CHAPTER 5

REPRODUCTION IN ANIMALS

Compendium
A. Modes of reproduction
(i) Asexual reproduction
(ii) Sexual reproduction
B. Sexual reproduction in Humans
(i) Male reproductive system
(ii) Female reproductive system
C. Process of sexual reproduction
D. Test tube baby (IVF)
E. Types of fertilization
(i) Internal fertilisation
(ii) External fertilisation
F. Development of embryo
G. Life cycle of Silk worm and Frog
H. Dolly cloning
I. Bird’s-eye view
J. Solved examples
K. Practice yourself
L. Solutions

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A. Modes of reproduction
Reproduction in animals :
The process by which living beings produce offspring of their own
kind is called reproduction.
The off springs produced are genetically similar to their parents.

Reproduction is necessary for the existence and continuity of species

in universe.
Reproduction is of two types :
(i) Asexual Reproduction
(ii) Sexual Reproduction
(i) Asexual Reproduction
• Production of off springs by a single parent without the formation
and fusion of gametes is called asexual reproduction.
• It is a primitive type of reproduction.
• In this type of reproduction offspring is produced by a cell or any
vegetative organ of an organism.
• In this type of reproduction off springs are genetically identical to
their parents and are known as clones .

Budding

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Fig1 : Binary Fission in Amoeba

Amoeba reproduces primarily by binary fission. However, a method

known as multiple fission is adopted by the unicellular
organism Amoeba to survive and reproduce under unfavourable
conditions.

When the conditions are unfavourable, Amoeba withdraws its

pseudopodia and becomes almost round. It secretes a hard covering
called cyst. The cyst forms a thick protective coat around it. Inside the
cyst, the nucleus undergoes repeated divisions to form many nuclei.
Nuclear division is followed by the division of cytoplasm.

Hence, eventually many new daughter cells are formed. On the

return of favourable conditions, the cyst bursts open to release these
daughter cells.

Fig2 : Multiple Fission in Amoeba

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Reproduction in Hydra through Budding:
• In this method an outgrowth (bud) is formed on the parent
organism.
• The bud gradually grows in size and gets detached from the parent.
• Detached bud develops into an adult organism, similar to the
parent.
• Budding is also seen in Yeast (fungi)
BIOLO

Fig 3 – Budding in Hydra

Apart from Fission and Budding, there are several

other modes of asexual reproduction such as
Sporulation (e.g, Rhizopus) , Fragmentation (e.g,
Spirogyra)

Checkpoint-1

1. Define reproduction
2. State the different types of reproduction
3. What is asexual reproduction?
4. What is fission?
5. Which organism reproduces by Fission?

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6. Which type of asexual reproduction is found in Hydra?
7. Distinguish between fission and budding.

(ii) Sexual reproduction

The type of reproduction in which fusion of male & female gamete
occur is called sexual reproduction. Important features of sexual
reproduction are given below :
• It involves two different parents i.e. one male and one female.
• Each parent produces gametes.
• Male gametes are called sperms while female gametes are called
ova or eggs.
• The fusion of male and female gametes is called fertilization.
• It results in to the formation of a single diploid cell zygote.
• The zygote undergoes repeated mitotic divisions to form embryo
which differentiate to form full organism.
• The organisms produced in this type of reproduction are
genetically different from both the parents but resemble the
parents in certain features .

Differences between sexual end Asexual reproduction

Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction

Only one parent takes There are two parents

part. takes part.
Gamete formation occur.
Gamete formation not Male gamete - Sperms
occur. Female gamete -Egg

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Fusion of male & female

Fertilization does not
gametes is called
take place.
fertilization.

