 3⎠
Hence, minimum distance between z and ⎜ − , 0⎟ is
⎝ 2 ⎠ 2 The correct option is (A)
The correct option is (B)