Activity 2: Preparing a brief research report on health and safety training

Executive Summary:
Health and safety training plays an major/ important role in the safety
management system in any organization to prevent the accidents and to comply
with the regulatory requirement. In this research report we have critically
evaluated how ADOR identifies health and safety training needs and deliver
trainings, meet the workers need and evaluated the effectiveness of trainings.
Answer sheet DI1-P2-0008-ENG-V1 Mar25 © NEBOSH 2025 page 48 of 91 ADOR
have adopted multiple techniques for managing the health and safety training
which includes/consists a comprehensive training need assessment, classroom
training, on the job training, toolbox talk training, virtual reality headset for
training, interactive e learning training models, induction training and has
provided a good training infrastructure with all required facilities. While all these
methods who were found effective at the workplace, but there are some
challenges where ADOR is lagging. Two key recommendations have been made to
overcome these challenges. First one is implementing a structured training
feedback and analysis system which will help to improve the training methods
training content and increase the employee engagement. The second one is
implementing a provision for induction training session for the visitors before
entering to the construction site which is necessary as per the regulatory
requirement along with it will significantly reduce the risk to the visitors and the
probability of mistakes by the visitors due to inadequate information on health
and safety. Recommendations are being provided which matches with best
practice in the industries.
Introduction:
Aims: The aim of this research is to critically review/study how ADOR identify
health and safety training needs and delivers training to meet the needs to the
workers and evaluate effectiveness of training techniques.
Objectives:
• To access how health and safety training needs are identified by ADOR • To
evaluate the effectiveness of training methods used by ADOR. • To provide the
recommendation for improvements on health safety training to which aligns with
best industry practices.
Introduction to Topic:
Health and safety training are crucial part of construction site, the nature of the
construction work make it diversified where the workplace changes at the end of
the shit. ADOR is working in hydrocarbon & process industries particularly
providing flare system. ADOR is an ISO:45001, 14001:2015 and 9001:2015
certified organization and training requirements as per these standards imposed
on ADOR. The International Labour Organization Convention C155 and
Recommendation R164 made the training part as a legal requirement. In this
report the health and safety training were examined of ADOR for an EPC and
Operations & Maintenances Contract with client/ customer ONGC.
Methodology:
To achieve the aim and objective of this research we have adopted many
methodologies which were explained below:
• Opening Meeting with Project Head: An opening meeting with project head and
other department team leads such as Human Resources Manager, Plant and
Machinery Managers has been held to determine the scope and applicability of
this research and the outcome of this research.
• Documents Review: A detailed and through analysis of documents were done
such documents were: ➢ Training Need Identification Report ➢ Training Plan or
Training Clander ➢ Induction Training History ➢ Classroom Training History ➢
Observation Analysis
• Training Infrastructure Review: In the training infrastructures aspect, we have
reviewed various thing such as training rooms, equipment’s for practical
demonstration to understand the effectiveness the trainings.
• Interviews: We have conducted an structed interview with safety professionals,
supervisors to get insight view of their perception on training process, training
content awareness, and any challenges for ongoing methods.
• Surveys and Questionnaires: We have conducted surveys amongst the
employees to collect some qualitative information and quantitative data on the
effectiveness on training, employee’s engagement level and scope of
improvements.
• Site Observation: Site observations are being made and noted to verify the
implementation of the training outcomes how workers are applying training
knowledge on real-word task.
• Benchmarking: We have compared various training requirements of
International Labour Organization C155 and R164, ISO 45001, and other industry
best practices.
• Continuous Improvement Framework: We have evaluated the frame work
structure for continuous improvement on health and safety training such as
modification of training content based on feedback, providing risk-based training,
incorporating training based legal requirements.