Zygote formation not Zygote is formed as a

occur. result of fertilization.
Primitive type of Advanced type of
reproduction. reproduction.
Off springs are
Off springs are different
identical to parents &
from parents.
are called clones.
Type of cell division - Type of cell division -
Only mitosis mitosis & meiosis

Types of animals on the basis of presence of sex organs :

(a) Unisexual Animals :
Those animals in which male and female sexes
remain separate e.g. Human beings, Cow, Cat,
Dog.
(b) Bisexual Animals :
Those animals in which male and female sex
organs are present in single body are called Fig 4 – Taenia solium
bisexual or hermaphrodite e.g. Earthworm, (Bisexual)

Taenia solium, Leech.

Fig 5 : Earthworm, a bisexual animal Fig 6 : Leech (Bisexual)

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Mental floss!

Eating undercooked or raw beef, pork or fish can cause

tapeworm infections. You can also get tapeworms by
consuming food or water contaminated with faeces from a
person or animal that is infected. Hence, it is important to
make sure that you and all the members of your family wash
your hands properly, especially before making food and after
using the washroom.

Checkpoint-2

1. Define sexual reproduction

2. What are gametes?
3. Where are gametes produced in human body?
4. Do gametes contain the same number of chromosome as rest of
the cells of the body?
5. How does sperm different from ova?
6. What is fertilization and where does it occur?
7. Differentiate between sexual and asexual reproduction.

B. Sexual reproduction In Human

Male Reproductive system : The male reproductive system of
humans consists of the following organs. (1) Testes (2) Vas deferens
(3) Urethra (4) Penis

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LO

Fig 7 : Male Reproductive System

1. Testes : There is a pair of testes which lie outside the body within
the scrotum. They produce millions of sperms.
2. Vas deferens : Vas deferens are two in numbers. This duct connects
each testis to the urethra. It carries sperms to the urethra along
with the secretion of reproductive glands. This mixture of sperms
and secretions is called semen.
3. Urethra : The two vas deferens open into the urethra and pass
through the penis.
4. Penis : Urethra leads to a muscular organ called penis. It is used to
deliver semen into the vagina of the female during mating, hence
its known as the copulatory organ. It is used to pass urine as well.
The main function of testes is to produce sperms.

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Sperm : It consists of the following parts :
(i) Head (ii)Neck (iii)Middle piece (iv)Tail
The sexual maturity in human males is
attained around the age of 13 to 14 years.
Sperms are produced in millions by the
testes. They are very small in size. Sperms
swim in semen with the help of a tail.

Fig 8 : Structure of a
Sperm (male gamete)

Female Reproductive System : The female reproductive system of

humans consists of the following organs.
(1) Ovaries (2) Oviduct (fallopian tube) (3) Uterus (4) Vagina
1. Ovaries : There are two ovaries which are situated in the
abdominal cavity. Each ovary produces one mature ovum (egg)
every month by a process called ovulation. Like sperm, an egg is
also a single cell.
2. Oviduct (fallopian tube) : It is a muscular tube which joins the
uterus with the ovary. It carries the ovum into the uterus.
3. Uterus(womb) : It is a hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ. The
development of the baby takes place inside it. The lower narrow
part of the uterus is called cervix.
4. Vagina : The uterus opens into a wide muscular tube called
vagina. The vagina receives the sperms during sexual intercourse
(copulation). The sperms are discharged into the vagina from the
penis.

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Ovary start producing female gametes called ova when a girl reaches
puberty at 10-12 years. Uterus is the organ where the zygote matures
and grows till it is ready to be born. It is also known as womb.

Fig 9 : Female Reproductive System

Mental floss!

The middle piece of the sperm is packed

with mitochondria. Mitochondria are the organelles in cells that
produce energy. This energy is utilised by the sperm for
swimming.

Some women have double uterus. Having a double uterus is

relatively rare, occurring in about 1 in 2,000 women, according to
Scientific American.

Checkpoint-3

1. What are the components of male reproductive system?

2. What is the function of testis in human males?

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3. Name the male gamete. What are the different parts of the male
gamete?
4. What is the function of the male copulatory organ?
5. What is the function of urethra is males?
6. Name the female gamete.
7. Where are female gametes produced?
8. Name the structure that carries eggs from ovary to uterus. Does
this structure have an alternate name?
9. In which part of the female reproductive system the development
of baby occurs?
10. What is cervix?

