Unit iii- WORK STUDY
PROBLEMS
[Link]
university/production-and-operations-
management-tutorial-295/[Link]
WORK STUDY
Systematic, objective and critical examination of the
factors affecting productivity for the purpose of
improvement.
1. Method study: to study and standardise methods of
work for a job (Improves operations by more effective
utilization of all resources)
2. Work measurement : to measure work content of a
job (improve control by more accurate planning-
manning, estimating and evaluating performance)
FORMULAE
• Standard time = normal time + allowance time
• Normal time = observed time per unit x
performance rating
• Normal time =Loading…
total time of study x working
time in % x performance rating/total units
produced
• Working time in % = 1 - idle time%
• Allowance % is always % of normal
time/basic time
PROBLEM 1
• Assuming that the total observed time for
an operation of assembling an electric
switch is 1.00 min. If the rating is 120%,
find normal time. If an allowance of 10%
of normal time is allowed for the
operation, determine the standard time.
SOLUTION
Given
• Observed time = 1.00 min
• Performance rating = 120%
• Allowance time = 10% of the normal time
•
Loading…
Normal time and standard time?????
• Normal time = observed time x performance
rating %
• 1.00 min x 120/100 = 1.2 min
normal time 1.2 min
• STANDARD TIME = NORMAL TIME +
Problem 2
• A job consists of three work elements and all
are performance by the same operator. An
analyst conducted work sampling to determine
the standard time for the job. The duration of
the study in two shifts each with 400 minutes
of effective time is done. The details of
observations are summarised in the following
table. The total number of acceptable units
produced during the study period is 150 units.
Determine the standard time by assuming
10% allowance.
Work element number Frequency of Performance rating
performance in min
1 70 80%
2 80 120%
3 50 110%
SOLUTION
Work Frequency of Performance Normal time =
elemen performance rating observed time x
t (observed performance rating
number time) min min
1 70 80% 70 x 80/100 = 56
2 80 120% 80 x 120/100 = 96
3 50 110% 50 x 110 /100 = 55
TOTAL 56 + 96 + 55 = 207 MIN
NORMAL TIME
STANDARD TIME = NORMAL TIME + ALLOWANCE TIME
= 207 + 10/100 X 207 = 207 + 20.7 = 227.7 MIN
PROBLEM 3
A JOB has been divided into four elements 1,2,3 and 4. The
element times in minutes for the first cycles are shown in the
following table with a performance rating for each element.
Compute an estimated normal time for job based on the data
available. Compute the standard time if the permissible allowance
total is 25% of normal time.
Element Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Cycle 3 Cycle 4 Cycle Element
MIN
MIN MIN MIN 5 rating in
%
MIN
A 1.57 1.63 1.48 1.57 1.65 100
B 2.46 2.34 2.37 2.36 2.40 90
C 1.85 3.70 1.82 1.78 1.75 95
D 1.25 1.15 1.32 1.15 1.23 115
Elem Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Cycle 3 Cycle 4 Cycle Avg. Eleme Normal time in min
ent MIN MIN MIN 5 nt
Observed X perf rating
MIN Observe rating
MIN d time in %
min
A 1.58 100 1.58 x
1.57 1.63 1.48 1.57 1.65
100/100=1.58
B 2.46 2.34 2.37 2.36 2.40 2.38 90 2.38 x 90/100 =
Loading…
2.142
C 1.85 3.70 1.82 1.78 1.75 2.18 95 2.18 x 95/100 =
2.071
D 1.25 1.15 1.32 1.15 1.23 1.22 115 1.22 x 115/100=
1.403
Total 7.196 min
• Normal time = 7.196 min
• Standard time = normal time + allowance time
• = 7.196 + 25/100 x 7.196
• = 7.196+ 1.799
• Standard time = 8.995
min
PROBLEM 4 - HW
A JOB has been divided into four elements 1,2,3 and 4. The element times in
minutes for the first cycles are shown in the following table with a performance
rating for each element.
Compute an estimated normal time for job based on the data available. Compute
the standard time if the permissible allowance of rest and personal allowance
15% and contingency allowance as 4% of normal time.
Element Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Cycle 3 Cycle 4 Cycle Element
5 rating in
%
A 1.51 1.63 1.45 1.55 1.72 100
B 2.46 2.34 2.33 2.36 2.30 90
C 1.79 3.02 1.84 1.78 1.77 95
Problem 6
• The time study of a work operation at Mc
Donald restaurant provided an average
observed time of 5.0 min. The observed
worker was rating at 75% by the analyst. 15%
allowance factor is used by the firm, Mc
Donald wants to ascertain the normal time and
standard time for this operation.
PROBLEM 6
• The following data was collected from a time
study job during a 40 hours work week.
• Determine the standard time per part.
• Idle time = 20%
• Rating factor = 135%
• Total parts produced = 300
• Allowance factor for this work = 10%
PROBLEM 7
A time study was conducted in the packaging
section of a factory to determine the normal time
required to complete one unit of work. The total
time of study recorded for all observations was
160 minutes. However, it was found that the
worker was actively working only 80% of the
time, as the rest of the time was spent waiting or
idle. The performance rating of the worker
during the observed period was assessed at
110%. During this period, the worker produced a
Given data
● Total time of study = 160 minutes
● Working time = 80% = 0.80
● Performance rating = 110% = 1.10
● Total units produced = 200 units
Normal time = [total time of study x working
time in % x performance rating]/total units
produced