Critical Review and Analysis of Effectiveness of Health & Safety Training:
ADOR have adopted various techniques effectively manages the health and safety
training part to understand the techniques are being derived in ADOR are being
Critically Reviewed and thorough Analysis has been done for ensuring its
Effectiveness which were explained below:
Training Need Analysis:
Critical Review: ADOR have adopted a structured and systematic approach to
identify the health and safety training needs by which workers/ employees
receive trainings tailored to the job requirements making the more confidence
and skilled to prevent accident. The training need analysis is maintained in such
ways: o The purpose of the TNA was found, such as improving performance,
enhancing skill or to make compliance to with legal standards. o Then the entire
background data was collected such as past experience of employees, policy and
performance standards. o Then the current componentises and skill level are
being assess although form incident report, performance analysis. o After that a
skill gap has been identified and for target/ focus groups. o Based on the gap the
detailed training need are established and Required Training Programme are
developed and planned. Additionally, the training delivering methods are also
defined such as some training can be imparted thorough class room some
requires on-job training, e-learning training for example Human Resources
imparted training on Prevention of Sexual Harassment (POSH) by interactive e-
learning module, Interpersonal Skill Training programme are being delivered for
New Managers by interactive e-learning module. Some training requires external
training for example, on last quarter external training on Fire Fighting and Rescue
of Individual with Practical Demonstration has been conducted by a third-party
training consultant. The training need were also identified from following
procedures: o Legal Compliances Review: Regulatory requirements for health and
safety training are reviewed are incorporated in the AODR’s training plans such as
International Labour Organization C155 and R164 training requirements. For
example, its mandatory to take annual refresher training programme for high-risk
activities, work at height, lifting and rigging safety, etc. o Job Safety Analysis:
Inputs are taken form Job Safety Analysis which determine the training
requirements on the risk basis. For examples, JSA identified the training
requirements for specialised fire fighting training for worker who involved in the
hot work and ADOR have deliver this training from external agency/ consultant on
last quarter. o Past Incident and Near-Miss Reports: The past incident reports
near miss reports were gathered and analysed and considered in the training
plans for upcoming training programme. For example, last near misses identified
a training requirement for safe storage a bulk material. o Employees Competency
Assessment: Annual competency assessment programme has been done in AODR
and this also identifies training needs. For example, external training programme
has been arranged on computer aided programme/ software “Primavera P6” for
the plaining department as lack of new skill to more effective project planning. o
Training Plan and Calander Update: ADOR maintains annual training plan and it’s
been incorporated and updated on changes regarding to operation or any
significant findings. For examples, fire evacuation training has been conducted
after rearrangement of office complex.
A Brief Analysis of Effectiveness:
Considering the above critical review/study on Training Need Analysis the
effectiveness was discussed below: o High Compliances Rate: ADOR have
implemented a good training programme which compliance to the legal
requirement and reducing risk of non-compliance. For example, an external audit
on ISO 45001 has been conducted and certification has been achieved without
any major non-compliance. o Proactive Safety Mitigation: ADOR have taken
inputs form job hazard analysis and past incident report to tailored the training
which helps to improved address the potential hazard before they convert into
accidents. For example, the reporting of unsafe condition for material stacking
has been increased by 30% and all are rectified on timely. o Customized Training
Modules: ADOR successfully implemented the training modules based on the
skills gap. For example, during survey it worker/ employees complimented the e-
learning interactive module they have enjoyed the training programmes. o
Written Evaluation of Training: After the class room training or e-learning module
the evaluation part has made the training programme more effective which has
been done by written assessment. o Integration with Performance Metrics: The
training type and numbers and percentages are incorporated with the
performance metrices and which also involved in the monthly Management
Information Sheet, after this integration the number of training compliance is
improved and maintained 100%. o Improved Safety Culture: As ADOR have
implemented risk-based training programmes, and various on-job training
programme it has evolved a positive safety culture amongst the workforce. For
example, the reporting of near misses has been increased by 30%. o Reduced
Accidents: After implementation of the Training Need Assessment in ADOR the
accident rates have been decreased by 30%. o Lowered Risk of Health-Issues:
After the skill-based training programmes for occupational health its has been
observed worker are working with adequate PPE reducing the risk of respiratory
issues. o Improved Emergency Response Time: After the training on fire fighting
and the Safey evacuation it has been observed the response time has reduced in
the next safety mock drill on fire incident. o Better Hazard Communication: After
the training programme on Safety Data Sheet, has been increased the
understanding the pictogram and labelling of chemical. o Reduced Environmental
Impact: After conducting the training session on environmental safety and spill
control it has been observed reduction of chemical spill case reduced by 30%.