Review questions

Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. What is reproduction ?
2. Define Asexual Reproduction.

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3. What do you mean by unisexual and bisexual animals ?
4. What is puberty ?
5. What is main function of testes ?
Short Answer Type Questions
1. Explain binary fission in Amoeba.
2. Mention the characteristic features of sexual reproduction.
3. Explain Asexual reproduction in Hydra with labelled diagram.
4. Draw a labelled diagram of male reproductive system.
5. Name the parts present in human sperm. Show by labelled
diagram.
Explain why?
1. In Asexual reproduction off springs are genetically similar to their
parents.
2. In sexual reproduction offsprings are different from their parents.

Fill In The Blanks

1. The male & female gamete is known as .................. and ……………..
2. A type of asexual reproduction in which an animal reproduces by
dividing into two individuals is called ..................
3. The type of reproduction in which fusion of male & female gamete
occur is called ..................
4. .................. is necessary for the existence and continuity of species in
universe.
5. Ovary lie in the lower part of the..................
Answer (Fill in the blanks)
1. Sperm and Ova
2. Binary fission
3. Sexual Reproduction

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4. Reproduction
5. Abdominal cavity
C. Process of Sexual Reproduction

Fertilization :
The sperms that are introduced into the vagina during sexual
intercourse, travel upwards through the vagina and reaches the
uterus initially and then the the fallopian tube.

1. Fertilization takes place in fallopian tube.

2. The fusion of male & female gamete is called fertilization and the
cell formed after fusion of male & female gametes is called zygote.
3. During fertilization, the nuclei of the sperm(n) and egg(n) fuse to
form a single diploid nucleus (2n).
4. In the process of fertilization an egg cell from the mother meets
with a sperm cell from the father. Hence the new individual
receives some characters from the mother and some from the
father.
5. Zygote is the first cell of new individual.

Fig 10 : Fertilization in Humans

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[Link] tube baby or in vitro fertilisation (ivf+)
Test tube baby is the main achievement of biotechnology in human
welfare. In some women oviducts are blocked. These women are
unable to bear babies because sperms cannot reach the egg for
fertilization. In such cases, doctors collect freshly released egg and
sperms & keep them together for a few hours for IVF or Invitro
fertilization [Fertilization outside the female body]. This whole process
is completed outside the body of the female, in the laboratory. The
process of cleavage starts in the fertilized egg and then it is
transplanted into the uterus of the female, where it undergoes normal
development. Test tube baby is a baby obtained by normal
development in uterus of the female but after in-vitro fertilization in
the lab. The first test tube baby of the world, Louise Joy Brown was
born on 25th July, 1978 in Britain. The first test tube baby of India
"Harsha" was born in 1986.

Fig. 11 : Process of IVF

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[Link] of fertilization :
1. (a) Internal Fertilization :
The type of fertilization in which fusion of male & female gamete
takes place inside the female body.
e.g. Human, Cow, Dog, Hen.
2. (b) External fertilization :
The type of fertilization in which fusion of male & female gamete
takes place outside the body of the female.

Fig 12. : External Fertilization in Fish

e.g. Starfish, Fish, frogs.

• Aquatic animals lay hundreds of eggs and release millions of

sperms, all the eggs do not get fertilized and develop into new
individuals. This is because the eggs and sperms get exposed to
water movement, wind & rain fall.
• Also, there are other animals in to the pond which may feed on
eggs. Thus, production of large number of eggs and sperm is
necessary to ensure fertilization of at least a few of them.

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Differences between External and Internal Fertilization:

[Link]. External Fertilization Internal Fertilization

1 The type of fertilization The type of fertilization
in which fusion of male & in which fusion of male
female gamete takes & female gamete takes
place outside the body place inside the female
of the female. body.

2 Eggs and sperms are Eggs produce in small

produced in large number (only one or
amount. few).
3 Chances of fertilization More chances of
very less. fertilization.

[Link] of embryo :
Fertilization results in the formation of zygote which begins to develop
in to an embryo. The zygote divides repeatedly to give rise to a ball of
cells. The cells then begins to form groups that develop into different
tissues and organs of the body. This developing structure is termed as
embryo. The embryo attaches itself to the uterine wall with the help
of placenta and gets embedded in the wall of the uterus for further
development. The embryo continues to develop in the uterus. It
gradually develops body parts such as hands, legs, head, eyes, ears etc.
The stage of the embryo in which all the body parts can be identified
is called a foetus. During this period of pregnancy, the baby takes
nourishment from the placenta of the mother through the umbilical
cord. The uterus increases in size as the foetus grows. The uterus is
filled with a fluid called amniotic fluid that protects the foetus from
jerks and change in temperature. When the development of foetus
is complete the mother gives birth to the baby.

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Fig 13 : Structure of an embryo inside mothers womb

Viviparous & Oviparous animals :

• Those animals which give birth to young ones are called
viviparous animals. e.g. Man, Dog, Elephants.
• Those animals which lay eggs are called oviparous animals. e.g.
Frog, Snake, Lizards, Fish, Butterfly or Moth, Birds.
Young ones to Adults :
The new individuals which are born or hatched from the eggs
continue to grow till they become adults. In some animals, the young
ones may look very different from the adults.
e.g. silk worm
G. Lifecycle of Silkworm and
Frog
Lifecycle of silkworm :
Egg →" Larva or caterpillar "
→Pupa " →Adult

Fig 14. :Lifecycle of silkmoth

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Life cycle of Frog :

Egg →" Tadpole (Larva) " → Adult

Fig 15 : Lifecycle of a Frog

Metamorphosis : The transformation of the larva into an adult

through drastic changes is called metamorphosis.

Mental floss!

In recent years, a painkiller with 200

times the power of morphine has
been found in the skin of a frog.
The Axolotl larvae do not
undergo metamorphosis. The
adults stay aquatic, with external Fig 16 : Axolotl larva

gills.

[Link] cloning
Cloning is the production of an identical cell or any other living part or
a complete organism. Cloning of animal was successfully performed
for the first time by Ian Wilmut and his colleagues at the Roslin
Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland. They cloned successfully a sheep
named Dolly. Dolly was born on 5th July 1996 and was the first
mammal to be cloned.

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During the process of cloning Dolly, a cell was collected from the
mammary gland of a female Finn Dorsett sheep. Simultaneously, an
egg was obtained from a Scottish blackface ewe. The nucleus was
removed from the egg. Then, the nucleus of the cell from the Finn
Dorsett sheep was inserted into the egg of the Scottish blackface
ewe. The egg thus produced was implanted into the Scottish
blackface ewe. Development of the egg followed normally and finally
Dolly was born. Though Dolly was given birth by the Scottish
blackface ewe, it was found to be identical to the Finn Dorsett sheep
from which the nucleus was taken. Since the nucleus of the Scottish
blackface ewe was removed, Dolly did not show any character of the
Scottish blackface ewe. Dolly was a healthy clone and produced
several off springs of her own through normal sexual reproduction.
Unfortunately, Dolly died on 14th February 2003 due to a certain lung
disease. Since Dolly, several attempts have been made to produce
cloned mammals. However, many die before birth or die soon after
birth. The cloned animals are also found to be born with severe
abnormalities.

Fig 17: How Dolly the sheep was cloned

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Did you know?