Weakness Found in the Training Need Analysis: Although there are many
strengths found in the health and safety training part in ADOR but still some
weakness found which were explained below: o Absence of Provisions for
Induction Training Programmes for Visitors: Currently ADOR do not have any
provisions for induction training programme for visitors to make them aware
about the site lay-out, emergency procedure and their contact numbers, which
increase the risk to the visitor in case of emergency. o Lack of Formal Training
Feedback Mechanism: in ADOR there have no formal training feed back provision
which have been reflected in the interview process and the survey. Without any
structured feedback ADOR may miss critical information from employees and
their will be lack of employee engagement in the training process. Training
Infrastructure and Resources:
Critical Review:
ADOR has provided a very good infrastructure for deliver the training which is
well-equipped. o Dedicated Training Centre: ADOR have provided a dedicated
training centre named as Safety Park which measure an area of 60feet in length
and 30feet in width. o Equipped With Electronic Devises: The training centre has
provided a Large 82inch LED TV display for better visibility the participants sitting
on the last row and with adequate sound speaker for better hearing. Also
provided with ergonomic sitting arrangements adequate air conditioning system
for better comfortable. o Dedicated Pantry & Staff: The training centre/ safety
park has been provided dedicated pantry and staff for refreshments purpose,
which helps to participant to stay active and interested in the training. o
Availability of Safety Equipment: The training centre/ safety park is provided with
many types of safety devices and equipment for better demonstration of safety
requirement and use of safety devices such as, Self Contained Breathing
Apparatus, Emergency Life Breathing Apparatus, A Catron with wearing all
mandatory PPEs, Full Body Harness, a demo scaffold, Portable Gas Detection
Devices, Portable Fire Extinguishers, etc. o Use of VR Tools: ADOR have also
adopted Morden training technology such as virtuality reality simulation and
improve employee engagement by interactive module. For example, work at
height safety training using VR head set provides better realizations of hazards
which will helps to reduce risks significantly in practical situation.
Analysis of Effectiveness:
o By providing such good training infrastructures ADOR made the training
programme to execute successfully helping to increase effectiveness. o The use of
advance technology helps to enhance the learning engagement which improve
worker participation and retention of information. o With the practical
demonstrations of safety device worker use those in work place without
hesitation which has verified during one-to-discussion at site regarding the use of
Emergency Life Breathing Apparatus.
Class Room & Safety Induction Training:
Critical Review:
ADOR have provision for induction training programme for new employees. When
an employee/ worker joins ADOR the Human Resources Department follow a list
of training controlled by a checklist as part of Integrated Management System
which include training from various departmental training starting form Health &
Safety Department, QC Department, IT Department, etc. which elaborate about
the organization internal policy, rules, procedure, benefits, etc. Other Job-specific
classroom trainings are conducted accordingly training plan such as Hot Work
Safety, Work at Height Safety, Electrical Safety, Fire Safety.
Analysis of Effectiveness:
o Safety induction training plays an important role not only for delivery the safety
information but also compliance to the legal requirement as a part of
International Labour Organization C155 and R164. o While witnessing the safety
induction training the audio & video training session make worker engaged and
the trainer briefing on both English and Local Language to overcome the language
barrier. o Details related to site lay out, emergency procure, site emergency
contact numbers, in-house safety rules, consequence management/ disciplinary
action are being delivered in the training session along with generic safety
procedures. o After the training session there was a provision for Post-Training
Assessment programme, which is conducted by written paper of few question the
worker who were not able to read and write verbal assessment provision was
there, which make the training session more effective for knowledge retention. o
Weakness: ▪ However there no such provision of induction training programme
for visitor in ADOR. ▪ After the interactive induction training session there were no
provision for feedback mechanism for employee engagement and improvement.
On-Job Training:
Critical Review:
On-job trainings are conducted at site to make practical demonstration of safety
procedure to follow for some specific tasks and allow worker to learn the
necessary skill on the real time during their job and they understand their role
more thoroughly regarding specific safety measures. These trailing were tailored
very specific to the needs of workers and addressing particular skill and
information. Training such as Scaffold Safety, Hand Held Tool safety training are
being witness during this research. Analysis of Effectiveness: The on-job trainings
are effectives and are being covered through one-to-one discussion and
interviews with workers. Certain skilled workers were able to answer safety
related all the questioned related to hand held tolls such as importance of using
spark-proof tolls in hazardous area, size of the scaffolding component, etc.
However, ADOR is lacking in feedback aspect there is no formal way of taking
feedback form worker where potential development may failed.