1. Testes and ovary produce gametes as well as sex hormones. Testes

produces " Male sex hormone " Testosterone Ovary " Female sex
hormones " Estrogen and progesterone.
2. New born babies may require up to 16 - 17 hours of sleep a day.
3. Puberty is the stage at which a person attains sexual maturity or
becomes capable of reproduction.
4. The testes lie in a sac, called the scrotal sac, which is located outside
the abdominal cavity.
5. The wall of the uterus has a rich supply of blood vessels from which
the growing embryo draws nutrition.
6. The structure by which an embryo is attached with uterine wall is
called placenta. Through placenta embryo obtains nutrients and
oxygen from mother.
7. Umbilical cord : A cord that connects the placenta with the baby.
8. The baby [embryo] grows in the mother's uterus for about nine
months. This period is called gestation period or pregnancy.

Bird’s-eye view
• Asexual reproduction : The type of reproduction in which only a
single parent is involved.
• Sexual reproduction is a biparental process.
• Budding : It is a type of asexual reproduction which can be seen in
Hydra. In this reproduction, the new individual develops from the
buds that arise on the parent body.

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• Binary fission : It is a type of asexual reproduction which can be
seen in Amoeba. In this reproduction, an animal reproduces by
dividing into two individuals.
• The ovary produces female gametes called ova and the testes
produce male gametes called sperms. The fusion of ovum and
sperm is called fertilization. The fertilized egg is called a Zygote.
The stage of the embryo in which all the body parts are identifiable
is called foetus.
• During spring or rainy season, frogs and toads move to ponds and
slow flowing streams. When the male and female frog come
together in water, the female lays hundreds of eggs. As the eggs
are laid, the male deposits his sperms over them. This is how
external fertilization occurs.
• Frog's egg is not covered by a shell and they are very delicate. A
layer of jelly holds them together and provides protection to the
eggs. Sperm of frog swims randomly in water with the help of its
long tail. Each of the gamete contains one half of the hereditary
characters from its parent.
• The zygote has one complete set of hereditary characters - one
half each from the mother and the father.
• Those animals which give birth to young ones are called viviparous
animals. e.g. Man, Dog, Elephants.
• Those animals which lay eggs are called oviparous animals. e.g.
Frog, Snake, Lizards, Fish, Butterfly or Moth, Birds.
• The new individuals which are born or hatched from the eggs
continue to grow till they become adults. In some animals, the
young ones may look very different from the adults.
e.g. silk worm

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Solved examples

Question 1.
Explain the importance of reproduction in organisms.
Answer: Reproduction is a vital phenomenon on this planet earth
which is essential for existence and continuity of life and species on it,
generation after generation.
Question 2.
Describe the process of fertilisation in human beings.
Answer: In the process of fertilisation, sperms come in contact with an
ova (egg). One of the sperms may fuse with the egg. The nuclei of the
sperm and the egg fuse to form a single nucleus resulting in the
formation of a fertilised egg called zygote. In human being, the
fertilisation takes place inside the female body, known as internal
fertilisation.
Question 3.
Choose the most appropriate answer.
(a) Internal fertilisation occurs
(i) In female body. (ii) Outside female body.
(iii) In male body. (iv) Outside male body.
(b) A tadpole develops into an adult frog by the process of:
(i) Fertilisation (ii) Metamorphosis
(iii) Embedding (iv) Budding
(c) The number of nuclei present in a zygote is:
(i) None (ii) One
(iii) Two (iv) Four
Answers:
(a) (i) (b) (ii)

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(c) (ii)
Question 4.
Indicate whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F).
1. Oviparous animals give birth to young ones.
2. Each sperm is a single cell.
3. External fertilisation takes place in frog.
4. A new human individual develops from a cell called gamete.
5. Egg laid after fertilisation is made up of a single cell.
6. Amoeba reproduces by budding.
7. Fertilisation is necessary even in asexual reproduction.
8. Binary fission is a method of asexual reproduction.
9. A zygote is formed as a result of fertilisation.

10. An embryo is made up of a single cell.

Answer:
1. False [Link] [Link] [Link]
5. True 6. False 7. False 8. True
9. True [Link]
Question 5.
Give two differences between a zygote and a foetus.
Answer:
Zygote Foetus

(i) It is a single celled, i.e., it (i) It is multi celled, i.e., it

contains only one cell. contains many cells.

(ii) It is formed by the

(ii) It is formed by the fusion of
repeated division of the
male gamete or sperm and
zygote.
female gamete or ova (egg).

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Question 6.
Define asexual reproduction. Describe two methods of asexual
reproduction in animals.
Answer: The mode of reproduction in which only a single parent is
involved is called asexual reproduction. In this type of reproduction,
sex cells (gametes) are not produced and no fusion of gametes takes
place for the reproduction of zygote or off springs. Asexual
reproduction takes place in Amoeba, Hydra, yeast, starfish, sponges,
etc. There are mainly two methods of asexual reproduction:
(i) Binary fission: In binary fission, a single parent cell is divided into
two equal individual cells as in Amoeba. It divides into two by division
of their bodies, each of them gets one nucleus and develops
intseparate individual. The figure given below shows how binary
fission occurs in Amoeba.

(ii) Budding: In budding, the organism develops a bulge called bud

which further develops into an adult organism and separates itself
from the parent body to lead an independent life. This type of
reproduction is shown in Hydra. The following figure shows budding
in Hydra.

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Question 7.
In which female reproductive organ does the embryo get
embedded?
Answer: Uterus
Question 8.
What is metamorphosis? Give examples.
Answer: The transformation of larva into an adult involving sudden
and abrupt changes in the body of an animal during the life cycle of
an invertebrate or amphibian is called metamorphosis. Example,
frog and butterfly.
Question 10.
Complete the crossword
puzzle using the hints
given below.

Across
1. The process of the fusion of the gametes.
6. The type of fertilisation in a he
7. The term used for bulges observed on the sides of the body of
Hydra.
8. Eggs are produced here.

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Down
2. Sperms are produced in these male reproductive organs
3. Another term for the fertilised egg.
4. These animals lay eggs.

5. A type of fission in Amoeba.

Answer:

Level-I
Very Short Answer Type (Each carries one mark)
1. Where does fertilization take place ?
2. What is a foetus ?
3. How is an embryo produced ?
4. What is a zygote ?
Short Answer Type (Each carries two marks)
1. What are the parts of a male reproductive system ?
2. Define metamorphosis.
3. How internal fertilization differs from external fertilization ?
4. Define fertilization.

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5. How does a sperm differ from an ovum ?
6. Draw a labelled diagram of female reproductive system.
7. What are oviparous & viviparous animals ?
8. Write a note on test tube baby in brief.
9. Write a note on Dolly in brief.
10. Describe the process of development from zygote to foetus in
brief.
Long Answer Type (Each carries four marks)
1. Describe the process of fertilization in human beings.
2. Give the functions of the following :
(i)Ovaries (ii)Testes
(iii)Urethra (iv)Uterus
(v)Oviducts.

Level-II
1. Why do female frogs produce eggs in large number ?
2. "Sexual reproduction is more advanced than asexual
reproduction" Why ?
3. How foetus is different from embryo ?
4. In which female reproductive structure does the embryo get
embedded and why ?
5. How could a single cell become an independent individual ?
Fill in the blanks
1. The....................is also called womb.
2. The .................... is primary reproductive organ in male.
3. The .................... is connecting structure which helps in the transfer of
substance to and from the foetal body.
4. The process union of male and female gamete is called ....................

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5. .................... is the primary reproductive organ in female.
6. Testes produce hormone....................
7. The cells involved in sexual reproduction are called ....................
8. In animals like fish and frog....................fertilisation takes place.
9. The human zygote gets implanted in the ....................
10. IVF stands for.................... CLASS-VIII
Choose true and false statements from followings
1. Internal fertilisation takes place outside the female's body.
2. Birds and snakes are oviparous animals.
3. A tadpole is the young one of a frog.
4. Animals like Amoeba multiply by budding.
5. The fusion of male and female sex cells is called fertilisation.