Toolbox Talk Training:
Critical Review:
Toolbox talk training and are important to convey the short safety procedure and
specific precaution related the job. Toolbox talk training are conducted on regular
basis. These training methods were interactive in ADOR. Here lesson learned from
incident were discussed on every Friday of the week to prevent sauch type of
incident Analysis of Effectiveness: As this is short discussion and everyday this toll
box talk meetings were conducted. These training were found very much effective
because it was like reminder workers were getting everyday such as the
information conveyed in the toolbox talk worker follows very strictly. Here worker
sometime raise their concern regarding health and safety. However, these
feedback from worker not documented. E-Learning Methods: Critical Review:
ADOR also some time provides training through e-learning interactive modules,
such as in recent past training on Prevention of Sexual Harassment (POSH) and
Interpersonal Skill training are being conducted. The audience found interesting
while attending these such e-learning training module. Analysis of Effectiveness:
In e-learning training audience has the flexibility to complete the training as per
their free time. At the end of the module it has an assessment, failure to achieve
certain marks in the assessment require again attend the training module. Which
helps to identify the amount of information gained by the audiences and ensure a
retention of knowledge.
VR Headset Method:
Critical Review: ADOR also some time provides training through Virtual Reality
Headest, such as in recent past training on work at height. The audience found
interesting while attending such training which gives a realization of hazard haw
going harm the workers.
Analysis of Effectiveness: In Virtual Reality Headest training audience has found
interesting and better implementation of the control measure at workplace.
Which has been concluded form the survey, interviews and witnessed in site
observations.
Conclusion:
ADOR have established a strong framework/ structure for managing health &
safety training. ADOR have integrated various methodologies and the
comprehensive Training Need Analysis to ensure the effectiveness of health and
safety training and to reduce the accident rates. The management health and
safety training aligned with international standards requirement such as
International Labour Organization Convention C155 and Recommendation R164,
ISO 45001: 2018. The successful training program were contributing towards
improving compliance, mitigating the risk, prevention accident, and increasing the
worker competency. The modern training method, robust training infrastructure,
consistence in delivering by various methods such as class room training, on-job
training, tool box training, e-learning method, VR Headset, additionally the post-
training assessment has been made the training more effective and enhance the
knowledge retention. However, two major key challenges are found in this
assessment which are lack of formalized training feedback and absence of visitor
induction training program. Another one is, ADOR have not addressed any
feedback form any means of training losing the potential to improve form
feedback and employee engagement. Without providing Induction training to
visitor where ADOR fails to meet the legal requirement and putting the visitor into
risks. ADOR shall develop a templet format for training feedback, where feedback
can be taken from all types of trainings such as class room training, on-job
training, etc. And the data feedback data shall be collected and analyzed to
identify the area of improvement. Secondly a training module shall be developed
containing the necessary information required for visitors to deliver training
before entering to the workplace. Recommendations:
1. Implement a Structured Training Feedback and Analysis System: A formal
structured training feedback system shall be introduced to the post training
session. Where ADOR require to create templet format for training feed-back
through hardcopy or digital platform and analysis can be done from these
feedbacks.
Justifications: The training feedback mechanism will help to more easily to
address the effectiveness of training and increase the employee engagement.
Which is currently absent additionally leading to lose potential growth to training
content and training areas, means of training. This research addresses one of the
key weaknesses/ gap identified in the training needs assessment, namely the lack
of contribution of workers in the training learning feedback. Integrating workers
feedback is a best practice, and such organizations usually have higher
engagement levels, better safety compliance, and a better retention of safety
knowledge. Finally, the implementation of this system is also cost effective, as the
required investment in hardcopy or digital feedback platforms is minimal, but the
long-term benefits would be great in terms of reducing workplace incidents and
associated retraining costs.
2. Introduce an Induction Training Program for Visitors: ADOR shall introduce a
training module shall containing the necessary information required for visitors to
deliver training before entering to the workplace.
Justifications:
The visitors in ADRO often enter to the construction site without adequate
training which increase the risks to them, specifically in case of emergency they
will fail to help themselves for evacuation as they do not receive the required
information such as layout, assembly points, emergency protocols and contact
numbers, safe practices, mandatory PPEs. This recommendation also follows
industry best practice as many high-risk industries generally carry out visitor
inductions before site access. By implementing this program, the site will be much
safer and the likelihood of liability issues arising from accidents with untrained
visitors will be greatly decreased. From a business perspective, it is cost effective
to develop a short induction program. Compared to the financial and reputational
damage that could be avoided with the delivery of safety induction training to
visitors. Furthermore, it will help to get compliance under the requirements of
International Labour Organisation C155 and R164, and lead to a pro-active safety
management.
References: INDG345- Health and safety training 3S Life Safe Akademie Text Book
RRC Text Book Health and Safety Executive: - [Link] C155 -
Occupational Safety and Health Convention: -
[Link]
LO_CODE:C155 R164 - Occupational Safety and Health Recommendation: -
[Link]
LO_CODE:R164