Multiple Choice Type (Each carries one mark)

1. Binary fission occurs in :
(A) Amoeba (B) Hydra
(C) Planaria (D) Rhizopus
2. Which one of the following is concerned with asexual
reproduction?
(A) Zygote (B) Spores
(C) Gametes (D) Gonads
3. Which type of reproduction in Hydra is the most common ?
(A) Budding (B) Cracking

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(C) Sporulation (D) Fragmentation
4. The most fundamental characteristics of living being :-
(A) Movement (B) Growth
(C) Fragmentation (D) Reproduction
5. Multiple fission occurs in :-
(A) Hydra (B) Plasmodium
(C) Planaria (D) All of these
6. Egg laying animals are known as :-
(A) Viviparous (B) Oviparous
(C) Sterile (D) Hermaphrodite
7. Animals which give birth to young ones are called :-
(A) Amphibious (B) Oviparous
(C) Triploblastic (D) Viviparous
8. Testes of human occur
(A) Inside body
(B) Upper side of kidney
(C) On either side of dorsal aorta
(D) In scrotal sacs
9. Fertilization of ovum takes place in :-
(A) Ovary (B) Fallopian tube
(C) Uterus (D) Vagina
10. Oogenesis is a process of formation of :-
(A) Sperms (B) Ova
(C) Gametes (D) Zygote

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Competitive Corner

1. Which type of cell division involve in asexual reproduction?

(A) Meiosis (B)Mitosis
(C) Amitosis (D) Both (A) & (B)
2. Which type of cell division involve in sexual reproduction?
(A) Meiosis (B)Mitosis
(C) Amitosis (D) Both (A) & (B)
3. Vegetative reproduction is a modified form of :
(A) Sexual reproduction (B)Asexual reproduction
(C) Both (A) & (B) (D)None of these
4. The process of releasing of sperm by male organism during
copulation is called :
(A) Ejaculation (B) Insemination
(C) Fertilization (D) Parturition
5. What is main reason of female gamete having large size?
(A) To increase the chances of meeting of male gamete with female
gamete.
(B) To decrease the chances of meeting of male gamete with
female gamete.
(C) To implantation of embryo.
(D) None of the above.
6. How many sperms take part in fusion with female gamete :
(A) Only one (B) Two
(C) Millions in number (D) None of these

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7. Which of the following is correct?
(A) Fertilization is a by-chance process.
(B) Fertilization may occur inside or outside the female body.
(C) It is the fusion of two types of gamete (male of female)
(D) All the above.
8. Which of the following is wrong about birth of Dolly?
(A) The nucleus was taken by udder cells of a female Finn Dorsett
sheep.
(B) A egg was obtained from Scottish blackface ewe.
(C) Dolly was identical to the Finn Dorsett sheep.
(D) None of these
9. During In-vitro fertilization, the process of fertilization, occurs in :
(A) Uterus
(B) Fallopian tube
(C) Test Tube in laboratory [outside the body]
(D) Water [out side the body]
10. During metamorphosis :
(A) Tadepole change into adult
(B) Pupa of silk worm change into adult
(C) Human child change into adult
(D) Both (A) & (B)

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Solutions

Novice level

Very short answers

1. Oviduct
2. When the different parts of an embryo becomes identifiable it is
called a foetus
3. By repeated division of zygote
4. Single cell produced after fertilization REPRODUCTION

Fill in the blanks :

1. Uterus 2. Testes 3. Placenta 4. Fertilization
5. Ovary 6. Testosterone [Link] [Link]
[Link] 10. In-vitro fertilization

Write true or false for the following :

1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T

Advanced level

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A B A D B B D D C B

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REPRODUCTION IN ANIMALS
Competitive corner
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
B D B A A A D D C D

END

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